Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringusefulstructures导学案-高中英语人教版

学习目标：感知关系代词引导的定语从句。掌握关系代词引导的定语从句。语法感知：感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.3.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.4.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.5.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.6.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.7.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.___________引导，修饰名词或代词，置于被修饰词的后面。2.关系代词which，that，who在定语从句中可以作________语，也可以作________语或________语；关系代词whose在定语从句中作________语。自主学习：在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词先行词从句成分who人主语，宾语whom人宾语whose人，物定语，译为“……的……”that人，物主语，宾语which物主语，宾语一、关系代词的用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledintheaccidentwasover100.在那次事故中丧生的人数超过了100。HeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.他就是我昨天遇见的那个人。2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。Themantowhomyouspokejustnowisarelativeofmine.刚才和你说话的男人是我的一个亲戚。which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。Thebookwhichcosthim20$waslostyesterday.花费了他20美元的那本书，昨天丢了。Thegoldmedal(which)shewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。4.that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。Thewoman(that/who/whom)Ireadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.我在报纸上读过相关报道的那位女士，她刚刚赢得一枚金牌。Thereport(that/which)MrTurnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。注意：(1)宜用that不宜用which的情况①当先行词是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已经做完了。②当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，theright，thelast，just等修饰时。Musicistheonlythingthatinterestsme.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。③当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。④当先行词中既有人又有物时。Shedescribedinherpositionthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。⑤当主语是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?哪些是你买给我的书？(2)宜用which不宜用that的情况①关系代词前有介词时。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbeeashoeshop.我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。②在非限制性定语从句中。Haveyoueverreadthebook，whichwaswrittenbyayounggirl?你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书了吗？③先行词本身就是that时。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？④关系代词后有插入语时。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich，Ithink，canhelpimproveyourEnglish.这就是那本我认为能帮你提高英语水平的英语语法书。(3)宜用who不宜用that的情况①当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。②当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。He_________doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.翻译为：________________________________________________He_________laughslastlaughsbest.翻译为：________________________________________________③当先行词为指人的those时。Those_______havegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。④在therebe结构中，先行词指人时。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一个年轻人想见你。5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“限定词＋名词＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋限定词＋名词”来代替。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.(＝Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecoverisgreen.)请递给我那本绿皮的书。Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokencanhold40students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。=Theclassroom_________________isbrokencanhold40students.=Theclassroom_________________isbrokencanhold40students.二、使用定语从句的注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。Thesuitcasethat/which__________(lie)onthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。注意：“oneof＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“theonlyoneof＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。Thisisoneofthebookswhich________(was/were?)writtenbyCharlesDickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。Heistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswho________(has/have)learnedFrench.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。[______]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.(判断正确/错误)[______]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.3.关系代词的省略。(判断正确/错误)(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略；如果直接位于介词后，则不能省略。Wevisitedthehouse(that/which)LuXunoncelivedin.＝WevisitedthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.我们参观了鲁迅曾住过的房子。(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。达标反馈Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople_________losttheirhomesinthedisaster.2.Those_________wanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7∶30pm.3.Thefirstmuseum________hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.4.Thefilm_________youarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeontomorrow.5.Iknowtheperson_________housewasdestroyedintheearthquake.6.Itisthetallestbuilding_________DaoMingsihasseeneversincehecamehere.7.Myfatherboughtanewbikeforme_________priceaddeduptomorethan1,000yuan.8.Shesaidshewoulddoanything_________couldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.9.Anyone_________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10.Theboyandthedog_________areinthepictureareverylovely.11.Sincetheoldmanhasstoppedbreathing，thereislittle_________Icandoforhim.12.Igetalongwellwiththeboy_______________doeswellinmaths.13.Doyouknowthelady__________________ourEnglishteacheristalkingtonow?14.We’recollectingmoneyforthose_________homesweredestroyedbytheearthquake.15.Pleasepassmethebook_________coverislightgreen.16.Ivisitedtheschoolyesterday_________wasbuiltfiftyyearsago.17.Thegirl_________isspeakingtothewholeclassisourmonitor.18.Yesterdaywasoneofthecoldestdays_________Ihaveeverknown.19.Thereareatotalof1,000workersinthispany，twothirdsof_________arewomen.20.Imisstheteachersandthekindergarten_________myparentsthinkhighlyof.Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子21.Doyouknowtheman?Themanspoketotheheadmasterjustnow.→Doyouknowtheman__________________________________?22.Thewomanismymother.Youarelookingafterher.→Thewoman________________________________ismymother.23.Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.Thehouseismorethan100yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinahouse__________________________.24.LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryworethedress___________________________.25.ThegirlisfromAmerica.Herfatherisateacher.→Thegirl_________________________________isfromAmerica.26.Theroomismine.Itswindowsfacenorth.→Theroom_________________________________ismine.III.完成句子27.Thisisthehotel_____________________________whenIwastravellinghere.这是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。28.Jackwasherbestfriend_____________________________.杰克是她最好的朋友，从他那里她借了一辆车去旅行。29.Thisistheverybook_____________________________.这就是我正在找的那本书。30.WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoems_____________________________intheTangDynasty.我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。31.Sheisoneofthegirls_____________________________.她是通过考试的女孩之一。32.Sheis_____________ofthegirlswho_____________thefirstprize.她是唯一一个已经获得一等奖的女孩。高考链接单句语法填空1.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)2.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose_________aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.(2019·北京)3.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014_________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2018·全国Ⅰ)4.Manywesterners_________etoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)5.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme，oneof_________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(2017·江苏)6.Thelittleproblems_________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017·北京)答案：语法感知：who，which，that，whose引导，修饰名词或代词，置于被修饰词的后面。2.关系代词which，that，who在定语从句中可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语；关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。自主学习：who,不到长城非好汉；who,笑到最后的人笑得最好。who;thedoorofwhich,ofwhichthedoorlies,were,has错误;正确达标反馈Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosttheirhomesinthedisaster.2.ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7∶30pm.3.ThefirstmuseumthathevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.4.Thefilmthat/whichyouarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeontomorrow.5.Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.6.ItisthetallestbuildingthatDaoMingsihasseeneversincehecamehere.7.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformewhosepriceaddeduptomorethan1,000yuan.8.Shesaidshewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.9.Anyonewhohashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10.Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.11.Sincetheoldmanhasstoppedbreathing，thereislittlethatIcandoforhim.12.Igetalongwellwiththeboythat/whodoeswellinmaths.13.Doyouknowtheladythat/whom/whoourEnglishteacheristalkingtonow?14.We’recollectingmoneyforthosewhosehomesweredestroyedbytheearthquake.15.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverislightgreen.16.Ivisitedtheschoolyesterdaythat/whichwasbuiltfiftyyearsago.17.Thegirlwho/thatisspeakingtothewholeclassisourmonitor.18.YesterdaywasoneofthecoldestdaysthatIhaveeverknown.19.Thereareatotalof1,000workersinthispany，twothirdsofwhomarewomen.20.Imisstheteachersandthekindergartenthatmyparentsthinkhighlyof.Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子21.Doyouknowtheman?Themanspoketotheheadmasterjustnow.→Doyouknowthemanwho/that

spoke

to

the

headmaster

just

now?22.Thewomanismymother.Youarelookingafterher.→Thewoman(that/who/whom)

you

are

looking

afterismymother.23.Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.Thehouseismorethan100yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinahousewhich/thatismorethan100yearsold.24.LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryworethedress(that/which)

I

gave

to

her.25.ThegirlisfromAmerica.Herfatherisateacher.→Thegirlwhose

father

is

a

teacherisfromAmerica.26.Theroomismine.Itswindowsfacenorth.→Theroomwhose

windows

face

northismine.III.完成句子27.Thisisthehotel(that/which)

I

stayed

atwhenIwastravellinghere.这是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅