小学四年级英语语法

PAGEPAGE4智趣外语学校四年级语法大全第一章名词（Noun）名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如apieceofbread(一片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：twopiecesofbread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1.一般情况下在词尾加

s.词尾读音shopshops(商店)在清辅音后读[s]bagbags(书包)在浊辅音后读[z]windowwindows(窗户)在元音后读[z]2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加es。classclasses(班级)词尾读音[iz]boxboxes(盒子)matchmatches(比赛)brushbrushes(刷子)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i加es.storystories(故事)词尾读音[iz]4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加skeykeys词尾读音[z]monkeymonkeys5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomatotomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音[z]potatopotatoes(土豆)zoozoos(动物园)photophotos(照片)*（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，头顶一个大芒果（mango）。6.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为ves.leafleaves(树叶)词尾读音[vz]knifeknives(小刀)*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe变ves的单词）口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加“s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例：roofroofs(屋顶)7.不规则名词复数的变化manmen(男人)toothteeth(牙齿)childchildren(儿童)mousemice(老鼠)footfeet(脚)womanwomen(女人)8.名词单复数形式一样sheepsheep(绵羊)deerdeer（鹿）EnglishEnglish（英国人）ChineseChinese（中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法1.主要是在词尾加’s构成。如:ThisisTom’sdesk.这是汤姆的书桌。ThatisMike’sbook.那是迈克的书。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾s,则仅加一个’.如:theteachers’readingroom教师阅览室thepupils’pencil-boxes学生们的文具盒3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上’s。如：thechildren’spalace少年宫men’sroom男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题写出下列名词的复数形式1.computer____________2.apple____________3.city______________4.house_____________5.sheep_____________6.watch______________7.tomato_____________8.child_____________9.tooth________10.foot______________11.wife_____________12.potato____________13.play_____________14.day____________15.glass______________16.radio______________17.zoo______________18.life______________19.story_____________20.leaf_____________21.baby_____________22.dress_____________23.butterfly_____________24.deer_____________25.class_____________26.brush_____________27.key_____________28.English____________29.mouse____________30.man_____________二、汉译英1．Tom的足球_________________2.老师们的自行车_________________3．学生们的课桌_________________4.哥哥的文具盒_________________5．姑姑的卡片_________________6.猴子们的香蕉_________________7．蚂蚁们的早餐_________________8.妈妈的包_________________9．姐姐的连衣裙_________________10女孩们的苹果_________________三、把下列句子翻译成英文1．这些是Peter的篮球吗？________________________________________2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？___________________________________________3．有一些书在Sam的课桌上。________________________________________4．有一些孩子们在教室里。___________________________________________四、改错（圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.Therearesomebutterflysonthetable.________________________2.ThisisAlicedress.______________________3.Iliketomatoverymuch.__________________五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1．Thisdogisbrown.___________________________________________________2.Thereisabookandapenonthetable.___________________________________________________3.Thatwomanisateacher.___________________________________________________能力测试卷（名词）将下列名词变成复数形式。1.planetreelessonmonthappleshirt2.boxbusbrushwatchclassfox3.knifelifeleafWifethief4.dayboymonkeybabycountrystory5.photoradiopianotomatohero6.childtoothmanSheepEnglishChinese二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“√”1．Thehouseismybrother.________________________2.Hehasvisitedmanycountry.______________________3.TheyareEnglishs.______________________________4.ThisisTomredbike.____________________________三、选择填空1．Therearetwo______intheroom.A.ChinesesB.Englishman2.Theoldmanwillhave___________out.A.twotoothsB.twoteeth3.____________aresoldinthisbookstore.A.Children’sbooksB.Childrenbooks四、改错1.I,youandheareallteachers.______________________________________________________2.Thisismineteddybear.______________________________________________________3.Theseareoursbags.______________________________________________________4.Theseistheirteachers.______________________________________________________第三章数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。最基本的基数词如下表所示：1~1011~1920~1001one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten100onehundred*基数词的写法：21~99的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例：21twenty-one32thirty-two99ninety–nine百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。例：101ahundredandone.320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eight2．序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例，four+thfourthsix+thsixthseven+thseventhten+thtenth2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，onefirsttwosecondthreethirdfivefiftheighteighthnineninthtwelvetwelfth3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i，然后在加eth.例，twentytwentieththirtythirtiethfortyfortiethninetyninetieth两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty–onetwenty-firstthirty-fivethirty-fifthahundredandfifty-threeahundredandfifty-third*基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth,sixth）一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t,d,d；（first，second，third）八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i;th前面有个e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如adesk,atree;an用在元音因素之前，如anapple,anhour,anEnglishbook.不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。Sheisateacher.That’sanorange.定冠词the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。Thisisabus.Thebusisbig.不用冠词的情况：专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese,English,Jim等。名词前已经有this,that,my,your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，thatmouse(那只老鼠)3)一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，athome在家gotoschool去上学*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。1)at____home2)goto_____bed3)goto_____school4)catch______badcold5)have_____goodtime6)______redapple7)_____Englishbook8)______spoon9)_____orange10)______melon11)_______eraser二、选择填空1.Thereis_____“m”intheword“primary”anB.aC.theD./2.Thisis____orangebike.A.aB.anC.theD/3.Italwaystakesushalf_____hourtohave____longwalkaftersupper.A.a,aB,a,theC.an,aD.an,the4.Englishis____usefullanguagein____world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,/D./,the5.Wearegoingto_____cinemathisevening.A.theB./C/aD.an6.He’sstandingon_____othersideof_____river.A.a,aB.the,theC.the,aD.a,the7._____potatoisavegetable,not____fruit.A.The,anB.The,aC.A,theD.An,/8.Hewas_____firsttocome.A.TheB.aC.theD./9.Doyousee____bookon_____table?A.the,aB.a,anC.an,anD.a,the10.Where’s_____desk?It’sin____middleoftheroom.A./,/B./,aC.a,/D.the,the11.Heis_____friendofmine.A.anB./C.theD.a12.Thereis____universitynearthefarm.A.aB.anC.theD./13.Hediedin____autumnof1989.A./B.theC.aD.an14.Ihave____book.It’s_____interestingone.Ilikereading____booksverymuch.A.a,an,/B.a,/,theC.an,an,theD./,an,/15.Todayis_____Children’sDay.A.aB.anC.theD/16.Thisis_____bag.Thatis____eraser.A.a,aB.a,anC.an,aD.an,an四、用代词填空:1._____,_____and____areallgoodfriends.A.We,you,theyB.You,they,weC.We,they,youD.They,you,we2.____classroomisbig,but____ismuchbiggerthan_____.A.We,they,usB.Our,their,ourC.Our,theirs,oursD.Our,theirs,we3.Shelost____pen.Willyoulendher____?A.her,yoursB.his,yourC.hers,youD.their,yourself4.“Whatareyoudoing?”“Iamlookingat_____inthemirror?”A.meB.myselfC.itselfD.himself5.____,____and_____allenjoymusic.A.She,you,IB.I,she,youC.You,she,ID.I,you,she能力测试卷（冠词和数词）写出相邻的数词1.twenty2.five3.twelve4.fifty-eight5.ninety6.seventy7.thirty-eight8.onehundred9.onethousand10.one二、选择正确答案1.Therearedaysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive2.Therearestudentsinthisschool.A.eighthundredsandforty-sixB.eighthundredandfortysixC.eighthundredandforty-sixD.eighthundredforty-six3.Mybrotherisin.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone4.Hewasdoingsomewashing.A.ateightyesterdaymorningB.yesterdaymorningeightC.yesterdaymorningateightD.byeightyesterdaymorning5.Therearemonthsinayear.Decemberisthemonthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth6.Sundayisthedayoftheweek.A.seventhB.firstC.secondD.third7.Autumnisseasoninayear.A.thefourthB.thethirdC.athirdD.third8.TomwastogettoschoolandIwas.A.first;ninthB.thefirst;theninthC.afirst;aninthD.thesecond;theninth9.What’sthedatetoday?It’s.A.FridayB.timetogoC.cloudyD.June4th10.Mondayisthesecondday,and.A.TuesdayisthefourthB.ThursdayisthefifthC.thesecondisTuesdayD.thesecondisThursday第四章一般现在时态一、一般现在时的定义一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。二、一般现在时的结构一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s或-es。现在以连系动词be和行为动词read为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明：动词肯定句否定句beIam…Iamnot…You/We/Theyare…You/We/Theyarenot…He/She/Itis...He/She/Itisnot…readI/We/You/Theyread…I/We/You/They/donotread…He/She/Itreads…He/She/Itdoesnotread…动词疑问句简略答语（肯定）简略答语（否定）beAmI…?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areyou…?Yes,Iam/weare.No,Iam/wearenot.Arewe…?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youarenot.Arethey…?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Ishe…?Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Isshe…?Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Isit…?Yes,itis.No,itisnot.readDoI/we/theyread…?Yes,you/we/theydo.No,you/we/theydonot.Doeshe/she/itread…?Yes,he/she/itdoes.No,he/she/itdoesnot.连系动词be的各种形式常与代词或not缩写成一个词。助动词do，does一般只有与not缩写。联系动词be缩写形式如下肯定缩写否定缩写IamI’mIamnotI’mnotYouareYou’reYouarenotYou’renot/Youaren’tHeisHe’sHeisnotHe’snot/Heisn’tSheisShe’sSheisnotShe’snot/Sheisn’tItisIt’sItisnotIt’snot/Itisn’tWeareWe’reWearenotWe’renot/Wearen’tTheyareThey’reTheyarenotThey’renot/Theyaren’t动词donot的缩写形式为don’t，doesnot的缩写形式为doesn’t。动词加-s或-es（动词第三人称单数）当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es一般在词尾加–s例：work—worksleaveleavesswimswims以字母s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的词加-es例：passpassesfixfixesteachteachesdodoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i再加-es例：studystudiescarrycarriesflyfliescrycries一般现在时的用法表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often（经常）,always（总是）,sometimes（有时）,everyday（每天）,onSundays/Mondays等表示频度的时间状语连用。一般现在时的时间状语有：today,often,sometimes,always,usually,everyday(week,month,year,…),thisyear,onceaweek(month,year,…)一周（月，年）一次例句：Igetupat6o’clockeveryday.Heoftengoestoschoolbybike.表示客观事实，普遍真理。例句：Twoandtwoarefour.二加二等于四。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时态专项练习写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式posteatstopjumpgolikevisitpassrisereadridehavegivewriteswimstudywatchflyteachdo单项选择()1._____youhaveabook?ADoB.AreC.IsD.Have()2.DoesLiLeiliketowatchTV?______________.A.Yes,helike.B.No,hedoesn’t.C.Yes,he’dlike.D.No,helikes.()3.Shedoesn’t______herhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doingB.todoC.doesD.do()4.How____Mr.Smith______toEngland?A.do,goB.is,goC.does,goD.does,goes()5._____she______homeatsixeveryday?A.Is,leaveB.Does,leaveC.Is,leavesD.Does,left用下列动词的适当形式填空1.I______(get)upat6o’clockeveryday.2.Myfather______(have)alovelydog.3.He______(go)toschoolonfoot.4.She______(do)notlikewatchingTV.5.They______(play)footballeverySundayafternoon.按要求完成下列各题1.TomorrowisSaturday.(变成一般疑问句)_________________Saturday?2.Doesheplaybasketballeveryweekend?(肯定回答)Yes,_____________.3.Shelookslikehersister.(变一般疑问句)_____she______likehersister?4.PeterandSamlookthesame.(一般疑问句)______they_____thesame?5.Dotheyalwaysgotothemovie(电影院)onSundays?(否定回答)No,______________.五、英汉互译Tom经常放学后（afterschool）踢足球。__________________________________我喜欢唱歌。__________________________________Heoftengoestoschoolonfoot.__________________________________Childrenliketoplaythisgame.__________________________________今天是星期日。__________________________________能力测试卷（一般现在时）写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式gohaveswimstudyrisestopdoridecrygowriteflyplayreadcomebuygivewatchworkcarry用动词的适当形式填空He_______(go)toschoolonfoot.She_______notlikewatchingTV.(do)Myfather_______(have)alovelydog.Ioften______(get)upatsixeverymorning.Mymother_______(work)inaschool.英汉互译他经常在周六的时候读英语。_____________________________Peter每天都帮助妈妈做家务。______________________________Tomalwaysplaysfootballafterschool.______________________________4．Igetupatsixo’clockeveryday._______________________________5.Thecoatfits(适合)meverywell._______________________________第五章现在进行时态现在进行时的定义现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“系动词（am，is，are）+现在分词（动词加-ing形式）”构成。现在以动词work为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明：肯定句否定句Iamworking.Iamnotworking.Youareworking.Youarenotworking.He/She/Itisworking.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyareworking.We/You/Theyarenotworking.疑问句简略答语AmIworking?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areweworking?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youaren’t.Areyouworking?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,weare.No,wearenot.Ishe/sheitworking?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/she/itisnot.Aretheyworking?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.现在分词的构成一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。staystayingdodoinglistenlistening以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。makemakingrideridinggivegiving以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。putputtingsitsittingrunrunning以ie为重读音节结尾的单词，先去掉e，把i变为y，再加–ing。lielyingdiedying现在进行时的用法表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作，常和下列时间状语连用：now,atthismoment,atpresent,thesedays(years),thisterm…有时也与look,listen等连用。例句：Look,whatarethemonkeyseating?看，那些猴子在吃什么？表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作。例句：Theyarerunningandjumpingallthetime.他们一直在跑啊跳啊。现在进行时态专项练习写出下列动词的现在分词形式stay__________do__________listen__________suffer__________refuse__________close__________operate_________die_________work________spend_________look_________make__________put__________sit__________run__________tie__________take_________give_________ride_________please_________win_________begin_________open_________lie_________用所给动词的适当形式填空MaryandLucyare________(dance)now.Listen!Someoneis_______(play)thepianointhenextroom.Heis__________(sweep)theflooratthemoment.Look!Thecat________________(eat)thefishonthetable.A:______you_______(study)French?B:Yes,Iam.Sheoften____________(dance)afterschool.Myfatherandmother____________(swim)inthepond.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthegarden.Weare__________(watch)TVnow.Bequiet!Thebaby___________(sleep)now.改错Wearecleanningourclassroom.______________________________Sheissinginthenextroom.______________________________Whatamyoudoing?______________________________MaryiscomeingbackfromBeijing.______________________________HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.______________________________Theyisreadingbooksnow.______________________________Mybrotherisplaystheguitarnow._______________________________Sallyisdanceingintheroom._______________________________IwatchingTVathomenow.________________________________Doyoulisteningtheradionow?________________________________英汉互译他正在教室里做作业。______________________________________________WearereadingEnglishnow.______________________________________________Peter和Billy正在操场上（intheplayground）打篮球。______________________________________________Look!Abirdisflyinginthesky.______________________________________________公共汽车来了。______________________________________________刘先生经常在周日的时候（onSundays）看英语书。______________________________________________Heisn’tplayinggames.Heisstudying.______________________________________________孩子们在摘（pick）苹果。______________________________________________Thatsonofyoursisalwaysmakingtroubles(捣乱).______________________________________________10.你们正在做什么?__________________________________________________能力测试卷（现在进行时态）写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式及现在分词形式play________________sit________________do________________stop________________put________________swim________________skate________________dance________________fly________________lie________________二、用动词的适当形式填空1.Iam__________(watch)TVnow.He______________(play)intheclassroomnow.Sheoften__________(dance)afterschool.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthepark.Myparents(父母)________(swim)inthepond.三、改错1.IwatchingTVathomenow.____________________________2.Myfatherisplaysthepiano.____________________________HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.____________________________Theyisreadingbooks._____________________________Sheisdancingintheroom._____________________________英汉互译1．Billy正在教室里做作业。________________________________________MymotheralwayscleansthehouseonSaturdays._________________________________________你正在做什么？_________________________________________他们没有踢足球，他们在打篮球。_________________________________________Thebusiscoming.________________________________________句型一、陈述句定义：凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。肯定句变否定句肯定句变否定句就是加notno或表示否定的词英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中的位置不同时态具体句型句子构成一般现在时动词做谓语主语+be(am/is/are)+not+其他+.实意动词做谓语主语+don’t/doesn’t+其他+.情态动词+实意动词主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他+.现在进行时动词做谓语主语+be动词(am/is/are)+现在分词+其他+.陈述句练习把下列陈述句变成否定句。1.MyfatherwatchesTVeveryday.Myfather_________TVeveryday.2.Kateoftendoesherhomeworkatsix.Kate____often____herhomeworkatsix.3.Igotoschoolatseven.I_______toschoolatseven.4.Sheusuallygoeshomebybus.She____usually____homebybus.5.Theyaregoodstudents.They________goodstudents.6.Heisclever.He________clever.7.Hehassomebreadforbreakfasteverymorning.He____________breadforbreakfasteverymorning.8.Ioftendrinksometeaintheafternoon.I___often________teaintheafternoon.9.Hehassomeeggs.He____________eggs.10.Kimlikeshisnewbike.Kim________hisnewbike.二、疑问句疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。一、一般疑问句：1.一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no来回答。2.一般疑问句的基本结构：be动词（am,is,are）+主语+表语？have动词（表示“有”：have,has）+主语+宾语…？情态动词（can,may,must…）+主语+行为动词（或be）?助动词(do,does)+主语+行为动词？助动词（shall,will,have,has…）+主语+行为动词（或be）?3.变一般疑问句的方法：（一调，二变，三问号）当句中有Be(am,is,are)动词的时候：1、将Be(am,is,are)提前，放于句首（大写）；2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）3、在句尾加问号“？”4、回答：肯定：Yes,主语+be.否定：No,主语+be+not.当句中没有Be动词，有情态动词的时候：1、提前can,may，放于句首（大写）；2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）3、在句尾加问号“？”4、回答：肯定：Yes,主语+can.否定：No,主语+can+not.句中没有Be动词和情态动词can的时候：在句首加Do或Does，当主语是第三人称单数的时候用Does，其它都用Do2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）3、在句尾加问号“？”4、回答：肯定：Yes,主语+do/does否定：No,主语+do/does+not.其它在句中要变换的词有some→any,am→are英语里只有三种人称.第一人称：我,我们,(I),we【me,us】(我),我们第二人称：你,你们,(you),you【you,you】(你),你们第三人称：他，她，它(he,she,it,)【him,her,it】他们they【them】还有一些人名也算第三人称,比如Kangkang,Jane.像yourfather(你的爸爸)这也算第三人称.第三人称单数指他(he)她(she)它(it)或者单个人名,第三人称复数是都用they他们/她们/它们此外，不可数名词在用法上也同于第三人称单数。二、特殊疑问句：以疑问代词what,who(whom),whose,which或疑问副词when,where,how,why放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答，不用yes或no。1.疑问词+一般疑问句（疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语）。Whatdoyouwant?你要什么？WhendoyouhaveEnglishclass?你们什么时候有英语课？Whosecoatisthis?这是谁的大衣？Howdidheknowit?他是怎么知道它的？Whydidyousaythis?你为什么要这么说？Whichisyourumbrella?哪个是你的雨伞？Wherewerethesebusesmade?这些巴士是哪儿制造的？2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与陈述句相同：疑问代词（+名词）+谓语。WhoteachesyourbrotherJapanese?谁教你弟弟日语？Whatisintheboxonthetable?桌上那个盒子里装的是什么？Whosehandwritingisthebestinyourclass?你们班里谁的书法最好？*疑问代词：who:主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人”的各种成分。whose:用来提问“谁的”。which:用来提问“哪一个/位”。what:提问表示“干什么”等意思*疑问副词：when:提问在何时。where:提问在何地why:提问表示原因的短语或句子how:提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语*由疑问词how构成的短语引导的问句howold(表示年龄)多大了,howlong（表示时间或物体的长短）有多长,howmany+复数名词表示多少,howmuch+不可数名词表示多少,howfar（表示距离）多远疑问句专项练习按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。1.It’salargeroom.(改为复数形式)_____________largerooms.2.Hehastobuyadictionaryforhisdaughter.(改为否定句)He______________tobuyadictionaryforhisdaughter.3.UncleWanglikesmakingthings.(改为否定句)UncleWang______________makingthings.4.Annreturnedthebooktothelibraryyesterday.(改写为一般疑问句)______Ann_______thebooktothelibraryyesterday?.5.Thehospitalisabout300metersaway.(就划线部分提问)_______________isthehospital?6.Therearefifty-twostudentsinourclass.(就划线部分提问)______________studentsarethereinyourclass?7.Iwritetomymotheronceaweek.(就划线部分提问)____________doyouwritetoyourmother?8.Hehasthreepens.(就划线部分提问)______________pensdoeshehave?9.Sheistenyearsold.(就划线部分提问)_______________isshe?10.Theyhaveaclassmeetingeveryotherweek.(改为否定句)They______________aclassmeetingeveryotherweek.11.Shehasdinnerwithhergrandparentsonceaweek.（改为一般疑问句）______she_______dinnerwithhergrandparentsonceaweek?12.Thiskindofcoldcomesandgoesveryquickly.（改为一般疑问句）_______thiskindofcold______and______veryquickly?13.Hespentawholemorningcleaningtheroom.（就划线部分提问）__________________he______cleaningtheroom.14.Mybrotherhaslunchattheschooleveryday.（改为一般疑问句）________yourbrother________lunchattheschooleveryday?15.Putthebookonthedesk.（否定句）____________thebookonthedesk.16.Hisbikewasboughtyesterday.（就划线部分提问）_____________wasboughtyesterday?17.Shedoesmorningexerciseseveryday.(否定句)She______________morningexerciseseveryday.18.Mymotherisverywell.(就划线部分提问)_______isyourmother?19.Shehastostayathome.(改为一般疑问句)_______she_______tostayathome.20.Tomhaslunchatschooleveryday.(改为一般疑问句)_______Tom______lunchatschooleveryday.三、祈使句一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否定句一般用don’t,never开始。1．肯定祈使句句型1：动词let+第一、三人称宾格代词+V.例句：Let’sgotoschool.让我们去上学吧。Letmetry.让我试一试。Lethimcomeupstairs.让他上楼吧。句型2：动词+其他部分例句：Pleaseopenthedoor.请开门。Turntopagetwo.请将书翻到第二页。Listentome.请听我讲。Stoptalking.别说话。二、否定祈使句（一般在句首加Don’t.）1．Climbthetree,please.请爬树。（肯定句）Don’tclimbthetree!不要爬树。（否定句）2．Openthedoor.打开门。（肯定句）Don’topenthedoor.不要开门。（否定句）三、陈述句变祈使句1．Youcan’tmakefacesinclass.你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。Don’tmakefacesinclass.不要在课堂上做鬼脸。2．Youcan’treadinbed.你不要在床上看书。Don’treadinbed.不要在床上看书。祈使句专项训练连词成句并改写成否定句。on\walk\the\grass________________________________________________________________________________________________2.ride\a\here\bike________________________________________________________________________________________________二、按要求改写下列句子1．Shelikesplayingbasketballafterschool.(否定句)_________________________________________________2.Hedidhishomeworkyesterdayevening.(一般疑问句)_________________________________________________3.Tomwrotealettertohismotheryesterday.(否定句)_________________________________________________4.Mymothercanmakekites.(一般疑问句)_________________________________________________5.Therearesomedictionariesonthedesk.(否定句)_________________________________________________四、therebe与have\has句型“Therebe”句型“Therebe+某（些）人或物+某地（或某时）”是指“某地（时）存在某人（或某物）”。谓语be必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数又有复数，be的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。（一）结构Therebe(is\are)+某……Thereis+=1\*GB3①可数名词单数=2\*GB3②不可数名词2）Thereare+可数名词复数（二）用法肯定句：Thereis\are+_________.否定句：Thereis\are+not____________一般疑问句：Is\Are+there…?Yes,thereis\are.No,thereis\arenot.（三）Therebe句型中的be与离它最近的名词有关。例，Thereisanappleandtwopearsonthetable.Therearetwopearsandanappleonthetable.二、have\has句型是指某人有某物(表示所有、拥有关系)I\We\You\They\人名（复数）\事物（复数）+have…He\She\It\人名（单数）\事物（单数）+has…句型专项练习题用“have,therebe”的适当形式填空He_________alotoffriends.__________________fourseasonsinayear.She_________sevensons.__________________anymilkinthecup?Beijing________manyuniversities.We_______alotofworktodo.__________________abookandtwopensonthetable.They______manybeautifulflowers.__________________threepencilsandarulerinthepencil-box.Myfather_______