PASSBEC新编剑桥商务英语口试必备手册(中高级)

.专业.专注..word可编辑..专业.专注..word可编辑.目录第一单元公司运作与管理HYPERLINKTeamwork团队合作1HYPERLINKReducingProductionCost降低生产成本12HYPERLINKInternalCommunications内部沟通8HYPERLINKReducingOverheads减少管理费用18HYPERLINKHowtoDealwithaHeavyWorkload如何应对繁重的工作23HYPERLINKWorkEnvironment工作环境27HYPERLINKLogistics物流 32HYPERLINKBusinessEthics商业道德第二单元人力资源管理 37HYPERLINKRecruiting&Selecting人员招聘 42HYPERLINKEmployeeTraining员工培训 48HYPERLINKCareerDevelopment职业发展 53HYPERLINKPromotion晋升 59HYPERLINKStaffpromotion激励员工 65HYPERLINKStaffturnover员工流失71HYPERLINKAppraisingandImprovingPerformance绩效考核与改进绩效76HYPERLINKPayandbenefits薪酬与福利80HYPERLINKLaborrelations劳动关系85HYPERLINKWorkplacesafetyandhealth工作安全与职业保健90HYPERLINKTimemanagement时间管理95HYPERLINKManagingstress缓解压力第三单元市场营销101HYPERLINKProductdevelopment产品开发106HYPERLINKSettingprice产品定价110HYPERLINKProductpromotion产品推广114HYPERLINKAdvertising广告118HYPERLINKPackaging包装122HYPERLINKBranding品牌126HYPERLINKCustomersatisfaction顾客满意度130HYPERLINKKeepingCustomers留住顾客134HYPERLINKMarketingchannels营销渠道第四单元商务旅行138HYPERLINKTravelandtransport出行与交通工具142HYPERLINKTravelandaccommodation差旅与住宿148HYPERLINKDomestictravel国内差旅154HYPERLINKTravellingabroad国际差旅第五单元企业公关160HYPERLINKCorporateculture企业文化166HYPERLINKCompanyimage公司形象172HYPERLINKCorporategifting公司送礼178HYPERLINKCorporatesponsorship企业赞助183HYPERLINKDresscode着装要求189HYPERLINKEntertainingbusinessclients招待客户第六单元公司发展195HYPERLINKSitelocationandrelocation公司选址和迁址200HYPERLINKGoingglobal全球营销205HYPERLINKFranchise特许经营209HYPERLINKMeetingcompetition应对竞争第七单元商务电子化与新型工作方式213HYPERLINKOfficeautomation办公自动化217HYPERLINKSettingupcompanywebsite建立公司网站224HYPERLINKInternetmarketing互联网促销230HYPERLINKFlexiblepatternsofwork弹性工作方式第八单元商务会议235HYPERLINKStagingameeting/conference举办会议241HYPERLINKAttendingameeting/conference参加会议247HYPERLINKGivingapresentation大会发言251HYPERLINKTradefairandexhibitions会展257HYPERLINKPRACTICETESTONE练习1263HYPERLINKPRACTICETESTTWO练习2271HYPERLINKPRACTICETESTTWO练习3278UNITONECompanyOperationandManagement第一单元公司运作与管理Teamwork团队合作Teamwork团队合作，团队精神Team-based以团队为基础的Horizontalorganizationstructure横向企业结构Corporategoals企业目标Charter规章，章程Beaccountablefor对…负有责任Creativeinnovation创新改革，创新发明创新精神Rewardsystem奖励制度Payback回报，报偿Individuality个性Independentthinking独立的思想Groupdecision-making集体决策Managerialskill管理技能Coordinate使协调，调整Interpersonalrelationship人际关系Mutualtrust相互信任Bringoutthepotentials充分发挥潜能Closely-knit（关系）密切的Keeptrackof跟踪，追踪Time-consuming花费时间的Linemanager部门经理，业务经理（与行政经理相对）Pre-building团队建设Nurture培养，教育，发展Nurtureteamdynamics培养团队活力Promoteteamspirit提倡团队精神Driveteamsuccess驱使团队成功Minimize将…减少到最少，最小化Inhibit约束，抑止Livenup使…有生气Trainingsession一场训练，培训课期Rafting漂流Rockclimbing攀岩Teammate队友Impact影响，效果Complementary补充的，互补的Revitalize使新生，给予新的活力Trait（个人性格方面的）特征，显著的特点Commitment敬业精神Interpersonalcommunicationskills人际交际技能，亦作interpersonalskillsAddress处理（事情）Creativeinnovation创新精神HowtoMakeTeamsEffective如何组建精锐的团队Peopleineveryworkplacetalkaboutbuildingtheteam,workingasateam,andmyteam,butfewunderstandhowtocreatetheexperienceofteamworkorhowtodevelopaneffectiveteam.在各种工作场合，人们都在谈论团队建设、团队合作、自己的团队，但是却很少有人真正理解如何体验团队合作以及如何组建一支精锐的团队。Belongingtoateam,inthebroadestsense,isaresultoffeelingpartofsomethinglargerthanyourself.属于一个团队，就是体验自己成为比自己更大的团体的一部分。Ithasalottodowithyourunderstandingofthemissionorobjectivesofyourorganization.这在很大程度上与你对企业任务和目标的理解有关。Inateam-orientedenvironment,youcontributetotheoverallsuccessoftheorganization.在以团队为导向的环境里，你要为企业的全面成功做出自己的贡献。Youworkwithfellowmembersoftheorganizationtoproducetheseresults.你要和同事们通力合作以达到这些目标。Eventhoughyouhaveaspecificjobfunctionandyoubelongtoaspecificdepartment,youareunifiedwithotherorganizationmemberstoaccomplishtheoverallobjectives.即使你属于某个工作部门，有着具体工作职责，你仍然要与其他同事团结一致去实现这些总体目标。Thebiggerpicturedrivesyouractions;yourfunctionexiststoservethebiggerpicture.你的行动受到企业更大目标的驱使，你的职责服务于企业更大的目标。Therefore,executives,managers,andorganizationstaffmembersuniversallyexplorewaystoimprovebusinessresultsandprofitability.因而，行政主管、经理以及组织的普通员工无不对提高企业绩效和盈利能力的办法进行探讨。Manyviewteam-based,horizontalorganizationstructuresasthebestdesignforinvolvingallemployeesincreatingbusinesssuccess.许多人认为，让全体员工参与、为企业成功共同努力的最好策略是采取以团队为基础的横向企业结构。SuccessfulteambuildingrequiresattentiontoeachofthefollowingTwelveCs.成功的团队建设要遵循以下12条建议：Clearexpectations:Doteammembersunderstandwhytheteamwascreated?明确目标：团队成员是否明确团队组建的目的？Context:Canteammembersdefinetheirteam’simportancetotheaccomplishmentofcorporategoals?组建背景：团队成员是否明确团队对于实现企业目标的重要性？Commitment:Doteammembersperceivetheirserviceasvaluabletotheorganizationandtotheirowncareers?敬业精神：团队成员是否认识到团队对于企业以及对自身事业的成功都很重要？Competence:Doestheteamfeelthatitsmembershavetheknowledge,skill,andcapabilitytoaddresstheissuesforwhichtheteamwasformed?团队能力：团队是否感知其成员拥有应对种种问题的知识、技能和实际能力？而团队组建的目的就是为了解决这些问题。Charter:Hastheteamtakenitsassignedareaofresponsibilityanddesigneditsownmission,vision,andstrategiestoaccomplishthemission?团队规章：团队是否明确自己的职责范围并规划出自己的目标、远景和对策以完成使命？Control:Doteammembersholdeachotheraccountableforprojecttimelines,commitments,andresults?内部控制：团队成员是否对项目时间安排、应承担的义务和结果等共同负有责任？Collaboration:Doteammemberscooperatetoaccomplishtheteamcharter?协作精神：团队成员是否能相互协作、遵循团队章程？Communication:Doteammemberscommunicateclearlyandhonestlywitheachother?内部沟通：团队成员之间能否明确、诚实地进行相互沟通？CreativeInnovation:Doestheteamvaluecreativethinking,uniquesolutions,andnewideas?创新改革：团队是否注重鼓励创新思维、独特的解决办法和新的想法？Consequences:Istheorganizationdesigningrewardsystemsthatrecognizebothteamandindividualperformance?结果影响：团队是否制定奖励制度来奖励团队以及个人的工作表现？Coordination:Areteamscoordinatedbyacentralleadershipthatassiststhegroupstoobtainwhattheyneedforsuccess?协调配合:团队是否有领导核心来协调工作、帮助各小组取得成功？CulturalChange:Doestheorganizationrecognizethatthemoreitcanchangeitsclimatetosupportteams,themoreitwillreceiveinpaybackfromtheworkoftheteams?改进文化：企业是否认识到越是通过改变企业氛围来支持团队的工作，就越能够从团队的工作中得到回报？Spendtimeandattentiononeachofthesetwelvetipstoensureyourworkteamscontributemosteffectivelytoyourbusinesssuccess.要认真关注这12条建议，以保证你的团队能为企业的成功最有效地作出努力。PARTONE:InterviewDoyoulikeworkinginateamoronyourown?(why?)你喜欢在团队与个人合作还是独自工作？Ilikeworkinginateam,astheproverbgoes:”Twoheadsarebetterthanone.”Inateam,Icanlearnfrommyfellowworkers,gethelpfromthemwhenI’munderpressure.Andthemostimportantthingis:Icanlearntocommunicatewithallsortsofpeople.Howimportantisthecentralleadershipofateam?团队的核心领导有多重要？It’sveryimportant.Youneedsomeonewithmanagerialskillstoleadwithintheteam:heisabletoseethebigpictureoftheworkgoingon,toengageothers,coordinateinterpersonalrelationshipandorganizeresourceseffectively.Doyouprefertoworkinsmallteamsorbigteams?(why)你喜欢在小型团队还是在大型团队中工作？Iprefertoworkinabigteam.Yousee,whenyouworkwithmorepeople,yougetachancetolistentodifferentpointsofview,tolearntoseethingsindifferentperspectives.It’salsomorechallengingasyouhavetocoordinatewithmorepeople,Isitnecessaryforateamtohaveregularmeetings?团队是否有必要定期开会？Yes,Ithinkit’sabsolutelynecessary.Regularmeetingscanenableteammemberstokeeptrackofworkprogressandit’sameansofconsideringinformationandmakingcollectivedecisions.PARTTWO:Mini-presentationWhat’simportantwhen…?Evaluatingthesuccessofteamwork衡量团队成功与否需要考虑哪些要点？Mutualtrust相互信任Fullco-operation通力合作Mutualtrustisthefirstsecretofsuccessfulteamwork.Whenmembersshareatrustingrelationship,theywillfeelfreetoexpresstheirviews,understandeachother’scapabilitiesandlimitations,andcommunicatewitheachothertimely.Thishelpstobringoutthepotentials,experienceandcreativityoftheindividualandcreategoodworkenvironment.Fullco-operationamongteammembershasadirectimpactonthesuccessorfailureoftheteam.Whenteammembersdevelopastrongawarenessofcooperation,theywouldmakecollectiveeffortstoachievethecommonobjectivesandensureahigherlevelofqualityandworkmanship.Ontopofthat,timelycommunicationanddecisionmakingwillalsohelptoimproveworkefficiency.PARTTHREE：DiscussionTeamworkYourcompanyisofferingabrieftrainingprogrammeonteambuildingforlinemanagers.Youhavebeenaskedtohelpplantheprogramme.Discussthesituationtogether,anddecide:whatissuesshouldtheprogrammefocusonwhatkindofactivitiesshouldbeincluded团队合作你们公司正在考虑为部门经理提供关于团队建设的短期培训课程。请你们协助策划这一课程。讨论并决定：该培训课程应集中在哪些问题上应包含哪些活动A:Well,Ithinkit’sagoodideathatourcompanyisplanningtoofferatrainingprogrammeonteambuildingforalllinemanagers.B：Yes.Weneedtoworkoutthefocusofthisprogramme.A:Inmyopinion,weshould,firstofall,focusonissueslikehowtoformaneffectiveteamandhowtoimprovecommunicationwithintheteam.Thesearethemostimportantthingsweneedtoconsiderwhenholdingatrainingprogramme.B:Yes,Iquiteagreewithyou.Understandingtheseissuesisthepre-requisiteofsuccessfulteam-building.Besidesthat,howtonurtureteamdynamicsshouldbeanotherfocusofourtrainingprogramme,Imean,analyseandencouragethedynamicsthatdriveteamsuccessandminimizethefactorsthatinhibitthehealthyfunctioningoftheteam.A:Yes,onlywhenallteammembersaremotivated,andtheygivegoodperformanceinwork.B:Sowecanincludeinourprogramme,theactivitiesthathelptopromoteteamspirit,activitiesthathelpdevelopemployeemotivationandimprovecommunication.A:Well,wecanprovideteambuildinggames,andoutdooractivitiesthatlivenupthetrainingsessions.B:I’mquitewithyouhere.Wecanorganizeoutdooradventureslikerafting,sailingandrockclimbing.Theseeventsservetoincreasepersonalawarenessofabilitiesandcomplementaryskillsinyourteammates.A:it’saverygoodidea.Theseexcitingactivitiesnotonlyencourageteamparticipation,problemsovingandrevitalizemorale,theyalsoaddsomefunandvariationtoourprogramme.B:Andinfulfillingtheirpotentials,everyoneintheteamlearnstounderstandotherpeople’scapacitiesandlearnstoappreciatetheimpactoftheirtraitsonteamdynamics.A:Yes,mutualunderstandingandmutualtrustareindispensabletoeffectiveteambuilding.Follow-upquestions:Whatarethecharacteristicsofagoodteam?一个良好的团队有哪些特点？Characteristicslikemutualtrust,co-operation,commitment,opennessofexpressionamongteammembersareessentialtoagoodteam.Besides,ateamshouldalsobeclearaboutthecommongoalstheyaimtoattain.Whatmightbethedisadvantagesofworkinginateamenvironment?在团队中工作有哪些不利因素？Sometimes,teammembershiprequiresyoutogiveupsomeindividualityinorderfortheteamtofunctionasawhole.Sometimesyoufeelyourowncontributiontotheteamcannotbemeasured,soyouworklessthanyouwouldindividually.Wouldyouliketotakepartinaprogrammefordevelopingteamwork?(Why)你是否愿意参加团队发展的培训课程？Yes,ofcourse.Itoffersmeopportunitiestodevelopbetterinterpersonalcommunicationskills,andtheseareessentialinmybusinesscareer.Howmightacompanymeasurethesuccessofatrainingprogramme?公司应该怎样衡量培训课程的成败？Toevaluatetheimpactofatrainingprogramme,wecanseeifthetraininghashelpedtoaddresstheissuesinthework,toseeifthere’sanyimprovementintheworkperformanceofthestaffandifitencouragescreativeinnovationandteamwork.Doyouthinkacompanywillalwaysbenefitfromstafftraining?(Why?/Whynot?)你是否认为公司总是可以从员工培训中有所获益？Ithinkacompanycanbenefitmuchfromstafftraining.Throughtraining,employeeswillhaveabetterunderstandingoftheirworkobjectives,havegreatercommitmentintheirwork,andacquirepracticalworkingskills.1.2InternalCommunications内部沟通Becommittedto致力于Beengagedin投身于…，忙于Delivery传输，传送Corporateinformation公司信息Vision设想，远见Openness坦诚，公开Integrity诚信，诚实Paramount极为重要的-wide（后缀，与名词一起构成形容词或副词）全…范围的Opinionsurvey意见调查Putinplace实施，到位Audience-driven以受众为导向的Communicationsapproach沟通方式Segmentation分割，切断Customization根据对方需要制作，量身定做Integratedplatform集成的（信息）平台Costefficiency成本效率Digitalmedia数码媒介Intranet企业内部互联网Notice-board布告牌Resentment愤恨，不满Open-minded胸襟开阔的Out-going爽直的，乐于助人的，外向的Mettle勇气，精神Initiative主动性Managementmessage管理信息Performanceexcellence优异表现Subordinate下级，下属E-mailnewsletter电邮通讯，电子邮件通讯，亦作E-newsletter,E-news-letterTangibleperformancestandards具体的工作标准Annualperformancereviews(对员工的)年度业绩考核，年度绩效评估Staffappraisal(对员工的)业绩评估，业绩考核Two-waycommunication双向交流Voiceone’sopinionsabout就…发表自己的意见Column（报纸、杂志的）专栏Layout版面设计Cartoonpicture漫画Companylogo公司标识Asenseofbelonging归属感Workstation工作站，工作处Informationequality信息均等Haveaccessto有权使用…Channel渠道，通道Opinionpoll民意测验Internalcommunications内部沟通Nokiaiscommittedtoastronginternalcommunicationscultureandpractice.诺基亚公司致力于建立一种强有力的内部沟通文化和实践体系。Itsbroadrangeofcommunicationsactivities,channelsandmediastrivetohelpemployeesmanageandusecorporateinformationtheyreceiveintheirworkandorganizationalrelationshipsandindoingso,诺基亚公司通过各种广泛的沟通活动以及丰富的沟通渠道和媒介，尽力帮助员工管理和运用他们在工作中以及在企业交往中获得的公司信息。befullyengagedinthedeliveryofthecompany’sstrategyandtheNokiaWay.公司通过这种做法，切实传播公司的运作策略以及“诺基亚之道”Nokiapromotesaculturewheregoodcommunicationspracticeisintegratedintoeverydayinteractionwithandbetweenemployeesandwheresharedvisionandgoals,sharedknowledge,openness,speedandintegrityareparamount.诺基亚公司倡导这样一种公司文化：将良好的沟通习惯融入公司于员工以及员工与员工之间的日常交往之中。在这一公司文化中，共同的期望和目标、共享的知识、坦诚、高效和诚信高于一切。Thecompanymeasuresitsperformanceininternalcommunicationsthroughthecompany-wideannualemployeeopinionsurveyaswellastargetedsurveysaroundspecificcommunicationsactivities.诺基亚公司通过在公司上下进行一年一度的员工意见调查，以及针对具体沟通活动的目标调查，衡量公司内部沟通方面的绩效。Nokiaisputtinginplaceanaudience-drivencommunicationsapproachtomeetthediverseneedsofitsemployeesforinformationandcommunication,withemphasisonsegmentation,customizationandchoiceofaccess.诺基亚公司正在实施以受众为导向的沟通方式，以满足员工对信息和交流的不同需要，着重强调沟通职能的切分、量体裁衣的沟通方式以及沟通途径和选择。Thisworkissupportedbythedevelopmentanduseofcommonandintegratedplatformsandprocesseswhichwillencouragecostefficiencyintheuseofinternalandexternalresourcesandadoptionovertimeofdigitalmedia.这项工作得以展开是通过开发和使用了普通以及集成的信息平台和处理程序，在运用内外资源的过程中激励成本效率，并采用了数码媒介等方式。Therearethreeprimarychannelsforcommunicatingwithemployee.NokiapeoplemagazineispublishedinthefourmostcommonlanguagesinNokia:English,Finnish,ChineseandGerman.NokiaNewsServiceoffersdailyonlinenewsfromaroundtheorganization,andtheIntranetcontainsavastamountofdetailedcompanyinformation.诺基亚公司和员工的沟通有三种不同的渠道。《诺基亚人》杂志采用四种语言出版：英语、芬兰语、汉语和德语；诺基亚新闻服务网每天提供在线的公司新闻；还有企业内部互联网，提供大量详细的公司信息。PARTONEInterviewWhatarethemethodsofcommunicationtostaffinmostcompanies?大多数公司采用什么方式和员工进行沟通？Themostpopularcommunicationmethodsinclude:face-to-facecommunication,E-mails,telephone,notice-boards,etc.nowadays,theIntranetisaveryeffectivemethodofcommunication.Doyouthinkyouaregoodatcommunicatingwithyourboss?(Why?/Whynot?)你觉得自己善于和上司沟通吗？Yes.IthinkI’mquitegoodatcommunicatingwithpeople.WheneverIhavesomenewideasorresentmentaboutmywork.I’lltalktomybossfacetoface.I’mveryfrankandopen-minded,readytoacceptdifferentopinions.Isitimportanttoletyourmanagerknowyourideasaboutwork?(Why)让你的上司知道你对工作的看法是否重要？Ithinkit’sveryimportant.Yousee,Ioftenmakesuggestionstomybossaboutinternaldevelopment,anddiscussareasIwouldliketoimproveon.Inthisway,I’mcontributingtotheoverallimprovementofthecompany.Doyouthinkpeoplecanbetrainedtocommunicatemoreefficiently（Why）你认为通过培训人们是否可以更有效地进行沟通？Yes.Ithinkitwillbeveryhelpfulifemployeesgetchancestoattendtrainingcoursesoninterpersonalskills.Suchtrainingwillenablethemtocommunicatemoreeffectively.PartTwo:Mini-presentationWhat’simportantwhen…?Communciatingmanagementmessagestothestaff和员工沟通管理信息需要考虑哪些要点？Overallpurpose整体目标Feedbackonperformance对工作表现的反馈Firstofall,Ithinkit’simportanttoclearlystateyouroverallpurposeandexpectations.Inthisway,employeeknowexactlywhattheyshoulddotomeetworkrequirementsandtoachieveperformanceexcellence.Inadditiontothis,providingfeedbackontheirperformanceisalsoimportant.Onthemanagerialpart,performancereviewshelpmanagerstokeeptrackofpossibleproblemsintheirownwork.Onthepartoftheemployees,theygetencouragedfortheirhardworkandaregivenchancestocorrectmistakesmadeonthejob.Besides,managersshouldbemoreopeninsharinginformationwiththeirsubordinates.Theyshouldletemployeesknowinadvanceanyproposedchangesbeforetheyactuallyoccur.Thiswillenhancemutualunderstandingandtrust.PARTTHREEDiscussionE-mailNewsletterYoucompanywouldliketointroduceanE-mailnewslettertosendtoallmembersregularly.Youhavebeenaskedtohelpco-ordinatetheproject.Discussthesituationtogether,anddecide:whatkindsofarticlesandinformationshouldbeincludedwhatthenewslettershouldlooklikeandhowoftenitshouldbesent电子邮件快讯你们公司意欲创建一份电子邮件快讯，定期发给全体员工。请你们共同协调这一计划。讨论并决定：电子邮件快讯中应包含哪些文章和信息电子邮件快讯的版式、发送周期A：Yousee,ourcompanyisdesigninganE-mailnewsletterforallstaffmembers.Itcertainlyisaverygoodchannelforinternalcommunication.B:Yes.Whatinformationshouldbeincluded,inyouropinion?A:Itshouldcarryarticlesaboutthetangibleperformancestandardsforstafftofollow,andinformationaboutanychangesinthecompany,suchasnewpolicies,newprojectsandnewmanagers,etc.thiswillhelptoreducethechanceforconfusionandmisinterpretationofkeycorporatepolicesanddecisions.B:Yes,I’mquitewithyouhere.Informationofthiskindwillhelpstaffmembersbetteradjustthemselvestotheworkenvironmentandachievehigherlevelofperformance.A:Thereshouldalsobeinformationaboutthelatestachievementsofthecompanyaswell.B:Iagreewithyou.But…A:Andaboutannualperformancereviewsandstaffappraisals,justtorewardhardworkingpeopleandlookatproblemsinwork.Yousee…B:Well,youarequiteright.ButIthinkweshouldplaceemphasisontwo-waycommunication.Thenewslettershouldalsofocusontheemployeeside.Weshouldallowouremployeestovoicetheiropinionsaboutday-to-dayworkandcorporatedevelopment.Theyshouldalsohaveachancetocommentontheperformanceofthemanagersandpointoutproblemsintheirwork.A:That’sagoodidea.Solet’sputinthiscolumn”VoicefromtheStaff”.B:Besidesthecontents,thelayoutisalsoimportant.Wecanusesomephotos,peopleusuallyliketoseepicturesofthemselvesandpeopletheyknow.Soitwillbeabletoattractmorereaders.Wecanalsousecartoonpicturestohelpillustrateourideas.A:Good.Anddon’tforgetourcompanylogo,itwillhelptopromoteasenseofbelongingandloyalty.Andlet’salsoinsertsomehumour,tomakeitmorereadable.B:Finally,Ithinkitshouldbesenttoouremployeeseveryotherweek.A:Well,er…yousee,thisisacompetitiveage,newsandinformationkeepchanging.Whynotmakeitonceineverytendays,threedifferentissueseverymonth.B:Alright.Andlet’smakeitshort,sopeopledon’thavetospendtoomuchtimereadingeachissue.A:Iagree.Follow-upquestionsDoyouthinkit’simportantthatmanagerslistentocomplaintsfromemployees?(why/whynot?)你认为经理听取员工的申诉是否很重要？Yes.Complaintsfromemployeesusuallyreflecttheproblemswithinthefirm,someevenshowproblemsofthemanagement.Listeningtothecomplaintshelpsmanagerstofindproblemsandwaystoresolvethem.Doyoucommunicatewithyourcolleagueoftenandhow?你是否经常和同事沟通？是怎样沟通的？Yes.Ioftencommunicatewithmycolleagues,wesharecorporateinformationtogether,exchangenewsandviews.Inmostcases,wechatwitheachother,sometimesweE-mailtoeachother.Whataretheadvantagesofmanagementcommunications?管理沟通有哪些优势？Managementcommunicationscanenhancemutualtrust,promoteemployeecommitment,boostmorale.Ontopofthat,ithelpstoimproveproductivity.Isitnecessaryforthemanagertohavepersonalcontactswithhisemployees?经理是否有必要亲自去同雇员沟通？（为什么）Yes.Itisbetterforthemanagergotoanemployee’sworkstationratherthanmakephonecalls.Face-to-facediscussionshowsyoursincerityandwhat’smore,it’smoreopenanddirect.Howimportantisittodeveloptheintranetofthecompany?开发公司内部互联网有任何重要意义?Inthisinformationage,companyintranettendstobeaveryeffectivechannelofcommunication.It’sspeedyinrelayingthecorporatenews,managementmessages,internalchanges,etc.anditpromotesinformationequality,aseveryonehasaccesstoit.1.3ReducingProductionCost降低生产成本Resultin导致，造成Cutcorners抄近路，走捷径，偷工减料Greenerpastures更绿的牧场（比喻更好的谋生去处，更好的工作、职位）Deadwood枯枝，朽木；无用的人Nuisance讨厌的人或事，麻烦事Ex-customer过去的顾客，以前的顾客Intheshortrun在短期内Gothroughtheroof大大增加，上涨到处乎意料的程度TQM(totalqualitymanagement)全面质量管理Undertheumbrellaof在…的保护下Costaccountant成本会计师Costcontrol成本控制Prognosis预告预言Customerservice客户服务中心，客户服务Customersatisfaction客户满意度Costeffective(有)成本效益的Competitiveedge竞争优势，竞争力Cost-efficient成本效益高的Costmanagement成本管理Cutdown削减，减少Rawmaterial原料Toalargeextent在很大程度上Cost-conscious注重节约成本的Productionline生产线，流水线Ergonomics功效学Specialist专家User-friendly方便用户的Shiftwork倒班制，轮班工作（一半指三班倒，即dayshift,eveningshift,以及nightshift）Permanentschedule固定班（亦称fixedschedule）Rotatingschedule轮班制Outofstepwith与…步调不一致Adjustto对…适应Fightoff竭力避免Bodyrhythm生理节奏Stressful（心理、生理或情绪上的）紧张、压力Outofstepwith与…不协调，失调Consultancyservice咨询服务Nightshiftblues夜班忧郁症Allthis所有这一切Healthcounselingfacilities健康咨询设施Healthfacilities健身设备Roundtheclock24小时Translateto转化为Hazard危害，公害Adequatelighting充分的照明，足够的照明Properheat适当的室温ReducingBusinessCosts降低经营成本Costreductionisanimportantfactorinimprovingthestateofabusiness.降低成本是改进企业状况的一个重要因素。Itcanobviouslyresultinhigherprofitsandastrongerenterprise.它可以明显地提高利润，壮大企业。Mostbusinessleadersandmanagerswouldliketoreducecosts,butmanyfinditdifficulttodotherightthings.大多数企业主管和经理都想降低成本，但大多感到难以找到正确的途径。Thereareseveralmethodsbusinessleadersormanagersusetoreducecoststhatcanbedamagingtothehealthoftheorganization.企业主管和经理采用的削减成本的有些方法对企业健康发展是有害的。Theseincludedownsizing,reducingcustomerservice,andcuttingcornersinproductionmethods.这些方法包括缩小企业规模、减少客户服务，以及在生产中偷工减料。Downsizing缩小企业规模Somecompanyleadersfeeltheycanreducecostsbysimplydownsizingorreducingthenumberofworkersormiddlemanagers.有些公司领导认为，可以通过缩小企业规模或者精简员工或中层管理人员来减少成本。IfthisisdoneafterapplyingISO9000.anddefiningtheexactroleofeveryone,itmaybeanecessaryandeffectivemethod.如果是在实施ISO9000质量体系之后，并已对每个成员的角色做出了细致的规定之后，这有可能不失为必要并且有效的一种方法。Unfortunately,mostcompaniesthatdownsizedosowithoutreallyknowingtheimpactonthecompany’soperations.但遗憾的是大多数削减规模的公司采用了裁员这种方法，但并不真正知道这种方法对公司运作所产生的影响。Oneofthebiggesteffectsofdownsizingtoreducecostsisthatthegoodemployeesquicklyleavethecompanyforgreenerpastures.以裁员的方法来削减成本，一个最大的副作用就是不少好的员工很快就会离开公司另谋高就。Thusthecompanyisleftwiththedeadwoodemployees,whoaresupposedtodotwicethe