专题30阅读理解七选五代词指代类讲义（考情技法真题模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习

2024年新高考英语二轮复习【培优小题狂练】专题30阅读理解七选五代词指代类讲义（考情+技法+真题+模拟）解析版【近年高考考情】调研1【2023新高考I卷】调研2【2022·全国甲卷】调研3【2019全国I卷】调研4【2018全国I卷】调研5【2020全国III卷】【实用解题妙招】 调研1【2023新高考I卷】Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.39Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostselfconfidenceatanytime.A.Alittleselfforgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【解析】39.根据空后内容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostselfconfidenceatanytime.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。调研2【2022·全国甲卷】MakingRequests39.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.40,themorefortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【解析】39.G。根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“InPortugal，thiswouldbeaseriousmistake，becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.”可知，G项(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似一个简单的请求)符合此处语境，下文中的代词this指的就是此项中的“toaskforsaltandpepperatameal”。且该选项中的request是原词复现。故选G。【解析】40.B。根据下文“themorefortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，B项符合文意，引出下文。且下文的代词its指的就是该项中的anygivencountry。故选B。调研3【2019全国I卷】Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情绪).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【解析】38.G。代词线索题。本段空格后提到intheseplaces“在这些地方”可知，空格处应该是某个地点。此外，本段第一句提到研究人员在研究自然环境和疾病痊愈之间的关系，那么紧接着应该要建立这种接近自然的康复中心，因此选G。【解析】39.C。代词线索题。空格后的It就是突破点。从本段的intheseplaces一直到此空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康复更快，再结合此空后“这给了我们平和宁静”可知，此处应为总结句，描述大自然的作用，因此选C。调研4【2018全国I卷】Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittleplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggermitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways【解析】37.A。代词线索题。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的allofthem相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境。结合第二段第一句中的"anumberofdifferenttechniques"以及最后一句给出的三种设计方案可知，此处表示"虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂"，故A项符合语境。【解析】38.D。代词线索题。第二段最后一句出现了"thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones"，第三段提到了"smallcolorchoices"，由此可知空处所在段主要在讲"thesmallones"，故选D。【解析】39.G。代词线索题。第四段最后一句提到了"abiggermitmentthansmallerones"和"amorepowerfuleffect"可知，此处是和上文中的"smallcolorchoices"作对比，故选G。调研5【2020全国III卷】Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.___36___Anditisgoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefulpresents.A.Thisisn’tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.【解析】36.E。代词线索题。上句Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。【高考真题再练】 1.（2023全国甲卷）TricksToBeingAPatientPersonHere’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveinmon?There’soneanswer.36.IntheDigitalAge,we’reusedtohavingwhatweneedimmediatelyandrightatourfingertips.However,researchsuggeststhatifwepracticedpatience,we’dbeawholelotbetteroff.Hereareseveraltricks.●Practicegratitude(感激)Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.37.“Showingthankfulnesscanfosterselfcontrol,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.●Makeyourselfwait Instantgratification(满足)mayseemlikethemost“feelgood”optionatthetime,butpsychologyresearchsuggestswaitingforthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.38.Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.You’llsoonfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractice,themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother,moreannoyingsituations.●39.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“40.”You’llthengraduallybeemorepatient.A.FindyourcausesB.StartwithsmalltasksC.AccepttheunfortableD.AllthisaddsuptoastateofhurryE.ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF.Thisismerelyunfortable,notintolerableG.They’reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【答案】36.G37.E38.B39.C40.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。36.根据上文“Here’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveinmon?There’soneanswer.(这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。37.根据上文“Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showingthankfulnesscanfosterselfcontrol,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.(加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。38.根据上文“Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.(我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.(把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。39.根据本段内容“Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中unfortable对应后文fortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。40.根据上文“Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself(你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’llthengraduallybeemorepatient.(然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。2.（2022全国乙卷）Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)longdistancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLonglastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(联系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.36.·Moreisn’talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavemunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittenmunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·39Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlongdistancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakedaytodaymunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone_40,butlongdistancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendfacetofacetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.RememberimportantdatesB.pensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofmunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind3640DBGAF【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。36.D。上文“Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打，并坚持下去”给出了解决没时间打这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D。37.B。上文“Makesureyouhavemunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联系的次数，以及哪种沟通方式最适合你们两人。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，B项“可以通过写信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式：写信，下文“Therearealternativestoconstantwrittenmunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.”（除了不断的文字交流，还有其他方式，比如发语音或者组建群聊。）补充了发语音等其他沟通方式，其中“constantwrittenmunication”呼应了B项的“writingletters”。故选B。38.G。下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”（留下来的朋友）和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleftbehind”分别对应下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G。39.A。分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlongdistancefriendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A。40.F。设空处所在句子的后半句“butlongdistancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“requiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”形成转折，而且其中的“socialmedia”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’trelyontechnologyalone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F。3.（2022新高考I卷）FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread:“36”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)petition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.37Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon’tresultinausefulresponse.38Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.39Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.40Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbeemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.【答案】36.C37.D38.B39.G40.F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。36.C。根据前文“FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartne.”Onereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。37.D。根据前文“Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.(首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?(你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。38.B。根据前文“Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse.(你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.(锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。39.G。根据前文“Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.(我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.(任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。40.F。根据前文“Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.(你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefityourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbeemorephysicallyfit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.(接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。【名校好题强化】 1.（2023上·福建泉州·高三福建省德化第一中学校联考阶段练习）HowtoMakeandKeepaNewYear’sResolutionAreyoumakingaresolutionintheNewYear?You’llgiveyourselfyourbestshotatsuccessifyourgoalsareSMART(specific,measurable,achievable,relevantandtimebound).•Specific.Yourresolutionshouldbeabsolutelyclear.Makingaconcretegoalisreallyimportantratherthanjustvaguely(含糊地)saying“Iwanttoloseweight.”Youwanttohaveagoal:Howmuchweightdoyouwanttoloseandatwhattimeinterval?1•Measurable.Thismayseemobviousifyourgoalisafitnessrelatedone,butit’salsoimportantifyou’retryingtocutbackonsomething,too.If,forexample,youwanttostopbitingyournails,takepicturesofyournailsovertimesoyoucantrackyourprogressinhowthosenailsgrowbackout.2•Achievable.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyoucan’thavebigstretchgoals.3So,forexample,decidingtosaveenoughmoneytoretireinfiveyearswhenyou’re30yearsoldisprobablynotrealistic,butsavinganextra$100amonthmaybe.•Relevant.4Ifyoudoitoutofasenseofselfhateorastrongpassioninthatmoment,itdoesn’tusuallylastlong.Butifyoubuildupaprocesswhereyou’rethinkingharderaboutwhat’sgoodforyou,thenyouhaveafightingchance.•Timebound.Like“achievable”,thetimelinetowardreachingyourgoalshouldberealistic,too.Thatmeansgivingyourselfenoughtimetodoitwithlotsofsmallergoalssetupalongtheway.5Ifyou’rebuildingahabit,you’replanningforthenextdecade,notthenextcoupleofmonths.A．Fivepoundsinthenexttwomonths—that’sgoingtobemoreeffective.B．Isthisagoalthatreallymatterstoyou,andareyoumakingitfortherightreasons?C．Loggingprogressintoajournalormakingnotesinanappcanstrengthentheprogress.D．Doyouhavearealisticplanforachievingyourresolution?E．Focusonthesesmallwinssoyoucanmakegradualprogress.F．Buttryingtotaketoobigasteptoofastcanleaveyoudisappointed.G．It’saresolutionbasedonsomeoneelse’sintention.1．A2．C3．F4．B5．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何制订和保持新年计划。1．前文“Youwanttohaveagoal:Howmuchweightdoyouwanttoloseandatwhattimeinterval?(你想有一个目标：你想减多少体重，以多少时间间隔？)”讲述了要明确具体在多长时间内瘦多少重量，A项“在接下来的两个月里减掉5磅——这会更有效。”承接上文。故选A。2．前文“If,forexample,youwanttostopbitingyournails,takepicturesofyournailsovertimesoyoucantrackyourprogressinhowthosenailsgrowbackout.(例如，如果你想停止咬指甲，随着时间的推移给你的指甲拍照，这样你就可以跟踪你的指甲长出来的进程。)”讲述了要随着时间推移给指甲拍照来记录指甲生长的进程，空处应进一步讲述记录进程的作用，C项“将进程记录到日志中或在应用程序中做笔记可以加强进度。”符合题意，选项中的progress对应前句中的progress。故选C。3．根据本段的主旨句“Achievable.(可实现。)”可知，本段讲述的是制订切实可行的计划。根据前文“Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyoucan’thavebigstretchgoals.(这并不意味着你不能有远大的目标。)”可知，空处应与前文形成转折，讲述制订太大的目标会让人灰心，F项“但是，迈得太大、太快可能会让你失望。”符合题意。故选F。4．根据本段的主旨句“Relevant.(相关。)”可知，本段讲述的是制订的计划要相关。后文“Ifyoudoitoutofasenseofselfhateorastrongpassioninthatmoment,itdoesn’tusuallylastlong.Butifyoubuildupaprocesswhereyou’rethinkingharderaboutwhat’sgoodforyou,thenyouhaveafightingchance.(如果你在那一刻出于自我憎恨或强烈的激情而这样做，通常不会持续太久。但是，如果你建立了一个更加努力地思考什么对你有利的过程，那么你就有了战斗的机会。)”可知，制订的目标要对自己重要，并且要出于正确的理由，B项“这是一个对你来说真正重要的目标吗？你制订这个目标的理由是正确的吗？”符合题意。故选B。5．前文“Thatmeansgivingyourselfenoughtimetodoitwithlotsofsmallergoalssetupalongtheway.(这意味着给自己足够的时间去做，一路上设定很多小目标)”讲述了要设定小的目标，E项“专注于这些小胜利，这样你才能逐步进步。”中的thesesmallwins与前文的smallergoals相照应。故选E。2.（2023·河北石家庄·一模）There’sareasonwhysomanypeopleloverunningearlyinthemorning.6Notonlydoyoubeginyourdaymorerelaxedandrefreshed,butyou’vealreadystartedthingsofwithanacplishment.Ifyouthinkyou’rereadytotakeadvantageofthebenefitsofamorningrun,herearefivesuggestionsfromtheprofessionals.●Findafriend,andbegentlewithyourselfFindingapartnertorunwithwillgiveyousomeonetoberesponsiblefor,andmakeitmuchhardertoblowofftherun.It’salsoimportanttorememberthatthisisaprocess,andyoucan’texpecttodoitperfectlyfromthebeginning.7“Onceyougetintothehabit,itbeesnaturalandactuallyjumpstartsyourday,”saysSheriPiers,topAmericanfinisheratthe2012BostonMarathon.●Embracethemovement“Thefirstfewstepsorblockswillbetoughinthemorning.Theyalwaysare,”saysDr.JordanMetzl,whohasover32marathonfinishesunderhisbelt.Withapracticeofmorethan20,000patients,Metzl’sdaysarejampacked,soearlymorningrunsareamust.8“Sometimesyouhavetojustdoit,andrememberthatthemotivationwillelater.”hesays.●Staywarm9“IfIgotobedinmysportswear,allIneedtodoisthrowontheouterlayersandheadoutthedoor.Atleastthattakesawaysomeoftheinconvenience,”saysTinaMuir,ahalfmarathoner.Shealsoleavesheralarmontheothersideoftheroomtohelppushherselfup.●10“IviewwakingupearlyliketearingoffaBandAid,”saysMicheleGonzalez,arunningcoach.“It’sgonnahurtforabit.”Heradviceisrelativelysimple.“Youjusthavetosetthealarmearlyandstartdoingit,”shesays.“Afterafewdays,you’llbetiredearlieratnightandwillstartgoingtobedearlier.Thismakestheearlyalarmfeelabitmoremanageable.”A．Ithasmajorbenefits.B．Haveatrainingplan.C．Makepeacewiththepain.D．It’sjustlikewarmingupacarinthewinter.E．Evenifyouhaveasetbackortwo,keepatit.F．Still,heknowshowharditcanbetogetmotivated.G．Theworstpartisgettingchangedinthecoldairespeciallyinwinter.6．A7．E8．F9．G10．C【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了关于晨跑的几个建议。6．上文“There’sareasonwhysomanypeopleloverunningearlyinthemorning.(很多人喜欢在清晨跑步是有原因的)”提到，很多人喜欢在清晨跑步是有原因的，空处应是接着说明原因，即清晨跑步的好处，A项“它有很大的好处”符合语境，下文“Notonlydoyoubeginyourdaymorerelaxedandrefreshed,butyou’vealreadystartedthingsofwithanacplishment.(这样你不仅能更轻松、更精神地开始新的一天，而且你已经以一种成就感开始了新的一天)”是具体说明清晨跑步的好处，故选A。7．根据上文“It’salsoimportanttorememberthatthisisaprocess,andyoucan’texpecttodoitperfectlyfromthebeginning.(同样重要的是要记住，这是一个过程，你不能指望从一开始就做到完美)”可知，清晨跑步是一个过程，不会一开始就能做到完美，由此可知，这个过程中会遇到一些挫折、失败等，E项“即使你遭遇了一两次挫折，也要坚持下去”符合语境，与下文“Onceyougetintothehabit,itbeesnaturalandactuallyjumpstartsyourday(一旦你养成了跑步的习惯，它就会自然而然地开始你的一天)”衔接自然，跑步过程中遇到挫折也要坚持下去，一旦养成习惯就会自然而然地开始你的一天，故选E。8．根据上文“Thefirstfewstepsorblockswillbetoughinthemorning.(早上刚开始的几步或几个街区会很艰难)”和下文“‘Sometimesyouhavetojustdoit,andrememberthatthemotivationwillelater.’hesays.(‘有时候你必须去做，并记住动力会在后面出现。’他说)”可知，本段是说对于JordanMetzl医生来说获得清晨跑步的动力很困难，F项“不过，他知道获得动力有多难”符合语境，与上文“soearlymorningrunsareamust(所以早上跑步是必须的)”形成转折关系，故选F。9．根据本段小标题“Staywarm(保持暖和)”和下文“IfIgotobedinmysportswear,allIneedtodoisthrowontheouterlayersandheadoutthedoor.(如果我穿着运动服上床睡觉，我所需要做的就是穿上外套，然后出门)”可知，本段是说冬天的穿衣保暖问题，G项“最糟糕的是在寒冷的空气中换衣服，尤其是在冬天”符合语境，故选G。10．根据下文“‘IviewwakingupearlyliketearingoffaBandAid,’saysMicheleGonzalez,arunningcoach.‘It’sgonnahurtforabit.’Heradviceisrelativelysimple.‘Youjusthavetosetthealarmearlyandstartdoingit,’shesays.(跑步教练MicheleGonzalez说：‘我认为早起就像撕掉创可贴一样。’‘会疼一段时间。’她的建议相对简单。她说：‘你只需要早设闹钟，然后开始做。’)”可知，本段是说早起很痛苦，跑步教练MicheleGonzalez建议设定闹钟，然后开始做，C项“与痛苦和平相处”适合作为段落小标题，故选C。3.（2023上·福建泉州·高三校考期中）KindnessMayKeepYouHealthyIfyouaredrivingintheUnitedStates,youmayseeamonbumper(汽车保险杠)stickeronpassingvehiclesthatreads:11Thesayingismeanttourgepeopletobehaveinagentle,caring,andhelpfulwaytowardsotherswithoutthinkingorplanningahead.12Inoneexperiment,Brianare,ananthropologist(人类学家)atDukeUniversity,askedagroupofpeopletoperformthreeactsofgenerosityforotherindividualseachweek.Theseactscouldbesmall,likeopeningadoorforsomeone.Thepeoplewhowerecaring,gentleandfriendlytowardsothersreportedexperiencingcontentment,satisfactionandhappiness.However,beingkindisnotjustemotionallybeneficial.LyubomirskystudiedagroupofpeoplewiththediseaseMultipleSclerosis(多发性硬化).13Herresearchalsopointedoutthatpeopleshowingkindnesstoothershadlessinflammation(炎症)intheirbodies.Andinotherstudies,Lyubomirskysaidmoreantiviralgeneswerefoundinpeoplewhoextendedahelpinghandtootherpeople14Inonestudy,researchersgavepeoplealistofvalues—suchaskindness,creativity,ambition,tradition,security,seekingsocialjustice,andseekingpower.Whenaskedtopickthemostimportant,kindnesswon.“Thebasicreasonwhypeoplearekind,”OliverCurry,explained,theresearchdirectoratKindlabthatisanonprofitorganization,“isthatwearesocialanimals.Kindnessisasmuchapartofusasouranger,griefordesire.”15A．PerformrandomactsofkindnessB．ActsofkindnessareverypowerfulC．Inotherwords,wearedesignedtobekind.D．Shefoundthattheyfeltbetterphysicallywhenhelpingothers.E．ResearchshowsthatdoingkindthingscanmakeusfeelbetterF．Hefoundthatbeingkindmakespeoplefeelbetteremotionally,G．Otherresearchhasshownthatmanypeopleprizekindnessaboveothervalues11．A12．E13．D14．G15．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了善良和友好对健康的益处。研究表明，对他人的关心和善意可以带来情感上的满足和幸福感，同时也可以减少身体炎症和增强免疫系统。此外，善良是人类社会性本能的表现之一。文章呼吁人们在生活中多表现出善良和友好。11．根据后文“Thesayingismeanttourgepeopletobehaveinagentle,caring,andhelpfulwaytowardsotherswithoutthinkingorplanningahead.(这句话的意思是敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的情况下，以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人。)”可知，此处解释了汽车保险杠上贴纸的内容：敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的情况下，以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人。A选项“Performrandomactsofkindness(随意做一些善意的事情)”概括后文的内