高中英语定语从句汇总讲解及练习题

定语从句一、1.定语：跟主谓宾一样是一种句子成分。修饰某一中心名词或代词（可以是形容词、短语）alovelyboyahappylife;aredappleThisisthegardennearourschool.2.从句：相对于主句而言的，跟从主句之后的一个句子（连接词加一个主谓宾的结构）连接词是以wh、th开头的引导词引导。之前学过一些从句。Fg:Hesaidthathewouldgotherenextday.3.Thisistheman.Themanhelpedmeyesterday.Thisistheman___helpedmeyesterday.造句：正在打篮球的那个男孩是我弟弟。定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有:when,where,why

关系词的作用：

1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

常用的关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语

常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when、why、where

ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.

Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.

Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.

I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词，区分人和物。

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

第三选择合适的关系词。Theboysawabutterflyflyinginthesmallgardenjustnow.(分析句子成分)Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如：

1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)

2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?

3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.（宾语）

4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?

5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.

6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.（表语）

7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.

=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.

=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。

=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.●which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：

1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）

2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）

3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.

4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表语）

5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定语）

6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim..●who,whom,whose:

who:主格,在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人

whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语;只可指人

whose:所属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主语）

Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)

Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.

（宾语）

Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.●Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason时，可用forwhich指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：

Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.

Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.（作宾语）

Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?（作主语）

Ex.)Hewaslate.That'sbecausehegotuplate.

.Hegotuplate.That'swhyhewaslate.(表语从句)

(thereason)why/forwhichhewaslate.(定语从句)

当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that,inwhich,或how引导，that常可以省略。

way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语

时，则用which或that引导。如:

Thisistheway(that)

/inwhich

Idosuchthings.

比较:Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.Ⅳ.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

1.形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

2.语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

3.语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

ThisisthebookIlikebest.

这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

4.翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）

比较:

Hehasasister,whoisamusician.

Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose;关系副词when，where,why,etc.

1.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.

2.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.

3.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.Ⅴ.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

●that&which:

在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.

①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,

1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.

2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.

3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?

②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。

1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.

2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.

Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.

Youcantakeany(=whichever)seatthatisfree.

IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.

比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.

*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.

2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.

2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.

⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.如：

1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.

2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.

⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。

定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.

2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.

1.Letmeshowyouthenovel，thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

2.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

1.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.

What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?

⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.

(B)who&that:

who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that

①先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如：

1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.

2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.

3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce

4.Idon'tliketheones(=those)whotalkbig.

5.Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.

②在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如：

1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.

③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：

1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.

④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个则宜用who,以免重复.如：

1.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.●as&which:

as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

①位置的不同：

which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：

1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.

或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.

②先行词的不同：

as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；

which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

※Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行词是一个词）

Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.

Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行词是一个句子）

※Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.

Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.

③as一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"

asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where3.AftenlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when4.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed5.Doyouknowntheyear_______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich6.Thatistheday_______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when7.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich8.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere9.Thisisoneofthebestfilms______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked10.Canyoulendmethebook_______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked1.C2.B3.B4.D5.C6.A7.C8.B9.A10.A1．TheEnglishplay__________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich2．Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,__________,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.who B.thatC.whatD.which3．Ifashophaschairs__________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where4．Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填5．TheBeatles,________manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as6.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where7．Thebookwaswrittenin1946,____theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges.A．whenB．duringwhichC．sincethenD．sincewhen8.TheScienceMuseum,________wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where9.Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which10.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountA.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich1、Theknife weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp. A．which B．with C．withit D．withwhich2、Thebraveman, thetigerwasshot,isagoodhunter. A．ofwhom B．bythat C．bywhom D．bywhich3、Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall, hecouldseewhatitwasgoingoninsidethehouse. A．onwhich B．atwhich C．throughwhich D．inwhich4、Thebeautifuldress MissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers. A．inwhich B．wornby C．throughwhich D．onwhich5、Duringthedays ,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns’. A．thatfollowed B．tofollow C．following D．followed6、Youmaytakeanythinguseful . A．whichyouwant B．youwantthem C．whatyouwant D．youwant7、Myhometownisnolongerthesame itusedtobe. A．like B．that C．as D．which8、Theoldwomanhastwosons,one isateacher. A．ofwho B．ofwhom C．ofwhich D．ofthem9、Youcantakeanyseat isfree. A．inwhich B．that C．where D．which10、Isthereanything toyou? A．thatbelong B．whichbelongs C．thatbelongs D．thatisbelonged11、Wehopetogetsuchatool heisusing. A．where B．that C．as D．which12、Finallycametheday hehadtobeginhisstudyforthenextterm. A．till B．that C．since D．which13、Shehasn’tgotenoughmoney shebuystherings. A．forwhich B．withwhich C．that D．which14、I’vereadallthebooks wereborrowedfromthelibrary. A．they B．which C．/ D．that15、Thisisthebesthotelinthecity Iknow. A．it B．where C．that D．which16、Isoxygentheonlygas helpsfireburn? A．it B．which C．/ D．that17、TheSecondWorldWar millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945. A．onwhich B．where C．inthat D．duringwhich18、Thetrain shewastravelingwaslateA．onthat B．forwhich C．onwhich D．which19、Winteristhetimeofyear thedaysareshortandnightsarelong. A．onwhich B．that C．when D．where20、I’llshowyouastore youmaybuyall youneed. A．that,that B．which,that C．where,which D．inwhich,/21、Istillremembertheday shefirstworethatpinkdress. A．onwhich B．onthat C．inwhich D．which22、Doyouknowthereason shegotsoangryyesterday? A．why B．which C．forthat D．forwhy23、Is someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek? A．thisschoolwhere B．thisschoolone C．thistheschool D．thisschool24、Isthereanyoneinyourclass familyisinthecity. A．whose B．which C．who’s D．who25、Canyoulendmethebook theotherday? A．whichyoutalked B．thatyoutalked C．aboutthatyoutalked D．youtalkedabout26、Thisisoneofth