山东师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士专业硕士英语历年考研真题及详解

目录

2011年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2012年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2013年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2014年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2015年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2016年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2011年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

I.VocabularyandGrammaticalStructure(30points)

SectionA

Directions:Thereare15sentencesinthissection.Eachsentenceinthis

sectionhasawordorphraseunderlined.Thereare4wordsorphrases

beneatheachsentence.

Choosetheonewhichwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentence

ifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.

1．Wewereallscaredwhenweheardsomeweirdshrieksintheforest.

A.strange

B.agonizing

C.wild

D.sad

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我们在森林里听到一些奇怪的尖叫声时都很害怕。

weird怪异的。agonizing痛苦难忍的。

2．Thewordingofthetreatyisloose,ifnotevasive.

A.impertinent

B.misleading

C.redundant

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果不是为了推脱的话，这个条约的措辞很不精确。

evasive逃避的；托辞的。misleading误导性的。impertinent不恰当的；无

礼的。redundant多余的，过剩的。

3．ForthehomelesschildrenstayingatRafaelHouseinSanFrancisco,

schooldaysbeginwithprayersandthepledgeofallegiance.

A.sympathy

B.loyalty

C.hostility

D.revenge

【答案】B

【解析】句意：对于住在旧金山拉菲尔大厦(RafaelHouse)无家可归的孩

子来说，上学的日子以祈祷和效忠宣誓开始。allegiance效忠，忠诚。

hostility敌意。revenge报复。

4．Itwasinappropriateforyoutomocktheman’smisshapenbodyand

failinglimbs.

A.touch

B.resent

C.protect

D.ridicule

【答案】D

【解析】mock嘲弄。ridicule嘲笑；嘲弄。resent怨恨。

5．Itisobviousthatthetrendtowardsmallerfamilieswillcontinue

unabated.

A.unparalleled

B.unchallenged

C.atfullstrength

D.ataslowspeed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：很明显，小型家庭的趋势将持续下去。unabated不减弱

的。unparalleled无比的；无双的。

6．Thegeneralelectioncampaignwillbeunderconstantinternational

scrutiny.

A.investigation

B.examination

C.promotion

D.administration

【答案】B

【解析】句意：大选将受到国际社会的密切监督。scrutiny详细审查；

监视。

7．Johnwentoutofhisofficeinordertocalmtheturmoilwithinhim.

A.passion

B.emotion

C.difference

D.disturbance

【答案】D

【解析】句意：约翰走出办公室，以平息内心的骚动。turmoil混乱，骚

动。disturbance干扰；骚乱。

8．Relationsbetweenthemwouldbemuchmoreharmoniousifonlythere

werealittlemoregiveandtake.

A.sufficientcontributions

B.mutualconcessions

C.friendlyconversions

D.frequentconsultations

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果他们俩能互相迁就，他们之间的关系会更加和谐。

giveandtake平等交换；互相迁就。mutualconcessions相互让步。

9．Shekeptaskingmetogoshoppingwithher.Intheend,itgotonmy

nerves.

A.annoyedme

B.distractedme

C.impressedme

D.convincedme

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她一直让我和她一起去购物，最后我感到很烦。geton

one’snerves惹人烦。

10．Hesatinthecenteroftheroomwiththecommunicationssystemand

ancillaryequipment.

A.audible

B.auxiliary

C.authentic

D.auspicious

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他坐在有通讯系统和辅助设备房间的中央。ancillary辅

助的。auxiliary辅助的。audible听得见的。authentic真正的，真实的。

auspicious吉兆的。

11．Mr.Robinsonoftenpridedhimselfonthefactthathealwayscalleda

spadeaspade.

A.completedhisduties

B.workeddiligently

C.pokefrankly

D.kepthisword

【答案】C

【解析】句意：罗宾逊先生经常以自己直言不讳的性格为豪。calla

spadeaspade直言不讳。

12．Mary’sparentstaughtheralwaystobebenevolent.

A.hardworking

B.kindhearted

C.honest

D.brave

【答案】B

【解析】句意：玛丽的父母教导她要仁慈。benevolent仁慈的，善心

的。kindhearted仁慈的，好心肠的。

13．Shewenttothecountrytorecuperateafterherlongillness.

A.convene

B.converse

C.converge

D.convalesce

【答案】D

【解析】recuperate复原；休养。convalesce恢复健康，康复。convene召

集。converse谈话，交谈。converge聚集；靠拢。

14．Allthestaffmembersofthedevelopmentmadezealouseffortstoclean

upthehallfortheirparty.

A.gigantic

B.concerted

C.enthusiastic

D.dedicated

【答案】C

【解析】句意：所有的工作人员都积极地为他们的聚会打扫大厅。

zealous热心的，热情的。gigantic巨大的。concerted协调的。dedicated专

注的；献身的。

15．TheChancellorignoredthefactthathewasthecenterofcriticismand

stucktohisreforms.

A.discharged

B.disregarded

C.disguised

D.disposed

【答案】B

【解析】句意：总理不顾自己成为批评的焦点而坚持自己的改革。

disregard忽视；不理。discharge解雇；卸下。disguise掩饰；假装。

dispose处理；处置。

SectionB

Directions:Thereare15sentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentence

thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestonethat

completesthesentence.

16．_________tothequestionofrefreshments,Ishouldthinklemonadeand

sandwicheswillbeenough.

A.Prior

B.As

C.Due

D.According

【答案】B

【解析】句意：至于茶点而言，我认为柠檬水和三明治就足够了。asto

至于；就……而论。priorto在……之前。

17．Itwasrecommendedthatthepharmaceuticalcompany_____

permissiontosellthemedicineforroutineuse.

A.tobegive

B.isgiven

C.istobegiven

D.begiven

【答案】D

【解析】Itwasrecommendedthat后应该接shoulddo，should可省略。the

pharmaceuticalcompany与give之间是被动关系，因此应该用被动语态。

18．I’mworried.Theywere_____beforenightfall.

A.toarrive

B.arriving

C.tohavearrived

D.tobearriving

【答案】A

【解析】betodosth.在这里表示将来按计划或安排要做的事。

19．Ifyoufeellike_____awalkaftersuper,I’dliketogowithyou.

A.totake

B.taking

C.for

D.andtake

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果你想在晚饭后散步，我想和你一起去。feellike

doing想做……。

20．ItwasatMary’shome_____wemetforthefirsttime.

A.when

B.which

C.there

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查强调句型，其形式为Itis/was+被强调部分+that(who)

+句子其他部分。

21．ItistruethatBobsplanisinferior_____Jacksinmanyrespects.

A.than

B.to

C.by

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】beinferiorto劣于，次于。这个词组本身就有比较的含义，不

需要再接than。

22．Iwantedtobuyanewcomputerthisyear,butmybrotherrejectedthe

idea_____atriptothebeach.

A.infavorof

B.insteadof

C.inviewof

D.incaseof

【答案】A

【解析】“reject...infavorof...”的意思为“反对……而赞成……”。inview

of鉴于；考虑到。incaseof万一；如果发生。

23．ThemomentI_____myworkreport,wewillgoandplaygolf.

A.wouldfinish

B.shallfinish

C.finished

D.finish

【答案】C

【解析】themoment等在引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主

句用一般将来时。

24．Thecompoundscouldnothavebeenformedifthechemicalreaction

_____stopped

A.havebeen

B.was

C.hadbeen

D.were

【答案】C

【解析】这句话是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句为过去完成

时，主句为would(should,could,might)+havedone。

25．TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysof

doingthings,_____isoftenthecaseinothercountries.

A.as

B.that

C.so

D.it

【答案】A

【解析】asisoftenthecase为固定搭配，意思是“情况常常如此；这是常

有的事”。

26．Greatlyagitated,Irushedtotheapartmentandtriedthedoor,_____to

finditlocked.

A.just

B.thus

C.hence

D.only

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我感到很不安，匆忙赶回到公寓，试了下门，却发现已

经锁上了。onlytodo为不定式表示结果，通常是不好的结果。

27．Comewhat_____,we’renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohis

unreasonabledemands.

A.must

B.may

C.could

D.would

【答案】B

【解析】句意：无论怎样，我们都不会对他的无理要求做出任何让步。

comewhatmay为固定短语，意思是“无论怎样，不管怎样”。

28．_____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnext

month.

A.Wedidnotmake

B.Havingnotmake

C.Wehadnotmade

D.Nothavingmade

【答案】D

【解析】这句话中前半句和后半句的主语都是we，所以动词应该用主动

形式。由于做准备发生在开会之前，所以用完成时。

29．Scarcely_____himselfinhisseatsinthetheaterwhenthecurtainwent

up.

A.hashesettled

B.didhesettle

C.hadhesettled

D.wouldhesettle

【答案】C

【解析】scarcely为否定意义的词，放于句首时应该倒装。由于“settlein

hisseat”这个动作发生在“wentup”之前，因此应该用过去完成时。

30．Iwilldomybesttogetthebookforyou_____Icouldrememberwho

borrowedit.

A.exceptthat

B.ifonly

C.onconditionthat

D.consideringwhether

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果我记得谁借了这本书，我会尽最大的努力帮你拿

到。onconditionthat倘若，如果。ifonly要是……多好。

II.ReadingComprehension:(40points)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyquestionsor

unfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand

D.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.

TextA

Lastyear,whenPresidentGeorgeW.Bushannouncedthatfederalfunds

couldbeusedtosupportresearchonhumanembryonicstemcells,he

mandatedthatonlythosecelllinesthatexistedatthetimewouldqualifyfor

suchsupport.Morethanayearlaterit’sbecomingincreasinglyclearthat

theseexistingcelllinesareinadequate.Unlessmorearecreated,theresearch

slowdownmayexactastaggeringcostintermsofhumansuffering.

Sincethisannouncement,theU.SNationalInstitutesofHealthhastriedto

stimulateresearchontheexistingcelllineswithnewfundingandeffortsto

streamlinetheinitiallycumbersomeprocessofobtainingapprovedcells.

However,whetherthereare60celllines,asoriginallystated,ornine,asnow

appeartobeavailabletoNIH-fundedinvestigators,thenumberisnot

adequate.Giventhegeneticdiversitywithinthepopulation,scientistsneed

accesstonewcelllinesiftheyaretocomeupwiththemosteffectivecell

therapies.

Theissueispartlyoneofsafety.Inconductingresearchwithhuman

participants,wemustminimizerisks.Themosteffectivecelllinemightnot

bethesafest.Whendevelopinganewmedicine,alargenumberofmolecules

mustbescreenedtofindabalancebetweeneffectivenessandsafety.The

sameistruewithcells:Inthecontextofcelltherapy,itwillbeimportantto

minimizeunwantedimmunereactionsandinflammation.Thisrequires

selectionfromalargenumberofcelllinestoobtainthebestmatch.

It’sclearfromexperimentswithanimalsthatstem--celltherapiescanreduce

humansuffering.Parkinsonianmicehavebeencuredwithembryonicstem

cellsthatwereprogrammedtobecomedopamine-secreting,replacement

nervecells.Soon,cellsinducedtomakeinsulinintissuecultureswillbeused

inattemptstotreatdiabeticmice.Similarsuccesseshavebeenachievedin

animalmodelsofspinalcordinjury,heartfailureandotherdegenerative

disorders.Weareatafrontierinmedicinewheretissueswillberestoredin

waysthatwerenotimaginablejustafewyearsago.Theethicalissuesraised

byhuman-embryoresearchareprofound.Thehumancostsofrestrictingthis

researchmustbetakenintoaccountaswell.Thecostindollarsofdelaying

newstem-cellresearchisdifficulttoestimate.Itmightmeasureinthe

hundredsofbillionsofdollars,especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityof

individualswhomustleaveworktocareforvictimsofdegenerative

disorders.

Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamagetothefabricofAmerica’s

extraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnicaldevelopmentinbiomedical

science.Ouruniversitiesandteachinghospitalsareunparalleled.Weattract

theverybeststudents,scientistsandphysiciansfromaroundtheworld.But

theseinstitutionsarefragile.Researchandeducationplaykeyrolesin

attractingthebestphysicians.Acrippledresearchenterprisemightaddan

unbearablestresswithlong-lastingeffectsontheentiresystem.If

revolutionarynewtherapiesaredelayedoroutlawed,wecouldbesetback

foryears,ifnotdecades.

Tosteerclearofcontroversy,someinvestigatorswillredirecttheirresearch.

Otherswillemigratetocountrieswheresuchresearchisallowedand

encouraged.Somewilldropoutentirely.Thepallcastoverthescience

communitycouldextendfarbeyondstem-cellresearch.Manytherapieshave

emergedfromcollaborationbetweengovernment-sponsoredresearchersand

privateenterprise.Fewofthesediscoverieswouldhaveemergedii,for

instance,recombinantDNAresearchhadbeenoutlawed30yearsago.We

facethesametypeofdecisiontodaywithlimitsplacedonhumanembryonic

stemcells.

Safeguardswillbenecessary.Butifwedonotproceedembracingthevalues

ofobjective,open,inquirywithcompletesharingofmethodsandresults,the

fieldwillbelefttolessrigorousfringegroupshereandabroad.Patientsand

societywillsuffer.

31．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thattheauthor_____.

A.isinfavorofstem-cellresearch

B.welcomestheresearchslowdown

C.takesaneutralstandontheresearch

C.thinksitessentialtospeeduptheresearch

32．Theword“streamline”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans______.

A.strengthen

B.simplify

C.ascertain

C.subvert

33．Allofthefollowingaretheconsequencesoftheresearchslowdown

EXCEPT______.

A.thenegativeimpactontechnicaladvancement

B.thedetrimenttothecultureofinquiry

C.thelossofone’sproductivity

C.thecollapseofAmericandreams

34．WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchisTRUE?

A.Someresearchersaredubiousofthefeasibilityoftheresearch.

B.Privateenterprisedoesn’tshowtheinterestintheresearch.

C.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweencautionandaudacity.

D.Manyresearchershavegivenuptheirresearch.

35．Themostsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.

A.TheCellLines

B.TheStem-cellResearch

C.TheDangersofDelay

D.CostsonAmericanPatients

【答案与解析】

31．A作者在第一段最后一句说到“Unlessmorearecreated，theresearch

slowdownmayexactastaggeringcostintermsofhumansuffering”，即如

果找不到更多的细胞株，研究就会停下来，这将使人类遭受巨大的损

失。由此可见，作者是支持干细胞研究的。

32．B第二段第一句的意思为，自从布什政府宣布可用联邦基金支持干

细胞研究后，美国国立卫生研究院就努力投入新资金来推动现有细胞系

的研究并努力来streamline原先获取细胞的繁琐过程。既然原来的过程是

很繁琐的，那需要做的就是简化这一过程。

33．D由第四段最后一句“Itmightmeasureinthehundredsofbillionsof

dollars，especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityofindividuals”可知C是

后果之一。第五段首句提到“Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamageto

thefabricofAmerica’sextraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnical

development...”，因此A和B也符合文意。只有D未提及，故为答案。

34．C最后一段最后三句提到“Safeguardswillbenecessary.Butifwedo

notproceedembracingthevaluesofobjective,open,inquiry...Patientsand

societywillsuffer”，即有必要采取预防措施，但是如果人们只重视安全

问题，不继续探索……那么病人和社会就要遭受痛苦。由此可见，干细

胞研究既要谨慎也要有冒险精神。

35．C第一段最后一句作者就表明观点：如果找不到更多的细胞株，研

究就会停下来，这将使人类遭受极大的痛苦。第四段首句表明动物实验

证明干细胞疗法能减轻人类的病痛。第四段和第五段提到了干细胞研究

停滞会带来的后果，因此这项研究不能拖延。

TextB

Judgingfromtalesabouttheriseandfallofempires,thereisalwaysapoint

whenthingsaregoingsowellthattheemperorsdoubtthatanythingcould

evergowrong.“Thrift,”warnedNero’sadviserSeneca,“comestoolate

whenyoufinditatthebottomofyourpurse.”IntheOldWorld,nationsgrew

fatandthenlazy,untiltheycollapsedundertheirownweight.Butthatwas

nottobeourstory.Americangreatness—thevisionofthefounders,the

courageofthepioneers,theindustryofthenationbuilders—reflecteda

mightyfaithinthepowerofsacrificeasamusclethatmadeyoungnations

strong.Bankswerelikegymsforthesoul:thefirstsavingsbanksinBoston

andNewYorkwereorganizedascharities,where"bumblejourneymen"

couldexercisegoodjudgment,storetheirmoneyandnotbetemptedtowaste

itondrink.ArchitectLouisSullivancarvedthewordTHRIFToverthedoor

ofhis"jewelbox"banknearlyacenturyago,foritwasprivatevirtuethat

madepublicprosperitypossible.

Thatvirtuediedwiththebabyboom,butithadbeenailingeversincethe

Depression,arguesculturalhistorianDavidTuckerintheDeclineofThriftin

America.Thatcrisis,hewrites,invitedeconomiststorecastthriftas“the

contemptiblevicewhichthrewsandinthegearsofourconsumereconomy.”

AWhiteHousereportin1931urgedparentstoletchildrenpickouttheirown

clothesandfurniture,therebycreatinginthechild“asenseofpersonalas

wellasfamilyprideinownership,andeventuallyteachinghimthathis

personalitycanbeexpressedthroughthings.”

Somewherealongtheway,thriftdidnotjuststopbeingavalue;itbecamea

folly.Savingwasforsuckers;you’dmisstheride,dieleavingmoneyonthe

tablewhenyoucouldhaveliveditup.Therearenopocketsinashroud,as

thesayinggoes.Weoncesavedabout15%ofourincome.Bytheroaring80s

theratewas4%;nowwe’reinnegativenumbers.BobHopelikedtojokethat

“abankisaplacethatwilllendyoumoneyifyoucanprovethatyoudon’t

needit.”Butthattoochangedaseasycreditbloomedandusurybecame

anotherofthosevicesthathadsomehowlostitsjuice.TheaverageAmerican

hasninecreditcardswithatotal$17,000balance.Weborrowagainstour

housesandpensionstoliveinawaythatdaresustoactuallygrowold.

“Neverinvestinanyideayoucan’tillustratewithacrayon.”Fidelity

mastermindPeterLynchadvised,butweembracedallkindsofinvestments

aboutwhichweunderstoodnothingexceptthehollowpromisethatthey

wouldneverfail.Whentheeconomybegantoswoonwekeptspending,

effectivelysendingourselvesrebatechecksfromaccountsalreadyway

overdrawn,asifitwouldmakeusfeelbettertobuyanewTVandchargeit

toourkids.

GeorgeW.Bushhasneverbeenreluctanttoframe.Policydebatesinmoral

terms,targetingan“axisofevil”,castingtaxcutsastheremovalofunfair

burdensonhardworkingpeople,callingtariffreductionamoralimperative.

Butthriftisonevirtueheneverinvokes,andarestorationofrestraintisa

strainofconservatismheseldompromotes.Infact,itwasafterthemost

tragicdayinmodernU.S.history,whenBushurgedpeoplewhowantedto

helptogoshopping,thatprofligacyofficiallyreplacedprudenceasapatriotic

duty.

There’snowaytotellduringthiscurrentdistresswhetherwe’rerepentingor

justretrenching.Thriftstoresalesareup.Catsareshrinking.P.Diddyretired

hisprivatejettosaveongas.Inhardtimes,peopleoftenrediscoverthepeace

thatprudencebrings,whenyoutrytospendalittlelessthanyouhave

becausetomorrowmightbeworse.Butthatfeelsalmostun-American;we’re

optimistsbynature,andwe’vebeenlivinglargeforsolongthatsolvency

feelslikeasacrifice.Itwilltakesomesustainedcharactereducation—and

leadership—tounderstandthatmorninginAmericaismorelikelytocome

againifweprepareformidnight.

36．WhatcontributedtotheboomingofAmericaninitsearlydays

accordingtotheauthor?

A．Frugality.

B．Banking.

C．Courage.

D．Charity.

37．ThrifthadbeendeclininginAmericasincetheDepression,

because_____.

A．Americasawababyboom.

B．thecountryhadbeenstrongerandmoreprosperous.

C．economistsbelieveditcouldobstructeconomicdevelopment.

D．banksencouragedpeopletospend.

38．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementis

CORRECT?

A．SomeAmericanssavebecausetheywanttoenjoythemselves.

B．Americanstendtobeindebtbecauseofoverspending.

C．PresidentBushoftenputsemphasisonmoral.

D．ThriftisbelievedasanactofpatriotisminAmerica.

39．Theauthorislikelytoagreethat_____.

A．thriftshouldbeblamedfortheDepression.

B．childrenshoulddevelopasenseofownership.

C．peopleshouldbecarefulinspending.

D．itisnotwisetomakeinvestment.

40．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A．Tocriticizebanksthatnowindulgepeopletospendinsensibly.

B．ToanalyzecausesofAmericaneconomiccrisis.

C．Toraisepeople’sconsciousnessofprudentspending.

D．TocallforAmericanleaderstolearnfromnationbuilders.

【答案与解析】

36．A第一段第五句提到“thepowerofsacrificeasamusclethatmade

youngnationsstrong”即牺牲是使美国变得强大的力量。根据后面说

到“Bankswerelike...andnottobetemptedtowasteitondrink”和“Architect

LouisSullivan...thatmadepublicprosperitypossible”，因此，我们可以判

断出“牺牲”在这里指的是“节俭”，故答案为A。

37．C第二段第二句提到“Thatcrisis,hewrites,invitedeconomicstorecast

thriftas‘thecontemptiblevicewhichthrewsandinthegearsofour

consumereconomy’”即那场经济危机使经济学家们重塑节俭，将其定义

为’在我们的消费经济齿轮上撒沙的可鄙恶习’。由此可见，这些经济学

家认为节俭阻碍了经济的发展，是经济大萧条以来节俭开始衰落的原

因，故答案为C。

38．B由第三段可以看出，美国人确实希望享受生活，但他们认为享受

生活的方式是liveitup，即过豪华奢侈的生活，因此排除A项；第四段

的首句大意为布什喜欢在政治辩论中使用道德术语，而并不是他重视道

德，排除C；第四段说明挥霍被普遍认为是一种爱国行动，而不是节

俭，排除D；从第四段的第四、五句中我们可知，美国人通常的消费方

式是支出大于收入，他们甚至认为不负债就是一种节俭。由此可见，美

国人通常都是负债的，答案为B。

39．C第二段开始提到经济大萧条后人们的节俭意识下降，而没有说节

俭导致了经济萧条，排除A；第三段作者提到了对投资的态度，即不

要“investmentsaboutwhichweunderstoodnothing”，而不是不要进行投

资，因此排除D;第三段中作者对过度的、不理性的消费进行了批评，

可见他会赞成谨慎的消费，故答案为C。

40．CA在文中有涉及但不是整个文章的主旨；文中只提到了经济危

机，并没有分析其原因，故B排除；D项太宽泛，文章开头就指出历史

上帝国的兴衰沉浮证明了“兴于俭，衰于奢”。最后一段作者明确提出在

经济危机时节俭的必要性，故答案为C。

TextC

JohnJuliusNorwichistheauthorofmorethanadozenbooksonNorman

Sicily,theSahara,MountAthosandtheVenetianandByzantineempires.

Yetevenhisimmenseknowledgeisnotenoughtokeephislatestchronicleof

5,000yearsofMediterraneanhistoryappearingsomewhatlopsided.

LordNorwich’sfirsttest,henotesinhisintroductiontoTheMiddleSea,was

tocompensateforanignoranceofSpain.Herecordsthathewasfortuitously

invitedtodinnerby“mydearfriend”theSpanishambassadortoLondonand

“afewweekslatertherecameaninvitationfornaywifeandmetospendten

daysinSpain.”Itishardtobelievethatwasalltheefforthemade,forhe

acquitshimselfwell,evenintheconvoluteddiplomacythatendedinthewar

oftheSpanishsuccession.

LordNorwich’ssecondtaskwastostrikeabalanceovertime.TheMiddle

SeareachesfromancientEgypttothefirstworldwar.Likemanylong,

chronologicalnarratives,itbecomesprogressivelymoredetailed,thoughitis

debatablewhetherthisisagoodthing.Fewpeoplehavechangedtheregion

asmuchastheRomans,yettheirrepublic’sfivecenturiesgetonlyapage

morethanthegreatsiegeofGibraltarwhichbeganin1779.

LordNorwich’sfinal,andarguablymostimportant,challengeistheareathat

ismostlikelytoengagemodernreaders:theintermittent,butfrequently

savage,conflictbetweenMuslimsandChristians.Impatientwiththenotion,

echoedmostrecentlyanddisastrouslybyPopeBenedict,thattheKoran

sanctionsthespreadingofIslambythesword,LordNorwichisno

Islamophobe.HeishostiletotheCrusadesandfulsomeinhispraiseofthat

traditionalWesternschoolbookvillain,Saladi.

YethisaccountremainsdisappointinglyfocusedfromChristendom

outwards.ItistruethatMuslimsdoappearinhisbook—usuallyinbattle—

buttheyrarelyspeak.Onlytwoitemsinthe170-volumebibliographyareby

ArabscholarsandonlyoneisbyaTurk.Thisisunabashedlyhistoryofthe

oldschool:Eurocentric(Octavian,theauthordeclareswithoutirony,wasthe

“undisputedmasteroftheknownworld”)andlargelyuninterestedinwhat

othereconomic,socialandtechnologicalchangesmayhaveshapedevents.

WhatfiresLordNorwichisrecountingthedoingsofprincesandpreachers,

warriors,courtiersandcourtesans.Andhedoesitwithconsummateskill.He

spiceshisnonnativeliberallywithentertaininganecdotes,deftportraitsand

briskjudgments.Aristotle,forexample,isgivenshortshriftas“oneofthe

mostreactionary.intellectualsthateverlived”.LordNorwich’scontrolofhis

vastandcomplexsubjectmatterismasterly.Andthesubjectmatteritselfis

ascolourfulashistorycanget.Nosoonerhavereadersbiddenfarewelltoa

short,fat,dissolutesultan,SelimtheSot,thantheyencounterthe“piratical

Uskoks,aheterogeneous,butexceedinglytroublesomecommunity”.

Althoughfewwillresistthetemptationtokeepturningthepages,readerswill

closethismonumentalworkexhilaratedandinformed,butwithplentyof

questionsstillunanswered.

41．Accordingtotheauthor,LordNorwich’snewbookonMediterranean

historyis_____.

A.cynical

B.comprehensive

C.partial

D.equivocal

42．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.

A.thestoryofSpainiscomparativelylessreferredto

B.theSpanishambassadorandLordNorwichareclosefriends

C.thechaptersofthebookareofthesamelength

D.today’sreadersarefedupwithseeingconflicts

43．WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutTheMiddleSea?

A.ThereshouldbemorepagesabouttheRomans.

B.LordNorwichwritesquitewellforthepartofSpain.

C.LordNorwichholdsanegativeattitudetotheCrusades.

D.NorwichagreeswithPopeBenedictonthespreadingofIslam.

44．Accordingtothetext,LordNorwichisprobably_____.

A.anegocentricman

B.aconservative

C.amodestscholar

Danobleman

45．TheauthorsoverallcommentonLordNorwich’sbookisoneof_____.

A.disapproval

B.impartiality

C.ambiguity

D.extolment

【答案与解析】

41．C根据第一段最后一句“Yetevenhisimmense...somewhatlopsided”可

知，作者认为他.尽管知识渊博，但他最近一部记述地中海沿岸5000年

历史的编年体著作仍免不了有失偏颇。这里的lopsided与partial同义，故

C为正确选项。

42．A由第二段第一句可知，LordNorwich在TheMiddleSea这本书的引

言中表明其写作是对之前忽视西班牙历史的一种补偿。由此可以推断出

在过去的历史著作中西班牙历史经常不被人提及，A项符合题意。

43．D第四段第二句指出，有人认为，古兰经是允许伊斯兰教进行武力

扩张的，可悲的是，最近本笃教皇也附和了这一观点。诺威奇对这种观

点很反感，他并没有"伊斯兰恐惧症"。因此D项正确。

44．B倒数第二段指出“Thisisunabashedlyhistoryoftheoldschool”，即

这是守旧派记述历史的突出风格，说明LordNorwich比较保守，因此B

项正确。

45．B本文开篇指出LordNorwich的新书是lopsided(有失偏颇的)。第二

段指出西班牙那部分“heacquitshimselfwell(写得很好)”；第三段对各时

期的史实等量齐观的做法提出质疑。最后一段进行了总结：“Although

fewwillresistthetemptationtokeepturningthepages,readerswillclosethis

monumentalworkexhilaratedandinformed,butwithplentyofquestionsstill

unanswered”。这说明作者对该书的评价非常客观，既指出了问题，又

肯定了优点，因此B项“不偏不倚，公正”正确。

SectionB

Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissection.Readthepassagecarefully

andanswerthequestionsthatfollowitinyourownwords.

TextD

Formostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoflife.Wespendmore

thanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoand

fromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesoutstandardoflivingandto

aconsiderableextentthestatusweareaccordedbyourfellowcitizensas

well.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportantthe

indignitiesandinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacomer;thatbecause

workisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforits

boredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesonthe

otherpartsoftheirlives.Irejectthatasacounselofdespair.Forthe

foreseeablefuturethematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichworkcan

provide,andtheconditionsinwhichworkisdone,willcontinuetoplaya

vitalpartindeterminingthesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.Yetonlyasmall

minoritycancontrolthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionsinwhich

theirworkisdone;onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopefor

creativity,imagination,orinitiative.

Inequalityatworkandinworkisstilloneofthecruelestandmostglaring

formsofinequalityinoursociety.Wecannothopetosolvethemoreobvious

problemsofindustriallife,manyofwhicharisedirectlyorindirectlyfromthe

frustrationscreatedbyinequalityatwork,unlesswetackleithead-on.Still

lesscanwehopetocreateadecentandhumanesociety.

Themostglaringinequalityisthatbetweenmanagersandtherest.Formost

managers,workisanopportunityandachallenge.Theirjobsengagetheir

interestandallowthemtodeveloptheirabilities.Theyareconstantly

learning,theyareabletoexerciseresponsibility,theyhaveaconsiderable

degreeofcontrolovertheirown—andothers—workinglives.Most

importantofall,theygavetheopportunitytoinitiate.Bycontrast,formost

manualworkers,andforgrowingnumbersofwhite-collarworkers,workisa

boring,monotonous,evenpainfulexercise.Theyspendalltheirworking

livesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerable—forthemselves—

bythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.The

majorityhavelittlecontrolovertheirwork;itprovidesthemwithno

opportunityforpersonaldevelopment.Oftenproductionissodesignedthat

workersaresimplypartofthetechnology.Inoffices,manyjobsareso

routinethatworkersjustifiablyfeelthemselvestobemerecogsinthe

bureaucraticmachine.Asadirectconsequenceoftheirworkerex