导游词-全中英对照

181页——203页峰——莲花峰，海拔1864米。在天都峰与莲花峰之间，可以看到一片黄墙红顶的房子，那就是“玉屏楼〞，其所在的山峰名为玉屏峰。玉屏峰被称为“黄山绝胜处〞，有“人间玉屏，天上人家"之称。著名的迎客松、送客松、陪客松以及黄山卧佛等都在这儿。鳌鱼峰在我们面前的这座山峰是鳌鱼峰。你看，整个山峰犹如一条巨大的鳌鱼，头向左，尾向右。在鳌鱼的嘴前有三块小巧石，像三个螺蛳，因此组成“鳌鱼吃螺蛳〞景观。在鳌鱼背上，有石如龟，向前探首，峰石结合，构成“鳌鱼驮金龟〞的奇景。游览至此，黄山北海景区的景点便全部结束。谢谢大家!MountJiuhua(九华山)Ladiesandgentlemen，Today，accompaniedbythesunshineinearlymorning,wearegoingtopayavisittoMountJiuhua.FirstallowmetobrieflyintroduceMountJiuhua.MountJiuhuaislocatedinsouthwesternQingyangCounty,AnhuiProvince.ItcombinesBuddhistculturewithbeautifulsceneryandancienttemples,anditisoneofthefoursacredBuddhistmountainsinChina.MountJiuhhuahas99peakssurroundingitssummit,ShiwangPeak,whichis1,342metershigh.MountJiuhuahasalonghistoryofreligiousculture,withTaoismprecedingBuddhism.Amongthemorethaneightytemplesstillstandingtoday,Huacheng,Ganlu,Tiantai,andQiyuanTemples,RoushenHall,andZhantanFroestarethebestpreserved.ThearchitecturalstyleisdistinguishedbyitsfreeandvividdesignmixingBuddhisttemplesandlocalresidencesinthemountainregion.Therearenotonlybigtemplesofagrandscaleandstrictstyle,butalsosmallquiettemplesmadeupofoneroomandonehall.MountJiuhuaisaspecialplaceofBuddhistworshipwherereligiousritesareheldfortheworshipofKsitigarbha,knowninChineseasDìzàng(地藏)，whoisaBodhisattvaandprotectorofsoulsinhellintheMahayanaBuddhisttradition．ItisrecordedthatduringtheTangDynasty，JinQiaojue，thenearclanoftheKingofKoyroKingdom，orpresentdayKorea,cametoChinaandpracticedBuddhisminMt．Jiuhuauntilhediedattheageof99,muchlikethefamousBuddhistsage，Ksitigarbha，soheisregardedastheKsitigarbhaBodhisattva．SinceagravetowerwasbuilttoburyhimonShenguangRidge，itbecametheplaceforworshipingKsitigarbha．Thetowerisalwaysfilledwithincensesmokeandeveryyear，atemplefairisheldlasting10days．Thefairhasbeenincludedinnation-widetouringprogramsandwelcomesmanydomesticandforeignpilgrims．Today，duetolimitedtime，wearejustgoingtovisitJiuhuaStreetandTiantaiScenicArea．JiuhuaStreetScenicAreaNowwearewalkingontheJiuhuaStreet．ItislocatedinaspaciousareaatthefootofFurongPeak600meters，abovesealevelandsurroundedbymountains，whichservesasMountJiuhua’sreceptioncenter．Temples，localresidences，andshopsaremixedtogetheronJiuhuastreet，andmonks，nuns，pilgrims，visitorsandthelocalinhabitantswanderaroundhereallday．QiyuanTempleWhatweseenowisQiyuanTemple，whichisalsocalledQiyuanBuddhistTemple.ItwasoriginallybuiltintheMingDynasty．Thestructureofthebuildingsresemblesthoseofapalacecomplex；however，unlikethebuildingsinapalacecomplex，theyarenotsymmetricallylaidout．Indeed，eventhegateisslantingtooneside．Pleaselookattheaisleinfrontofthetemple；ithasareliefsculptureoflotuswiththepatternofancientcoinsengravedonit，symbolizingtheholytraceofSakyamuni．Enteringthegate，youcanseetwoBuddhistwarriorsonthetwosideswithfrighteningfacialexpressions．InthemiddleisthestatueofLinguan，thejudge，withawide-openeyeonhisforeheadandalongwhipinhishand.LinguanwasoriginallyagodofTaosim,butwhydidhecomeintoaBuddhisttemple?Itissaidthatoneday，whenVitasoka，theprotectorofKsitigarbhawentouttoinspectthemountain，ascholarwhowasanon-believerofBuddhismthrustanironneedleatthelegofKsitigarbhatoseeifhewasreal．SeeingthebloodoozingfromthelegofKsitigarbha，thescholarwasscaredandhurrieddownthemountain．WhenVitasokacamebackandwastoldaboutit，hechasedthescholarinspiteofKsitigarbha’sstopping，andbeatthescholartodeathwithonewhipatWuxiBridge．Ksitigarbhawasratherangry，forthemonksshouldbemerciful，sohedismissedVitasokaandaskedLingguantotakehisplace．Today，therelicsofthescholar’stombatWuxiBridgecanbetheproofforthelegend.RoushenHallWearenowinthefamousRoushenHall．Morethan1．200yearsago，theeminentmonkJinQiaojueusedtochantsutraandsitinmeditationOnShenguangRidge．Whenhedied，hesatinavatandwasplacedinNantai．Asthegroundshonemagically，itwasrenamedShenguang(MagicShine)Ridge．Threeyearslater，thevatwasopened．Hisbodywasstillsoft，hisfacewasstilllivelyandhisbonessoundedclearlywhenshaken.AstheBuddhistsutrashowed，hewasthereincarnationofBuddha，sohewashonoredKsitigarbhaandahighhallandawoodenpagodawerebuilttoprotecthim，whichwasnamedRoushen(incarnation)Hall．Thestructureofapagodainsideahall,avatinsidethepagoda，andanincarnatedbodyinsidethevatisunique.TiantaiScenicAreaWe’vearrivedatTiantaiScenicArea.TiantaiScenicAreasissituatedsoutheastofMountJiuhuawheremostofthehighpeaksgather.TiantaiPeakis1,325metershigh,makingitalittlelowerthanShiwangPeak.Butitisalwaysbeenregardedasthecenterofthehighpeaksbecauseofitsmanyscenicsightsandancienttemples.StartingfromMinyuantoTiantai,you’llenjoyvariousmagnificentviewsonebyoneasyouclimbhigherandhigher.TiantaiTempleTiantaiTemplenowisinoursights.ItisalsocalledWanfoBuildingandKsitigarbhaBuddhistTempleandhasthreeparts.Firstyou’llentertheMaitreyaBuddhaHall,thenthehalloftheThreeSagesinthewesternworld，atlasttheGrandHall.Now，pleaselookup，youcanseeonthewoodenceiling,thousandsofsmallBuddhistfigurinesarelinedwithvariousvividexpressions．Thetemplehasnooutsideyards，butisstillspaciousandbright，duetoitsspecialdesign．Ontherockatthecornerofthehallisabigfootprintwhichispairedwithoneonanotherpeak，theEastCliff．TheyweretheholyprintsleftbyJinQiaojuewhenhetookoffstridingoverthetwopeaks．Thebigdrumwaspresentedin1982bythepiousBuddhistbelieversinKowloon，HongKong．Well,thetourofMountJiuhuanowcomestoanend．Ithankyouallandwishyouahappyjourneyhome！各位朋友，大家好!沐浴着清晨的阳光，我们将前往九华山风景区游览。我先简单介绍一下九华山风景区的概况。九华山位于安徽省青阳县西南，景色秀奇，古刹林立，是以佛教文化为特色的山岳风景区，中国四大佛教名山之一。九华山群峰林立，高上下低的山峰围绕着海拔1342米的主峰十王峰，犹如儿孙绕膝，老少欢聚。九华山宗教活动历史悠久，其道教在先，佛教更盛。现存寺庙80多座，其中被列为国家重点保护的有化成寺、祗园寺、肉身宝殿、旃檀林、甘露寺、天台寺等。其建筑形式很有特色，大局部以佛教殿堂与皖南民居相结合，依山傍势，布局灵巧，既有规模宏大的殿宇，也有一舍一佛堂的清净小庵。大家可能都知道，九华山佛教以地藏道场而闻名。据古迹记载，唐代开元年间，古新罗国(今朝鲜半岛)王族近属金乔觉渡海来华，在九华山苦修,于贞元十年(公元764年)夏99岁时圆寂。佛教界以他生前苦行，寂后形迹与经典所载地藏菩萨相合，尊为地藏菩萨应化，在神光岭上建墓安葬，九华山自此被辟为地藏应化道场，香火日盛。这里每年定期举行庙会，一般都要持续10天，已经成为了全国性的旅游工程，为海内外游人香客所欢送。因为时间的关系，我们主要游览九华街和天台景区。九华街景区现在我们正走在九华街上。九华街位于芙蓉峰下海拔600米的开阔地带，四面环山，是九华山的接待中心。这里是佛国，也是街市，寺庙、民宅、商店交错分布，一条环形小街，终日人来人往，有僧尼，有香客，有游人，还有当地的普通居民，他们各行其是，既清静又热闹。祗园寺大家现在看到的这座寺院是祗园寺，又名祗园禅寺，初建于明代，是九华山唯一的宫殿式完整寺庙，但整个建筑并不像宫殿那样取中轴线对称形式，而是曲曲折折，连寺门也偏向一边。大家先请看寺前的浮雕莲花甬道，上面刻有古钱币图案，表现了僧人对虚无缥缈的“七宝莲池〞琉璃世界的憧憬，象征着释迦牟尼的圣迹。进入寺门后，请看两边：两尊金刚居于左右，一哼一哈，令人生畏。中间是灵官护法，他额生竖眼，手执长鞭，显示出他的职责和佛法不可侵犯。灵官本是道教的神仙，为什么来到了九华山呢?传说有一天地藏的护法神韦驮外出巡山，来了个不信佛的状元，用钢针朝地藏的腿上扎去，看看是不是真身。一扎果然流出血水，那状元便急忙下山去了。待韦驮回来问明情由后，不顾地藏的劝阻，偷偷下山追到五溪桥，一鞭打死了状元。地藏为此十分生气，逐走了韦驮，请来了灵官。至今，五溪桥头仍有“状元坟〞遗迹作为这个传说的佐证。肉身宝殿大家现在来到的是著名的肉身宝殿。1200多年前，高僧金乔觉常到神光岭上诵经，晏坐。唐贞元十年(公元794年)，金乔觉圆寂，依浮屠之法，坐殓缸内，安置于南台〔西岭〕。因当时地发神光，此地便改名为神光岭了。三年后开缸，其遗体绵软，颜貌如生，撼其骨节有金锁般响声，以佛经所示，乃菩萨应世，遂立三级小浮屠供奉，尊为地藏王菩萨，以后又外筑高殿，木塔宠护。肉身殿在九华山的庙宇中，可谓是最具特色的建筑了，这“殿中有塔，塔中有缸，缸中有肉身〞的结构实属罕见。天台景区我们现在已经进入天台景区。天台景区位于九华山的东南方，以登高览盛为特色，九华顶峰多汇于此。天台峰海拔1325米，略低于十王峰，但这里景观荟萃，古寺重重，历来被视作九华顶峰的中心。我们由闵园上天台，一步一景，越上越奇。天台寺现在映入我们眼帘的是天台寺，俗称万佛楼，又名地藏禅林。于明代初年兴建，清代光绪年间重修。天台寺第一进是弥勒殿，第二进是西方三圣殿，第三进是大雄宝殿即万佛楼。大家请抬头看，殿宇的木梁上密密麻麻地排列着万尊小佛像，千姿百态，栩栩如生。该寺一无院落，二五天井，却宽敞明亮，足见设计者颇费匠心。殿角小门的岗头上有一巨大脚印，与东崖上的正好是一对，那是金乔觉腾空跨两峰时留下的圣迹。1982年，香港九龙的信士向天台寺捐献了一只大鼓，天台的钟声鼓声便传遍了九华山的峰峰岭岭。到此，今天的行程就全部结束。非常感谢大家，祝愿大家旅途愉快!AncientVillagesinSouthernAnhuiProvince(皖南古村落)Ladiesandgentlemen，Today，wearegoingtopayavisittoXidiandHongcunVillages．Now，I'dliketobrieflyintroducethesetwowell-knownscenicattractions．XidiandHongcunVillagesaregoodexamplesofSouthernAnhuiProvince’scultureanditsuniqueancientvillages．TheyandothersuchancientvillageshavetheirregionalandculturaloriginsintheregionsouthoftheYangtzeRiverandpossessspecialHuizhouculturalfeatures．Xidivillagehasbeenreputedas“ALivingAncientResidentialMuseum〞,whileHongcunvillageisdescribedas“China’sPicturesqueVillage"．BothwereaddedtoUNESCO’slistofWorldCulturalHeritagesitesin2000．XidiVillageXidiVillageisinsoutheastYixianCounty，AnhuiProvince，with300ancienthousesbuiltintheMingandQingDynasties，124ofwhichareinperfectcondition．Thedesignofthestreetsandlanesandotherhousesfollowstheolderpattern，maintainingthevillage’sancientstyleoflifeandarchitecture．Foreignexpertshavedeclaredthat“theyarethefinestexamplesofancientresidencesunderbestprotectionandpreservation〞andareamongthemostbeautifulvillagesintheworld.〞XidiVillageextends700metersfromeasttowestand300metersfromnorthtosouth，givingittheshapeofalargeboat．ThevillagefirstbecameprominentduringtheMingDynastyJingtaiEmperor'sreignandbecamehighlyprosperousfromthereignoftheMingDynastyJiajingEmperortotheQingDynastyQianlongEmperor'sreign．Thisprosperitywasduetotheeffortsofhigh-rankingofficialsandsuccessfulmerchants．Yet，thestricthierarchyoffeudalsocietywasalsoshownintheconstructionofresidence．Themerchantscouldonlychoosethebestmaterialsandplanmostsophisticatedworkmanshiptoshowofftheirwealthandposition．InXidiVillage，wecanseemanyexamplesoffinestone，brick，andwoodcarvings．TheArchwayofHuWenguangthePrefecturalGovernorThefirstsightthatappearsbeforeuswhenweapproachXidiVillageisahigharchway-theArchwayofHuWenguangthePrefecturalGovernor．ItisthearchwaytothehonorofHuWenguang’smeritsandvirtues．InSouthernAnhuiProvincearchwaysarebuiltfordifferentpurposes，includingloyalty,meritsandvirtues,benevolenceandfilialpiety，andchastity．HuWenguang，anativeofXidiVillage，wonhispositionofcandidateintheprovincialexaminationin1555andwasappointedtheCountyGovernorofWanzaiCounty．Duringhistimeinoffice，heorderedthatthecitywallsbebuilt，setupschools，andcontributedmuchtothebenefitofthelocalpeople．Later，theProvincialGovernorrecommendedthathebeappointedJiaozhou’sPrefecturalGovernorinchargeofoceanicshippingservice．Later，hewaspromotedforseveraltimes．Inthe6thyearofMingDynastyWanliEmperor'sreign，theemperorapprovedoftheestablishmentofthisarchwayinhishometowntorewardhisdevotedserviceandeffortsforthepublicinterest．MansionoftheSenior0fficialWearenowvisitingtheMansionwheretheseniorofficial，HuWenzhaooncelivedin．Itwasbuiltin1619duringtheearlyQingDynastyandhasauniquefeature—adelicateandelegantpavilionextendsfromtheuprightwallclosetothestreet．Thepavilionhangsthere，withaflying-uproofandup-turnedeavesandhasrailsandwindowsalongthreesides．Originally,itwasusedforlandscape-appreciation．Butlater，peopleuseditforsilk-ball-throwing，alocalpracticeformatching-makingbetweenyoungmanandyoungwoman．Suchpracticeisoftendescribedindramasandnovels，asthoseyoungladiesofrichanddecentfamiliescouldonlyarbitrarilydecidetheirmarriagebythrowingsilk-balltoanyonewhocaughtit.Thiswasdonebecauseitwashardforsuchladiestochooseamongsomanysuitors.Youcannowalsotakepartinthisactivityandhaveabitoffundoingso.HongcunVillageNowweareinHongcunvillage.HongcunVillagewasdesignedandconstructedintheshapeofabuffalo.Ifseenonahigherplace,thewholevillageislikeabuffalolyingbesidethestream.Ahillockintheweststandslikeabuffalo’shead;withtwobigtreesastowhorns;fourstonebridgesacrossJiyangRiverarelikethefourlegsofthebuffalo;theblocksofancienthousesinthevillagemakeupthebody;whilea1,000meterlongstreamwindingamongthehousesisjustlikethebowelofthebuffalo;apondintheshapeofahalf-moonisthestomach,andalargerpoolinthesouthofthevillageisthebellyofthebuffalo.Thelocalpeopleusedtheirintelligenceanddiligencetodesignandconstructsuchabuffalo-shapevillage.ChengzhiTang(AmbitionHall)Pleaselookatthebuilding.ItiscalledChengzhiTangandwasbuiltin1855.Itservedastheresidenceofthewell-knownQingDynastysaltmerchant,WangDinggui.Accordingtoanoldlocalsaying,“ThereisnotownbutwithHuizhou-stylebuildingsandthereisnobusinessbutwithmerchantsfromYixianCounty.〞ItisobviousthatYixianCountymenplayedaveryimportantroleintheHuizhoubusinesscommunity.WangDingguiwasashrewdsalttraderandmadelargeprofitsfromit.Inordertohonorhisancestry,Wangconstructedmagnificentresidenceinhishometown.Nowweareinthecenterofthecourtyard,andhereChengzhiTang’smainhall.Thedoorframeandporcharedecoratedwithwoodandbrickcarvingsofvases,ancientplumflowers,theEightImmortals,andthelike.Onthetwosidesofthegatetherearethecarvingsof“CarpJumpingovertheDragonGate〞,symbolizingtheowner’spoliticalambitionsafterhissuccessinthebusinessworld.ThetourofXidiandHongcunvillagesnowhascometoanend.Thankyouall.IhopeyoucanrememberthebeautyoftheancientvillagesinSouthernAnhuiProvinceandexpectyouwillcomebacktovisithereagain.各位朋友，大家好!我们将前往西递和宏村景区游览。先简单介绍一下这两个著名的古村落。西递和宏村是皖南古村落中最具有代表性的两座古村落，是皖南地域文化的典型代表。现在我们所指的皖南古村落是指安徽省长江以南山区地域范围内，具有共同地域文化背景的历史传统村落，具有强烈的徽州文化特色。西递有“中国古民居博物馆〞之称，宏村那么有“中国画里的乡村"之誉。2000年，它们被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。西递村西递村位于安徽省黟县东南，村中300幢民居绝大多数是明清时修建，保存完好的有124幢，街巷布局依然如故，风貌古朴，被国外一些建筑专家誉为“世界上保护完好的古民居建筑群〞、“世界上最美的村镇〞。西递村东西长700米，南北宽300米，平面呈船形。它开展于明朝景泰年间，明嘉靖至清乾隆时期到达鼎盛。西递之所以兴旺，主要是因为村中屡出高官和富商，聚集了大量的财富，有了较雄厚的经济根底。但是在封建社会，建筑府第宅院是有严格的等级标准的，徽商只能尽可能的选用上好的石头、木材，在精雕细刻上下功夫，并以此作为炫耀财富和地位的手段。所以在西递，精美的石雕、砖雕、木雕随处可见。胡文光刺史坊大家看，前面就是西递村，村头迎面矗立的一座高大的石牌坊，叫胡文光刺史坊。这是一座功德牌坊。顺便介绍一下，在徽州，牌坊分为忠义、功德、慈孝、贞洁四类。胡文光，西递村人，于明代嘉靖三十四年〔公元1555年〕中举，担任过万载县县令，筑城墙、修学校，做了不少利国利民的好事。后经巡抚推荐，担任了胶州刺史兼理海运。后来又被屡次提升。明万历年间，皇帝批准胡文光的乡亲在此立这座功德牌坊，以表达胡文光在任期间对民众做的好事。大夫第大家现在参观的是大夫第。它建于清康熙三十年(公元1619年)，为朝列大夫胡文照故居。大夫第有个突出的特点，就是在临街墙的平面，悬空挑出一座小巧玲珑、古朴典雅的亭阁式建筑。阁顶飞檐翘角，三面有栏杆、排窗，显得突兀别致。这座悬阁危楼原本是用于观景的，但后来人们便把它作为抛彩球的绣楼了。抛绣球这种事，大家在小说和戏剧中都看到过的。大多是这些待守闺中的小姐，或者因求婚者多，且多有权势，如何抉择左右为难，或者是因待守少女择婚主张与父母意见不合，爱女也许早有意中人，于是便出现了抛彩球选婿这种戏剧性做法。现在有兴趣的朋友也可以参与一下，看看自己的运气如何。宏村不知不觉，我们已经步入了宏村。宏村是一座“牛形村"，整个村庄从高处看，宛假设一头斜卧山前溪边的青牛。西边的雷岗巍巍而立，宛如“牛首〞；村口的两棵参天古树恰似“牛角"；前后四座横跨吉阳水的桥梁正如“牛腿〞；村中数百幢明清古建筑，犹如卧牛盘踞；一条千米之长的水渠环绕全村，盘曲流经各家各户，这是“牛肠〞；村中一半月形池塘，那就是“牛胃"；村南有一较大水面南湖，那是“牛肚"。宏村人用自己的智慧和辛勤的汗水，做活、做绝了牛形村，创造了绝妙的田园风光。承志堂大家请看这座建筑，这是承志堂，是清代大盐商汪定贵的住宅，建于清咸丰五年(公元1855年)。有句古语叫“无徽不成镇，无黟不成商〞，可见“黟县帮〞当年在徽商中的重要位置。据说汪定贵为人精明，经营盐业发了大财，为了光宗耀祖，便在家乡大兴土木，建造豪华住宅。现在我们到了院内正中，是承志堂正堂。先让我们看看它的门罩，门楼上的雕刻，同别的庭院一样，有砖雕花瓶、古梅、八仙等。八字门楼的两边，刻有“鲤鱼跳龙门〞，反映了房主在占有大量财富后企求政治上飞黄腾达的愿望。西递和宏村之旅到此就要结束了，感谢大家，希望大家能记住皖南古村落的秀美，有空再来看看。HenanProvince河南省AGlimpseoftheProvince(本省简介)|HenanProvinceislocatedineasterncentralChina，ontheplainbetweentheYellowandHuaiherivers.SincemostofHenanissouthoftheYellowRiver，whichrunsforover700kmthroughtheprovince，itwasgiventhenameHenan(SouthoftheRiver)．NeighboringHebei，Shaanxi，Hubei，AnhuiandShandongprovinces，Henancoversanareaof167,000squarekilometers．Locatedbetweenthenorthernsub-tropicalzoneandwarmtemperatezone，Henanhasfourdistinctiveseasonswithcomplicatedweatherconditionscharacterizedbyhotandrainysummers．SouthemHenanisinthenorthernsub-tropicalzone．Theprovince’saverageyearlytemperatureis13℃-15℃，theaverageannualrainfallis570-1,120milimeters,andhasonaverage275to308frost-freedaysayear.HenanProvinceisinthetransitionalareabetweenthesecondandthirdstepsofChina’sfour-stepterrainrisingfromeasttowest，withrollingmountainsover1,000metersabovesealevelinitswesternpartandplainareathatisnomorethan100metersabovesealevelinitseast．The2,413.8-meter-highLaoyachaPeak，whichislocatednearLingbaoCity，isHenan’shighestmountain．Theprovince’slowestpoint,23.2meters，islocatedattheplacewheretheHuaiheRiver1eavestheprovince．Highinthewestandlowintheeast，eveninthenorthandconcaveinthesouth，Henanissurroundedbyfourmountainranges，theTaihang,Funiu，TongbaiandDabie,whichstandinitsnorth,westandsouth，leavingsubsidencebasinshereandthere.InitsmiddleandeasternpartsthereisavastfluvialplaincreatedbytheYellow,HuaiheandHaiherivers．Mountainousregionscomprise44.3%ofitstotalarea，andtheplains，55.7％．FourriversrunacrossHenan，theYellowRiver,HuaiheRiver,WeiheRiverandHanshuiRiver,withtheHuaiheRivervalleycoveringup53％oftheprovince．TourismResourcesAsoneofthemajorbirthplacesoftheChinesecivilization,severalepoch-makingarcheologicaldiscoverieshavebeenmadeinHenan，includingthePeiligangCultureSitedatingback7,000years，the6,000-year-oldYangshaoCultureSite，andthe5,000-year-oldDaheCultureSite．Morethan20ancientChinesedynastieshaveestablishedtheircapitalsinHenan．ThreeofChina’ssevengreatancientcapitalsarelocatedinHenan：Anyang,theShangDynasty’scapital，Luoyang，thecapitalofninedynasties，andKaifeng，thecapitalofsevendynasties．ThreeofancientChina’sfourgreatinventions，thecompass，paper-makingandgunpowder，weremadeinHenan．MoreundergroundculturalrelicsarelocatedinHenanthaninanyotherplacesinChinaandtheprovincerankssecondhighestwithrespecttothenumberofculturalrelicsontheground．TheYellowRiver，withnumerousancientrelicsandscenicattractions,providesHenananotherrichtouristresource．LocalSnacksNotablelocalsnacksanddishesincludeLiyuBeimian(carpcoveredwithbakednoodlesinsweetandsoursauce)，LuoyangShuixi(feasthighlightedbyLuoyangstylesoup),SonggongMiangao(pastryoriginatingfromtheSongDynastyImperialPalace)．LocalCultureYuju(HenanOpera)isthemostimportantoperagenre；otheroperasincludeQuju,YueDiao,andtheHenanbangzi.SpecialLocalProductsThetraditionalspecialtiesareBianjingroastduck,KaifengHenanembroidery,XinyangMaojianTea,andRuyangDukangWine.TherearealsomanyfamousspecialtiesproducedinHenanProvince,suchasYuanyangrice,XinzhengChinesedate,Kaifengwater-melon,QixianandZhongmougarlic,Xinyangpalecolouredtipsandchestnut,XixiaChinesegooseberry,Lingbaoapple,JiaozuoyamandLuoyangpeonyflowers.Amongthesespecialties,theLuoyangpeonyflowersarefamousnotonlyinChina,butacrosstheworldaswell．TourismCityZhengzhouisthecapitalofHenanprovince．ItisofgreatstrategicimportanceinChinaasthe“Hinterlandofninedivisionsandthoroughfareoftenprovinces〞．WiththeYellowRivertothenorthandtheSongshanMountaintothewest,ZhengzhousitsastridetheHuanghuaiPlain.Luoyangisrenownedforitshistoryandservedasthecapitalof13dynasties．ItisrecognizedastheCapitalofPoemsforitsnumerousliteratiandtheCapitalofFlowersforitspeonyflowers．DuringtheSongDynasty(960-1279A.D.),KaifengwasnotonlyChina’spolitical,economicandculturalcenter,butalsooneofthemostprosperousinternationalcapitals．Asyouwalkaboutitsancientstreetstoday,youcanstillseemanytracesofthisearlierprosperity.AttractionRecommendationDuetoitscentralpositioninChinesehistory,Henanhasanabundanceoftouristsitesandattractions．TheplacesofinterestincludeSongshanandJigongMountains,theEasternZhouDynasty(770-256B.C.)ImperialMausoleum,WhiteHorseTempleinLuoyang,LongmenGrottoes,ChancellorTempleinKaifeng,ShaolinTempleinDengfeng,ZhongyueTemple,SongyangandYingtianAcademiesofClassicalLearning,andDufuandXuanZangformerresidences．河南省位于中国的中东部,处于黄河与淮河之间的平原上。黄河贯穿河南达700千米,因为大局部地区位于黄河之南,所以称为河南。河南占地167000平方千米,近邻河北、陕西、湖北、安徽以及山东。河南省属北亚热带与暖温带过渡区气候,具有四季清楚、雨热同期、复杂多样的特点。南部属北亚热带,全省年平均气温为13℃~15℃,年平均降水量570~1120毫米。全年无霜期275～308天。河南地处我国地势第二阶梯向第三阶梯的过渡带,西部山地绵延起伏,海拔高千米以上,东部为平原,海拔在百米之下。灵宝市的老鸦岔为全省最顶峰,海拔高度为2413.8米,海拔最低处为淮河出省处,仅23.2米。河南省地势西高东低、北坦南凹,北、西、南三面有太行山、伏牛山、桐柏山、大别山四大山脉环绕,间有陷落盆地,中部和东部为辽阔的黄淮海冲积大平原。山区丘陵面积占44．3％,平原面积占55．7％。境内有黄河、淮河、卫河、汉水四大水系,其中淮河流域面积53％。旅游资源河南是华夏文明的主要发祥地之一。在河南已经发现的7000年前的裴李岗文化遗址、6000年前的仰韶文化遗址和5000年前的大河文化遗址,在中华民族的开展史上均有划时代的意义。在中华民族数千年的文明史中,先后有20多个朝代在此建都或迁都。中国已确定的七大古都河南有其三,即殷商古都安阳、九朝古都洛阳和七朝古都开封。中国古代四大创造中的指南针、造纸、火药三大技术均创造于河南。河南地下文物居全国第一位,地上文物居全国第二位。众多的文物古迹和著名的黄河等自然风光构成了河南丰富的旅游资源。风味食品糖醋熘鲤鱼焙面,洛阳“水席",宋宫面,小笼灌汤包子,“套四宝〞。地方文艺豫剧是河南最大剧种。此外还有曲剧、越调、河南梆子。地方特产河南特产名食有汴京烤鸭,名酒有汝阳杜康酒,其他农特产有碧绿清香、中国十大名茶之一的信阳毛尖等。此外,河南有很多名优特产品,如原阳大米、新郑大枣、开封西瓜、杞县及中牟大蒜和板栗、西峡猕猴桃、灵宝苹果、焦作四大怀药等。洛阳牡丹著名中外。主要旅游城市郑州为河南省会,地处中华腹地,九州之中,十省通衢,北临黄河,西依嵩山,东、南接黄淮平原。河南洛阳是一座历史悠久的文化名城,从夏朝以来，有13个王朝在此建都。洛阳因文人云集而得名“诗都〞，又因牡丹花香气四溢而被名为“花都〞。开封曾为宋都，直到今天，走在旧时的宋都御街上，仍能想象当时店铺林立，车水马龙的热闹景象。主要推荐景点河南省具有丰富的旅游资源，包括上古文化遗址、太昊陵、东周王陵、北宋皇陵，还有苏秦故里、玄奘故里、杜甫故里、白马寺、少林寺、相国寺、龙门石窟等古迹值得一游，洛阳太学、嵩阳书院、应天府书院等古代学府墨香犹存。LongmenGrottoes(龙门石窟)Ladiesandgentlemen，WelcometoLongmenGrottoes．TheyarelocatedinthesouthofLuoyangCity．TheyarebetweenMountXiangandMountLongmenandfaceYiRiver．LongmenGrottoes，YungangCavesandMogaoCavesareregardedasthethreemostfamoustreasurehousesofstoneinscriptionsinChina．Thegrottoeswerestartedaroundtheyear494whenEmperorXiaowenoftheNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534A.D.)movedthecapitaltoLuoyang．Workonthemcontinuedforanother400yearsuntiltheNorthernSongDynasty(960-1127A.D.)．ThefirstcavesofLongmenwereexcavatedin494，the12thyearoftheNorthernWeiDynastyXiaowenEmperor'sreign．Thegrottoesextendforsome1,000meters(about1,094yards)fromnorthtosouth．Theycontainover2,300holesandniches，2,800steles，40stupas，1,300cavesand97,000sculpturedfiguresthathavesurvivedthetestoftime．MostoftheseworksdatefromtheNorthernWeiDynastyandtheflourishingageoftheTangDynasty(618-907A.D.)．Lotsofhistoricalmaterialsconcerningart,music,religion,calligraphy,medicine,costumeandarchitecturearestoredintheLongmenGrottoes．FengxianTempleFengxianTemplewasbuiltintheTangDynastyanditisthelargestgrottoinLongmenGrottoeswithawidthof36meters(about118feet)andalengthof41meters(about136feet)．ThereareninemajorfiguresofvariousfacialappearancesandtemperamentsinthetemplethatwerebuiltinaccordancewithBuddhistritesbytheartists．ThemostimpressivefigureisthestatueofVairocanaBuddhasittingcross-leggedontheeight-squarelotusthrone．Itis17.14metres(about56feet)high；theheadaloneisfourmeters(about13feet)high，andtheearsarenearly2meters(about6feet)long．Vairocanameansilluminatingallthingsinthesutra．TheBuddhahasawell-filledfigure，asacredandkindlyexpressionandanelegantsmile．Accordingtotherecordontheepigraph，theEmpressWuZetiantogetherwithhersubjectstookpartintheceremonyofIntroducingtheLight(aBuddhistblessingthattheBuddhaopensthespirituallightofhimselfandsharesitwithothers)．AtthesidesofVairocanatherearetwostatuesofVairocanaBuddha’sdisciples，KasyapaandAnanda，wearingprudentanddevoutexpressions.ThefiguresofBodhisattvasandDevascanalsobefoundinthetemple．Somehavedignifiedandgenialexpressions，whileothersaremajesticandfiery.ThevariousappearancesanddelicatedesignsaretherepresentationsoftheTangEmpire’spowerfulmaterialandspiritualstrengthandthewisdomofitspeople.WanfocaveTheWanfoCavewhichwascompletedin680，isatypicalcaveoftheTangDynastyoftworoomsandsquareflatroofs．Itsnameisduetothe15,000smallstatuesofBuddhachiseledinthesouthernandnorthernwallsofthecave．ThemainBuddhaAmidasitsonthelotusthrone，havingacomposedandsolemnface．ThewallbehindAmidaiscarvedwith54lotuses，uponwhichthereare54Bodhisattvasindifferentshapesandwithvariousexpressions．Inaddition，veryprettyandcharminglifelikesingersanddancersarealsochiseledonthewall．Thesingersareaccompaniedbyvariouskindsofinstrumentsandthedancersdancelightlyandgracefullytothemusic，givingthecavealivelyandcheerfulatmosphere．A85centimeterhighstatueofKwan-yinholdingapurebottleinhislefthandandadeer’stail—asymbolofbrushingoffthedustinSpirit—inrighthandisoncave’ssouthernoutsiderwall．ThisfigureiswelldesignedandisregardedastheLongmenGrottoes’bestexampleofaTangDynastyBodhisattvastatue.GuyangCaveGuyangCaveistheoldestcaveinLongmenGrottoes．Therearethreetiersofnichesonthenorthernandsouthernwallofthecave，inwhicharehundredsofstatues，andmostofthestatuesareengravedwiththenamesoftheartists，thedatesandthereasonsforcarvingthem．ThesculpturesareofdiverseshapesandpatternsthatarerepresentationsoftheGandharaArtstyleafterthegrottoarttransmittedtoLuoyang.AstatureofSakyamuniissituatedinthemiddleandisnearly8meters(about26feet)high.NineteenofthemostfamousTwentyCalligraphiesarefoundinGuyangCave.TheTwentyCalligraphiesrepresenttheWeistylesteles,whicharetheLongmenGrottoes’basicstelecalligraphies.BinyangCaveAfterconstructingtheGuyangCave,theroyaltyoftheNorthernWeiDynastycarvedoutaseriesoflargerscalecaves,whicharethenorthern,southern,andmiddleBinyangCaves.Themiddlecavetookthelongesttimetocomplete(from500to523)andistheonlyoneofthethreefinishedduringNorthernWeiperiod.Thereare11bigstatuesinthecave.Sakyamuniisofdignifiedandsereneappearance,whilethisdiscipleandBodhisattvaareofslenderfigureandelegantlook,whicharethetypicalstyleofthelateNorthernWeiDynasty.Thefloorisengravedwithlotuspatternsandontherooftopisaflourishinglotusflowerrelief.LotusCave(LianhuaCave)ChiseledgrottoesonthebaseofthenaturallimestonecavesarealsoseeninLongmen,andtheLotusCaveisoneofthem.Unlikethesittingstatues,Sakyamuniisofstandingfigure,showingthathehastrudgedalongdistancetodevelopBuddhismfromIndiatoChina.Ahugereliefofawellsculptedlotusflowerisengravedonthedome,withaseedbudinthecenterandpetalsofhoneysucklepatterscirclingaround.Aroundthelotusaresixflyingmusicianswithvividgestures,asiftheyaredancingalongwiththemelodiesofthemusic.XiangshanTempleXiangshanTemple，whichisrankedthefirstamongLongmenGrottoes’tentemples，issituatedinthemid