浙江省杭州市绿城育华学校2023-2024学年七年级上学期12月检测数学试题

2023-2024学年第一学期上杭一中高三英语12月月考英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15．答案是C。1．Whatis“couscous”?A．Anewhotel.B．Akindoffood.C．Acloserelative.2．HowwillthespeakersgototheSportsComplex?A．Bybus.B．Bytaxi.C．Bysubway.3．Whatwilltheweatherbeliketoday?A．Windy.B．Sunny.C．Rainy.4．InwhichcitydidthewomanandJohnstaythelongest?A．Vienna.B．Rome.C．Paris.5Whyhasthemancomealongwaytoseethewoman?A．Tohaveaninterview.B．Toaskaboutalawyer.C．Toregisteranadvertisement.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whenwillthespeakershavetheirpicnic?A．OnFriday.B．OnSaturday.C．OnSunday.7．Whowillgotothemarket?A．Johnny’smother.B．Lucy’sparents.C．JohnnyandLucy.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inarestaurant.B．Inabookstore.C．Inasupermarket.9．Whatdoesthemanhavetodonow?A．Signhisname.B．Waitforhisturn.C．Callhisfriend.更多课件教案等优质滋元可家威杏MXSJ663听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Brotherandsister.C．Customerandshopassistant.11．Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A．Heisverypoor.B．Hehatesshopping.C．Heoftencomestothestore.12．Whichdressdoesthewomanlike?A．Theredone.B．Theblueone.C．Thewhiteone.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Whatdoesthemanthinkofvisitingartgalleries?A．Costly.B．Worthwhile.C．Disappointing14．Wheredidthewomangorecently!A．ToWashington.B．ToSeoul.C．ToParis.15．Howoldisthewomannow?A．22yearsold.B．26yearsold.C．28yearsold.16．Whatartgallerydoesthemanwanttovisitagain?A．Muséed’Orsay.B．CentrePompidou.C．TheNationalGalleryofArt.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．WhatisPerelman?A．Aresearcher.B．Adoctor.C．Areporter.18．Withwhomdobabiesfeelthemostcomfortable?A．Strangeadults.B．Babysitters.C．Otherbabies.19．Howmaybabiesreacttounfamiliarbabies?A．Theymaystarttocry.B．Theymayshowmuchfear.C．Theymaytoucheachother.20．Whatmaythestudyleadto?A．Muchmoreparentingtimewithbabies.B．Anincreaseinfamily-baseddaycarecenters.C．Agreaterdemandforexperiencedbabysitters.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACompetingforaTriptoSomaBay,EgyptSomaBayisaperfectplaceforsunnyrelaxation.Ifyoutakeatripthere,youcanalsotakepartinthecompetitionweorganize.TheDestinationLappedbytheRedSeaonthreesidesandwithviewsofsandybeachesanddesertmountains,SomaBaycanattractnatureloversmost,Spreadingacrossalmost2,500acres,theEgyptiantouristattractionhasan18-holegolfcoursedesignedbyGaryPlayer,agolfingenthusiast,aswellasthelargestThalassospainAfrica.Kiteboarding,divingandhorseridingareallonoffer,too.OfSomaBay’sfiveaccommodationoptions,afive-starhotelenjoysafantasticlocationonthehighestpointoftheSomaBaypeninsula.Ithasanumberofguestroomsandsuiteswithprivatebalconies,aswellasfouron-siterestaurants,Youcanenjoybeach-sidepizza,takeafternoontea,orstopforadrinkbythe18thhole.Theyareallofferedbythehotel.ThePrizeWiththeofficialpermissionofSomaBay,thewinnercanenjoyafour-nightstayinaclassicroomatthefive-starhotelonahalf-pricebasis.TheprizeincludesreturneconomyclassflightticketswithoverheadcabinluggagefromtheUKtoHurghadaInternationalAirportuptothevalueof£650perperson,withdirectroutesavailablefromcitiesincludingLondon,ManchesterandBristol,plusreturnairporttransferstoSomaBay(UKtransfersaren’tincluded).ToEnterAnswerthefollowingquestiononlineatnatgeotv,com/uk/competitions:ONWHICHSEAISSOMABAYLOCATED?Competitioncloseson31October2023.ThewinnermustbeaUKadultresidentaged18orover.1.Whatdoesthefive-starhoteloffer?A.Gamesonagolfcourse. B.Ticketsforkiteboarding.C.Somethingtoeatanddrink. D.Accommodationonthebeach.2.Whatcanthewinnerget?A.Afreestayintheperfecthotel. B.AreturnairporttransfertotheUK.C.ApossibledirectflightticketfromBristol. D.AfirstclassflightfromtheUKtoHurghada3.Whatdoweknowaboutthecompetition?A.Itwelcomeschildren. B.Itcoversmultiplequestions.C.IttargetsatEgyptiancitizens. D.ItendsonthelastdayofOctober.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是争夺去埃及索马湾旅游的机会而参加的比赛活动的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据TheDestination部分中的“Ithasanumberofguestroomsandsuiteswithprivatebalconies,aswellasfouron-siterestaurants,Youcanenjoybeach-sidepizza,takeafternoontea,orstopforadrinkbythe18thhole.(它有一些客房和套房的私人阳台，以及四个现场餐厅，你可以享受海滩边的披萨，下午茶，或在高尔夫球场的第18洞停下来喝点东西。)”可知，该五星级酒店可以享受海滩边上的披萨，喝点下午茶，或者在高尔夫球场第18洞喝点东西，由此可知，该五星酒店提供一些吃的喝的东西。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ThePrize部分中的“TheprizeincludesreturneconomyclassflightticketswithoverheadcabinluggagefromtheUKtoHurghadaInternationalAirportuptothevalueof£650perperson,withdirectroutesavailablefromcitiesincludingLondon,ManchesterandBristol,plusreturnairporttransferstoSomaBay(UKtransfersaren’tincluded).(该奖项包括从英国到赫尔格达国际机场的经济舱往返机票，每人最高价值650英镑，可从伦敦、曼彻斯特和布里斯托尔等城市直飞，以及从机场到索马湾的往返机票(不包括英国转机)。)”可知，获奖者可以获得从伦敦、曼彻斯特和布里斯托尔等城市直飞的机票。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ToEnter部分中的“Competitioncloseson31October2023.(竞赛将于2023年10月31日结束。)”可知，比赛在2023年10月31日结束，由此可知，比赛在10月的最后一天结束。故选D项。BLarryandIhavealwayshadourbasicvaluesincommon,butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.Hisbigpassionisseeingbasketballgames.Hehasbeensharingseasonticketswithhisfriendsforyears.ImustadmitI’vebeenalwaysinvitedtoseethegamestogether.Thismorning,Icalledmybrother,Larry,andsaid,“Ihaveapieceofgoodnewsandapieceofbadnews.Whichdoyouwanttohearfirst?”“Goodnewsfirst,”Larryanswered.“Youcangotosleepearlytonight,”Isaid.“Okay.What’sthebadone?”heasked.“We’regoingtotheopera!”Ianswered,laughingloudly.Therewasareasonforthejoke.ThelasttimeIinvitedhimtogototheopera,hefellasleepinthetheater.Ihadtoadmititwasalwaysboringforhim,butwhenIgavehimaticketformyfavoriteopera,Ireallythoughthemightenjoyit.Iwokehimup,butsoonhefellasleepagain.WhenLarryfoundIwasjoking,hebreathedasighofreliefontheotherend.Hesaid,“ButIwantyoutogotoseethelastbasketballgamethisautumnwithme.”Ipromisedandcomplained,“Notagain!”Actually,mostofthetime,whenthegamewason,I’dbetextingordaydreaming.Sometimes,mytelephonemessageswouldbeinterruptedwhenthehometeamscored.Iknewtheyscoredbecauseeveryonejumpedupandexchangedhigh-fivesandfistbumps.However,today,asIlookedaroundatthousandsofpeoplecheeringandgettingincreasinglyexcited,Idecidedtoatleastgiveitatry—formybrother’ssake,ifnotformyown.Thegamewasintense,andIwashookedsoon.Whentheotherteamscored,Ieventuallyfeltabitdisappointedwiththerestofmycrowd.Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!Ididn’tkeepglancingattheclock,countingtheminutesuntilwegotout.Timeflew.ThegamewasoverbeforeIknewit.4.WhydoestheauthorquotehisconversationwithLarryinparagraph2?A.Toshowtheircommonvalues. B.Toshowtheirsenseofhumour.C.Toshowthetrustbetweenthem. D.Toshowthedifferenceintheirinterests.5.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialreactiontobasketballgames?A.Casual. B.Curious. C.Puzzled. D.Pleased.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hooked”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Bored. B.Disappointed. C.Addicted. D.Satisfied.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ArtandSport B.FromOperatoBasketballC.CheeringfortheHomeTeam D.DevelopingaPassionforOpera【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了作者从喜欢戏剧到喜欢篮球的经历。【4题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.Hisbigpassionisseeingbasketballgames.(但我们的兴趣就像歌剧和篮球一样相去甚远。我热爱艺术，他是一个超级体育迷。)”可知，作者在第二段引用他与拉里的对话是为了呈现他们兴趣的差异。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Actually,mostofthetime,whenthegamewason,I’dbetextingordaydreaming.(大多数时候，当比赛开始时，我会发短信或做白日梦。)”可知，作者最初在看篮球比赛时经常玩手机，表现得很随意。故选A。【6题详解】词义猜测题。划线单词下文讲到“Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!(我哥哥看到我参与进来很惊讶。我自己都惊呆了！)”可知，划线单词所在句子的意思是：比赛很激烈，我很快就迷上了。因此最后一段中带下划线的单词hooked的意思是“上瘾的，着迷的”。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。本文讲述了作者从喜欢戏剧到喜欢篮球的经历。文章第一段讲到“butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.Hisbigpassionisseeingbasketballgames.(但我们的兴趣就像歌剧和篮球一样相去甚远。我热爱艺术，他是一个超级体育迷。)”以及文章最后一段讲到“Thegamewasintense,andIwashookedsoon.(游戏很激烈，我很快就迷上了。)”说明了作者的转变，可知，文章的最佳标题是：从歌剧到篮球。故选B。CAncientbuildersacrosstheworldcreatedstructuresthatarestillstandingtoday,thousandsofyearslater.Romanbuildersbuiltthickconcreteseabarriersagainstwaves.Mayanbuilderscreatedgreatsculptures,andChinesebuildersconstructedwallsagainstforeignenemies.Agrowingnumberofscientistshavebeenstudyingmaterialssincealongtimeago.Theyarebreakingapartpiecesofbuildingsandreadinghistoricaltextshopingtolearnhowtheyhavestoodforthousandsofyears.Theresearchhasturnedupasurprisinglistofmaterialsthatweremixedintooldbuildings.Theyincludetreebark,volcanicash,riceandbeer.Theseunexpectedmaterialscanhavetheabilitytogetstrongerovertime.Figuringouthowtocopythesefeaturescanhaverealimpactstoday.Whilesomeofourmodernconcretehasthestrengthtoholdupverytallbuildingsandheavystructures,itcannotcompetewiththedurabilityoftheseancientmaterials.ManyscientistshaveturnedtotheRomans.Startingaround200BC,theRomanEmpirewasbuildingconcretestructuresthathavestoodthetestoftime.Eveninplaceswhereseawaterhasbeenhittingstructuresforages,youwillfindconcretebasicallythewayitwaswhenitwaspoured2,000yearsago.TheythinktheyhavefoundanimportantreasonwhysomeRomanconcretehasheldupstructuresforthousandsofyears.Thattheancientmaterialshaveanunusualpowertorestorethemselvesand“cure”cracks(裂缝)whentheyformisthemostshockingforthem.Exactlyhowisnotyetclear,butscientistsarestartingtofindthereasons.Today’sbuilderscannotjustcopytheancientprocesses.EventhoughRomanconcretelastedalongtime,itcouldn’tholdupheavybuildings.Instead,researchersaretryingtotakesomeoftheancientmaterialsandaddthemintomodernmixes.Peopledon’tneedtomakethingslastquiteaslongastheRomansdid.Ifweadd50or100yearstoconcrete’slifespan,we’llsurelyrequirelesspullingdown,lessmaintenanceandlessmaterialinthelongrun.8.WhatwerethementionedRomanandChinesebuildingsbothusedfor?A.Travel. B.Defence. C.Soldiertraining. D.Seawatercontrol.9.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheancientbuildings?A.Long-lasting. B.Energy-efficient. C.Delicate. D.Flexible.10.Whatsurprisesthescientistsmostabouttheancientbuildingmaterials?A.Theirlargecracks. B.Theirclearconcrete.C.Theirinternalstructures. D.Theirself-repairingability.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureconcrete?A.Tolerant. B.Expectant. C.Suspicious. D.Indifferent.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在几千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒的原因。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Romanbuildersbuiltthickconcreteseabarriersagainstwaves.Mayanbuilderscreatedgreatsculptures,andChinesebuildersconstructedwallsagainstforeignenemies.”（罗马的建造者建造了厚厚的混凝土防波堤。玛雅工匠创造了伟大的雕塑，中国工匠建造了抵御外敌的城墙。）可推知，罗马和中国的建筑都是用来起到防御作用的。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ancientbuildersacrosstheworldcreatedstructuresthatarestillstandingtoday,thousandsofyearslater.”（世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在几千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒。）以及第二段中“Agrowingnumberofscientistshavebeenstudyingmaterialssincealongtimeago.Theyarebreakingapartpiecesofbuildingsandreadinghistoricaltextshopingtolearnhowtheyhavestoodforthousandsofyears.”（长久以来，越来越多的科学家一直在研究材料。他们正在拆除建筑物的碎片，阅读历史文献，希望了解它们是如何屹立数千年的。）可推知，这些古建筑能够持久的存在。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thattheancientmaterialshaveanunusualpowertorestorethemselvesand“cure”crackswhentheyformisthemostshockingforthem.”（这些古老材料具有一种不寻常的力量，可以在裂缝形成时自我修复和“治愈”裂缝，这对他们来说是最令人震惊的。）可知，古代建筑材料中最令科学家惊讶的是它们的自我修复能力。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ifweadd50or100yearstoconcrete’slifespan,we’llsurelyrequirelesspullingdown,lessmaintenanceandlessmaterialinthelongrun.”（如果我们将混凝土的寿命延长50年或100年，从长远来看，我们肯定需要更少的拆除，更少的维护和更少的材料。）可推知，作者对未来混凝土的态度是期待的。故选B项。DAnewstudyshowshomingpigeons(鸽子)combinepreciseinternalcompassesandmemorizedlandmarkstoretraceapathbacktotheirhome—evenfouryearsaftertheprevioustimewhentheymadethetrip.Testingnonhumanmemorykeepingischallenginginresearchstudies.“It’srarethatthereisagapofseveralyearsbetweenwhenananimalstorestheinformationandwhenitisnextrequiredtogetitback,”saysDoraBiro,azoologistattheUniversityofOxford.Inarecentstudy,Biroandhercolleaguescompareddomestichomingpigeons’pathsthreeorfouryearsafterthebirdsestablishedroutesbacktotheirhomefromafarm8.6kilometersaway.Thestudybuiltondatafroma2016experimentinwhichpigeonslearnedroutesindifferentsocialcontextsduringseveralflights-ontheirownorwithpeersthatdidordidnotknowtheway.UsingdatafromGPSdevicestemporarilyattachedtothebirds’backs,theresearcherscomparedtheflightpathsagroupofpigeonstookin2016withmanyofthesamebirds’routesin2019or2020,withoutthebirdsvisitingthereleasesiteinbetween.Somebirdsmissedahandfuloflandmarksalongtheway,butmanyotherstook“strikinglysimilar”routestothosetheyusedin2016,“Itwasasifthelasttimetheyflewtherewasjustthedaybefore,notfouryearsago,”saysOxfordzoologistandstudyco-authorJulienCollet.Theteamfoundthatthepigeonsrememberedaroutejustaswelliftheyfirstflewitaloneorwithothersandperformedmuchbetterthanthosethathadnotmadethejourneyin2016.“Theresultisnotsurprising,butitprovidesnewconfirmationofhomingpigeons’remarkablememory.Itclosesthedistancealittlebitbetweenouroverconfidenthumancognitive(认知的)abilitiesandwhatanimalscando,”saysVernerBingman,whostudiesanimalnavigationatBowlingGreenStateUniversityandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.12.Whatdoesparagraph1mentionabouthomingpigeons?A.Thetimeofleavinghome. B.Thelocationoftheirbirth.C.Thewaystheynavigatehome. D.Thereasonsfortheirtakingtrips.13.HowdidBiroandhercolleaguesconductthestudy?A.Throughquestionnaires. B.Throughinformationassumptions.C.Throughlabexperimentsonanimals. D.Throughcomparativeanalysisofdata.14.Whatdidtheresearchersusetogetthepigeons’flightroutesaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Predictionmethod. B.Trackingmethod.C.Expertconsultation. D.Literatureconsultation.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutanimalcognitiveabilitiesfromVernerBingman’swords?A.Theyareunderestimated. B.Theyhavebeendeclining.C.Theyaremuchlowerthanhumans’. D.Theyhaveneverbeenconfirmed.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现信鸽可以通过自身的方位分辨技术找到回家的路。解释了研究开展的经过以及意义。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Anewstudyshowshomingpigeons(鸽子)combinepreciseinternalcompassesandmemorizedlandmarkstoretraceapathbacktotheirhome—evenfouryearsaftertheprevioustimewhentheymadethetrip.(一项新的研究表明，信鸽结合了体内精确的罗盘和记忆的地标，甚至在它们上一次飞行四年后，还能重新找到回家的路)”可知，第一段提到了信鸽回家的方式。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inarecentstudy,Biroandhercolleaguescompareddomestichomingpigeons’pathsthreeorfouryearsafterthebirdsestablishedroutesbacktotheirhomefromafarm8.6kilometersaway.Thestudybuiltondatafroma2016experimentinwhichpigeonslearnedroutesindifferentsocialcontextsduringseveralflights-ontheirownorwithpeersthatdidordidnotknowtheway.(在最近的一项研究中，比罗和她的同事们比较了国内信鸽从8.6公里外的农场回到家的路线三到四年后的路线。这项研究建立在2016年一项实验的数据基础上，在这项实验中，鸽子在几次飞行中在不同的社会背景下学习路线——单独飞行或与不认识路的同伴一起飞行)”可知，比罗和她的同事通过数据的比较分析进行这项研究。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“UsingdatafromGPSdevicestemporarilyattachedtothebirds’backs,theresearcherscomparedtheflightpathsagroupofpigeonstookin2016withmanyofthesamebirds’routesin2019or2020,withoutthebirdsvisitingthereleasesiteinbetween.(研究人员利用临时安装在鸽子背上的GPS设备的数据，将一群鸽子在2016年的飞行路线与2019年或2020年的许多相同路线进行了比较，其间鸟儿没有访问释放地点)”可知，研究人员通过跟踪法来得到鸽子的飞行路线。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Theresultisnotsurprising,butitprovidesnewconfirmationofhomingpigeons’remarkablememory.Itclosesthedistancealittlebitbetweenouroverconfidenthumancognitive(认知的)abilitiesandwhatanimalscando,”saysVernerBingman,whostudiesanimalnavigationatBowlingGreenStateUniversityandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.(“这个结果并不令人惊讶，但它为信鸽非凡的记忆力提供了新的证据。它拉近了我们过于自信的人类认知能力和动物能力之间的距离，”弗纳·宾曼说，他在州立鲍灵格林大学研究动物导航，但没有参与这项研究)”可推知，VernerBingman的话表明动物认知能力被低估了。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We’refortunatetohaveaccesstothedynamicnetworktechnology,whichprovidesrichresourcesforlearning,connectingandentertainingourselves.___16___Thesametoolthatcanenhanceourworkefficiencyalsohasthepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).___17___Anastonishing84.4%ofus,onaverage,reportbeingdistractedatwork.Therearesomeusualsuspects.Emailsstealtheattentionof26%.Phonecallsandtextsinfluenceamassive43%.Coworkersshifttheattentionof27%.AndtheInternet,withitsinfinitesourceofinformationandentertainment,distracts41%ofus.What’smore,asurveyrevealsthatanoverwhelming67%ofworkerssaythattheirworkisoftenaffectedbytheexcessivetimespentonmeetingsandcalls.Thesedistractionsaremorethanmereannoyances.___18___Itistheirlastingimpactthatmakesitimpossibleforustofocusonanysingletask.Inthisway,theygreatlyreduceourworkefficiency.Astudyoffersmoreinsightintoourstrugglewithdistractions.Itfoundthatourbrainwavespulsate(搏动)atdifferentfrequenciesdependingonthetypeofexternalstimuli.Therhythmisfasterforautomaticstimulibutslowsdownfortasksweconsciouslychoosetofocuson.___19___Justthinkaboutit:You’reinvolvedinaproject,andthenyourphonereceivesatextmessage.___20___Andregainingyourfocusmightbeharderthanyouanticipate,Thesamegoesforthatcatchynewsheadlineoraninterestingsocialmediapostthatcatchesyoureye-pullingyouawayfromyourtaskandmakingyoulostintheseaofdistractions.A.Butitisdouble-edged.B.Somedistractionscanbeavoided.C.Statisticsrevealhowcommonthisissueis.D.They’realsopersistentandendlessingettingourattention.E.Thesoundofitisloudenoughtointerruptyourconcentration.F.Stimulatingourinterestandincreasingthespeedofourworkareimportant.G.Thismakesmaintainingfocusinthenoisyworldanever-increasingchallenge.【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.G20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了我们受到外界干扰的原因。【16题详解】根据上文“We’refortunatetohaveaccesstothedynamicnetworktechnology,whichprovidesrichresourcesforlearning,connectingandentertainingourselves.(我们有幸接触到动态的网络技术，它为我们学习、联系和娱乐提供了丰富的资源)”以及后文“Thesametoolthatcanenhanceourworkefficiencyalsohasthepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).(同样的工具可以提高我们的工作效率，也有能力让我们陷入分心的网络中)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出网络技术的有利有弊。故A选项“但这是一把双刃剑”符合语境，故选A。【17题详解】根据后文“Anastonishing84.4%ofus,onaverage,reportbeingdistractedatwork.Therearesomeusualsuspects.Emailsstealtheattentionof26%.Phonecallsandtextsinfluenceamassive43%.Coworkersshifttheattentionof27%.AndtheInternet,withitsinfinitesourceofinformationandentertainment,distracts41%ofus.What’smore,asurveyrevealsthatanoverwhelming67%ofworkerssaythattheirworkisoftenaffectedbytheexcessivetimespentonmeetingsandcalls.(平均而言，84.4%的人在工作中分心，这一比例令人震惊。有一些常见的疑点。电子邮件抢走了26%的人的注意力。电话和短信影响了43%的人。同事转移了27%的注意力。而互联网，以其无限的信息和娱乐来源，分散了我们41%的注意力。此外，一项调查显示，高达67%的员工表示，他们的工作经常受到花在会议和电话上的过多时间的影响)”可知，本段主要通过具体的数据说明了员工容易被网络分心。故C选项“统计数据揭示了这个问题有多普遍”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Thesedistractionsaremorethanmereannoyances.(这些干扰不仅仅是烦恼)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明干扰的其他消极影响。故D选项“它们还会持续不断地吸引我们的注意力”符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“Astudyoffersmoreinsightintoourstrugglewithdistractions.Itfoundthatourbrainwavespulsate(搏动)atdifferentfrequenciesdependingonthetypeofexternalstimuli.Therhythmisfasterforautomaticstimulibutslowsdownfortasksweconsciouslychoosetofocuson.(一项研究为我们与分心的斗争提供了更多的见解。研究发现，我们的脑电波以不同的频率脉动，这取决于外部刺激的类型。对于自动刺激，节奏更快，但对于我们有意识地选择关注的任务，节奏会减慢)”可知，上文提到了自动刺激会让我们节奏减慢，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文说明其带来的影响：使得在嘈杂的世界中保持专注成为一个越来越大的挑战。故G选项“这使得在嘈杂的世界中保持专注成为一个越来越大的挑战”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Justthinkaboutit:You’reinvolvedinaproject,andthenyourphonereceivesatextmessage.(试想一下：你正在参与一个项目，然后你的手机收到一条短信)”可知，上文提到收到了一条短信，故本句应说明短信给你带来的影响：打断你的注意力。故E选项“它的声音大到足以打断你的注意力”符合语境，故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2011,somestudentsattheUniversityofMarylandsawalargeamountoffoodgoingtowasteontheircampus.Theywereso___21___aboutitthattheydecidedtocreateaprogramto___22___theexcess(多余的)foodandsendittopeopleinneedforfree.Later,theFoodRecoveryNetwork(FRN)___23___.Uptonow,FRNhasgrowntobecomeanationwideorganizationwithmany___24___incollegesanduniversitiesaroundtheUS,includingoneattheUniversityofMaryland.Meanwhile,Rochester,acityofAmerica,hasahighrateoffood___25___.Inresponsetoit,aproposalforacommunityfoodsystemplanhasbeen___26___bythecity’sgovernment.Theplanisaimedtooffersafe___27___toallresidents.ThechapterofFRNattheUniversityofMarylandworksto___28___theseattempts.Withitshelp,theworkisprogressing___29___.Thestudentshaverelocatedquantitiesoffoodthatwouldhaveotherwisegonetowaste.EveryFridayafternoon,membersofthechaptermeetto___30___theleftfoodfromthecampus.Thenthefoodissortedanddistributedtothecommunitiesalloverthestate.“Our___31___isrespondingpositively,”onestudentsays.“Whatwedon’twantishavingtoomuchfoodinthekitchen.”Thestudentsdomakea___32___,andtheyevensupplythe___33___mealstothepeopleoutsidethecity.Besides,whattheyhavedoneis___34___totheenvironment.ThankstoFRN,theyhavesuccessfully___35___thereleaseoftonsofcarbondioxidethroughreducingwaste.21.A.delighted B.relaxed C.confused D.concerned22.A.redistribute B.replace C.waste D.label23.A.cameback B.camedown C.cameintobeing D.cametoanend24.A.donations B.chapters C.meals D.teachers25.A.supply B.recognition C.insecurity D.disappearance26.A.doubted B.rejected C.postponed D.submitted27.A.medicine B.shelter C.food D.trip28.A.aid B.assess C.identify D.investigate29.A.randomly B.smoothly C.temporarily D.toughly30.A.collect B.eat C.order D.sell31.A.bank B.home C.company D.school32.A.living B.difference C.fortune D.profit33.A.extra B.dirty C.purchased D.expensive34.A.adaptable B.friendly C.blind D.harmful35.A.allowed B.promoted C.decreased D.received【答案】21.D22.C23.C24.B25.C26.D27.C28.A29.B30.A31.D32.B33.A34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马里兰大学学生发现校园里大量食物被浪费的现象后，创建了食物回收网络这一项目。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们非常担忧这个问题，于是决定创建一个项目，把多余的食物重新分配给有需要的人，免费送给他们。A.delighted高兴的；B.relaxed轻松的；C.confused疑惑的；D.concerned关心的，担忧的。前文提到“In2011,somestudentsattheUniversityofMarylandsawalargeamountoffoodgoingtowasteontheircampus.”（2011年，马里兰大学的一些学生发现校园里有大量食物被浪费。），可知看到食物被浪费应该感到非常痛心非常担忧。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们非常关心这个问题，于是决定创建一个项目，把多余的食物重新分配给有需要的人，免费送给他们。A.redistribute重新分配；B.replace替换；C.waste浪费；D.label贴标签。后文提到“theexcess(多余的)foodandsendittopeoplein_______forfree.”（将多余的食物免费分给有需要的人）由此判断，这些“浪费了的，多余的”食物应该需要重新分配一下，分发给有需要的人。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：后来，食品回收网络(FRN)应运而生。A.cameback回来；B.camedown下来；减轻；C.cameintobeing形成；D.cametoanend结束。前文提到“theydecidedtocreateaprogram”（于是决定创建一个项目）由此判断，正是因为看到了食堂里食物的浪费，所以食品回收网络才因此产生。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，FRN已经发展成为一个全国性的组织，在美国各地的学院和大学都有许多分会，其中包括马里兰大学的一个分会。A.donations捐款；B.chapters章节，分会；C.meals餐食；D.teachers老师。前文提到“becomeanationwideorganization”（成为一个全国性的组织），以及后文中“EveryFridayafternoon,membersofthechaptermeetto________theleftfoodfromthecampus”（周五下午，分会的成员集合到校园里分发剩下的食物）可知，chapter此处为原词复现。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，美国的罗彻斯特市的食品不安全率很高。A.supply供应；储备；B.recognition识别；C.insecurity不安全性；D.disappearance消失。后文提到“Theplanisaimedtooffersafe________toallresidents.”（该计划旨在为所有居民提供安全食品。）由此判断，该市的食品安全率不高所以才要制定计划改善这一现象。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为回应，市政府已经提交了一份社区食品系统计划的提案。A.doubted怀疑；B.rejected拒绝；C.postponed推迟；D.submitted提交。后文提到“Theplanisaimedtooffersafe________toallresidents.”（该计划旨在为所有居民提供安全食品。）说明政府已经提交了这项计划的提案，以提升当地食物安全率。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该计划旨在为所有居民提供安全食品。A.medicine药品；B.shelter住所；C.food食物；D.trip旅行。前文提到“Meanwhile,Rochester,acityofAmerica,hasahighrateoffood________”（与此同时，美国的罗彻斯特市的食品不安全率很高。）由此判断，这一提案的提出是要为当地居民提供安全的食物。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里兰大学FRN分会致力于帮助这些尝试。A.aid帮助；B.assess评估；C.identify识别；查明；D.investigate调查。后文提到“Withitshelp,theworkisprogressing________”（在它的帮助下，这项工作进展得很顺利），说明FRN分会在帮助这些为提高食品安全的尝试。故选A。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在它的帮助下，工作进展顺利。A.randomly随机地；B.smoothly顺利地；C.temporarily暂时地；D.toughly固执地。后文提到“Thestudentshaverelocatedquantitiesoffoodthatwouldhaveotherwisegonetowaste.”（学生们重新分配了大量原本会被浪费掉的食物。），学生们将食物重新分配，说明这项任务进行得十分顺利。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周五下午，分会的成员会聚集在一起收集校园里剩下的食物。A.collect收集；B.eat吃；C.order命令；D.sell卖。后文提到“Thenthefoodis________anddistributedtothecommunitiesalloverthestatebycategory.”（然后将食物分类分发到全州各地的社区。）由此判断，马里兰大学分会应该要先把食物收集起来，才能分到各处。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们学校的反应很积极，”一名学生说。A.bank银行；B.home家；C.company公司；D.school学校。根据“