2008年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题及答案

正保远程教育（美国纽交所上市公司代码：DL）_____________________________________________________________________[]职业培训教育24小时）2008年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1Withimmenserelief,Istoppedrunning.AsomeBenormousClittleDextensive2Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.AcollectBhandleCanalyzeDinvestigate3Jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck.AhitBpassedCreachedDled4Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.ApossibleBprofitableCeasyDwise5Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle.AfactBmysteryCstatementDgame6Thatguyisreallywitty.AsmartBuglyChonorableDpopular7Theworldchampionsufferedasensationaldefeat.AreasonableBdramaticChumiliatingDhorrifying8ItseemsthatonlyMaryiseligible.forthejob.ApreparedBtrainedCqualifiedDguided9ThispoemdepictsthebeautifulsceneryofatownintheSouth.ApraisesBwritesCimitatesDdescribes10Themeaningisstillobscure.AvagueBtransparentCalienDsignificant11Dumpedwastemightcontaminatewatersupplies.AdestroyBdecreaseCdelayDpollute12OnetheorypostulatesthattheancientFilipinoscamefromIndiaandPersia.AassumesBexpectsCpredictsDconsiders13Itisverydifficultforachildtoadheretorules.ArememberBfollowCunderstandDlearn14IhopethatIdidn’tdoanythingabsurd1astnight.AawkwardBstrangeCstupidDawful15Thereshouldbelawsthatprohibitsmokingaroundchildren.AforbidBadvocateCinheritDwithdraw第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题l分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。WhatisGlobalization?Itwastheanti-globalizationmovementthatreallyputglobalizationonthemap.Asawordithasexistedsincethel960s,buttheprotestsagainstthisallegedlynewprocess,whichitsopponentscondemnasawayoforderingpeople'slives,broughtglobalizationoutofthefinancialandacademicworldsandintoeverydaycurrentaffairs.Inthelatel980sandearlyl990s,thebusinessmodelcalledthe“globalized”financialmarketcametobeseenasanentitythatcouldhavemorethanjustaneconomicimpactonthepartsoftheworldIttouched.Globalizationcametobeseenasmorethansimplyawayofdoingbusiness,orrunningfinancialmarkets-itbecameaprocess.Fromthenonthewordtookonalifeofitsown.Sohowdoestheglobalizedmarketwork?Itismoderncommunicationsthatmakeitpossible；fortheBritishservicesectortodealwithitscustomersthroughacallcentreinIndia,orforasportswear（运动服）manufacturertodesignitsproductsinEurope,maketheminsouth.eastAsiaandselltheminnorthAmerica.Butthisiswheretheanti—globalizationsidegetsstuckin（关注）.Ifthesepracticesreplacedomesticeconomiclifewithaneconomythatisheavilyinfluencedorcontrolledfromoverseas.thenthecreationofaglobalizedeconomicmodelandtheprocessofglobalizationcanalsobeseenasasurrenderofpowertothecorporations,orameansofkeepingpoorernationsintheirplace.Noteveryoneagreesthatglobalizationisnecessarilyevil,orthatglobalizedcorporationsarerunningthelivesofindividualsoraremorepowerfulthannations.Somesaythatthespreadofglobalization,freemarketsandfreetradeintothedevelopingworldisthebestwaytobeatpoverty-theonlyproblemisthatfreemarketsandfreetradedonotyettrulyexist.Globalizationcanbeseenasapositive,negativeorevenmarginalprocess.Andregardlessofwhetheritworksforgoodorill,globalization'sexactmeaningwillcontinuetobethesubjectofdebateamongthosewhooppose,Supportorsimplyobserveit.16Globalizationisatermusedonlyinthefinancialandacademicworlds.（同化）themselves.“Immigrationisaculturewartoday.Isgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessentheaccusationsinthatfight?”saysAliNoorani,oftheMassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition（难民辩护联盟）.23Paragraph2_____________24Paragraph3_____________.25Paragraph4_____________26Paragraph5_____________.APreparationfortakingacitizenshiptestBCitizenshiptestsinEuropeancountriesCImportanceofpromotingintegrationDNecessitytoknowthebranchesofgovernmentEDifferentviewsonthenewcitizenshiptestFGoalofthenewcitizenshiptest27Thequestionsinthenewcitizenshiptestaremoredifficult____.28Would-beimmigrantstotheUSareexpected____.29IntheDutchcitizenshiptest,allwould-30Somepeoplefearthatchangesinthecitizenshiptestwilldolittle____AtoknowalotmoreaboutthecountyBtowatchavideoCtohelpimmigrantsacceptthenewcultureDtomarryAmericancitizensEtodolow-skilljobsFtoanswer第4部分：阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexciting.metropolitan（大都市的）atmosphere.Squares,plazas（广场）andarcades（拱廊）formtheheartofEurope'scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarco-abeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshops,churches,restaurantsandcafes.InBarcelona,Spain,LaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London'sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusicians,acrobats（杂技演员）andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondon,theyserveasabeautifuThesevibrant（有活力的）heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolution,socialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.“ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakes,”saidGarreau.“Thosehaveallbeenremoved.”MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecar,sobars,restaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.Today,thefocusofmanyEuropeans'lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirts,drivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconvention,therearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalways,livingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeople,togetherwithtourists,providethecitycenterswiththeirreasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchaffingoverespressos（浓咖啡）andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisittheChurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarkets,cafésandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorence,Italyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshops,andcaters（迎合）notonlytothetouristcrowds,butalsothelocalcommunity.31ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthateachbigcityinEuropeAhasmanylargesquares.Bhasmanyverymagnificentsky-scrapers.CdrawstouristsinlargenumberseveryyeanDhasacenterwheretouristsmeettheirspouses.32WhichstatementisNOTtrueofCoventGarden?AItiscrowdedwithpeople.BItislocatedinLondon.CItisfilledwithstalls.DItissurroundedbyshops,churches,restaurantsandcafes.33WhydopeoplethinkthatVeniceissogreat?；ABecauseitisafamoustouristattraction.BBecauseyoucanreachanywherebyboat.CBecauseitiswell-knownforitsmerchants.DBecauseallthemistakeshavebeenremoved.34WhatareParisiansfamousfor?ATheirpursuitofindependence.BTheirenthusiasmforconversation.CTheirabilitytokeepthecityflourishing.DTheirdevotiontodevelopingamultipleculture.35ThewritercitestheDuomointhelastparagraphasanexampletoillustratethatAthereisatightlinkbetweenchurchandsociety.Ballchurchesaremagnificent.Coldchurchesareverypopular.Dhigh—risechurchesareimpressive.第二篇DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeightYouhearthis：“Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.”Youfeelsad:“Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?”Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenes,notyourlifehabits,determineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit.AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat,“80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese（肥胖的）parentsbecomeobese,ascomparedwithnomorethanl4percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight.”Howcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Well,dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirsch,aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversity,didastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeks,thesubjectslost45kgonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospital,theyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement,fatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweight,butinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople.Thinpeoplehowever,sufferfromtheopposite：Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSims,oftheUniversityofVermont,gotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,theyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyended,theywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere.Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.36Whatdeterminesyourweight?AYourworkingmanner.BYoureatinghabit,CYourlifestyle.DYourgenes.37WhatdidJulesHirschdototheeightfatpeopleinhisstudy?AHeletthemskipsupper.BHeletthemskipbreakfast.CHeletthemruneverymorningandevening.DHegavethemaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.38Whathappenedtotheeightfatpeopleaftertheyleftthehospital?ATheywentmad.BTheykilledthemselves.CTheywerebacktonormalweight.DTheyattemptedsuicide.39EthanSimsmadehissubjectsAbattletheirgeneticinheritance.Bincreasetheirweight.Csufferfromhunger.Dlowertheirweight.40Whatdidscientiststhinkwastrue?AEachpersonhasafixedweightrange.BEachpersonhasaweightrangeof9kg.CEachpersonwantstocontrolhisorherweight.DEachpersonwantstoeattohisorherheart'scontent.第三篇ShamingPunishmentsLastmonth,JamesConnolly,ajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusetts,stoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatoga（长袍）aspunishment.Hiscrime?Hewaschargedwithunderagedrinking,illegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty.ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyears,mostlyimposedbylocaljudgesforless-seriouscrimes,suchasdrunkdrivingandtheft.Theybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrent（威慑）.Forexample,inTennessee,JudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshoplifters（商店货物扒手）standoutsideWal-Martwithsignsthatread.“IamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzie”.“Alternativepunishmentslikecommunityserviceandfinesdon'tconveymoralcondemnation（谴责）ofthecriminal,”saidDanKahan,aUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessor,inanarticlepublishedontheuniversity'swebsite.“Theyaren'tshamefulenough.”ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarlet（红色的）Letterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorne’sl850novelTheScarletLetter.Inthisnovel,awomanisforcedtowearascarlet“A”onherclothesaspunishmentforheradultery（通奸）.However,UniversityoflowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee.“Earlysocietiesoftenhada're-acceptance'ceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety,”saysHosmanek.“ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis.”Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes.Othersaren’tsosure.“Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfulinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety,”saidHosmanek.“So,ashamingpunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimetosupporthimself.”Expertsalsodebateshamingpunishment’sdamagetohumandignity.“Sincethepointistoshame,it'sofcoursedegrading（侮辱人格的）,”saidLindaMalone,directoroftheHumanRightsandNationalSecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool.“USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatis'cruelandunusual'-not'inhumananddegrading'.It'sverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martis'cruelandunusual.'.”41JamesConnollywasaccusedofallthefollowingcrimesEXCEPTAillegallypossessingalcohol.Bsmugglingdrugs.Cdrinkingatanillegalage.Dmakingtoomuchnoiseataparty.42WhichofthefollowingpunishmentsdoesNOTmorallycondemnacriminal?AHoldingasignthatannounceshisorhercrime.BPublishinghisorhernameonawebsite.CApologizingforthecrimeinfrontofWal-Mart.DHavingtodousefulworktohelpotherswithoutbeingpaid.43Acorruption.Bbribery.Cadultery.Dtheft.44Theword“suggest’inParagraph10couldbebestreplacedbyApropose.Bindicate.Cassume.Dexplain.45WhatdoesUSlawforbid?ACruelandunusualpunishments.BInhumanpunishments.CDegradingpunishments.DShamingpunishments.第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌.What’sLackingin'Sicko'?Whenitcomestoeconomicdecisions,therearealwaystrade-offs（取舍）.Gainonethingandyoulosesomethingelse.（46）ThecentralargumentofMichaelMoore'smovie“Sicko”-thatthecuretothenation'shealthcareproblemsisasingle-payersystem-ishardlynovelandiscertainlyworthconsideration,whetherornotyouagreewithit.ButincomparingtheAmericansystemwithsingle-payerplansofothercountries-Britain,France,CanadaandCuba-Mr.Mooreleftoutthetrade-offs,characterizingthosecountriesashealthcareparadises._____（47）KurtLoder,thefilmcriticwhoisbestknownastheanchor（主持人）of“MTVNews,”wroteacritique（批评）ofthefilmforMTV'swebsite.“'Sicko,'”hesaid,“doesarealservice”inportraying（描绘）victimsofAmericaninsurancecompanies-likethepeoplewhodiedbecausetheironlytreatmentoptionswereconsidered“experimental”andthereforenotcovered.（48）When“governmentsattempttoregulatethebalancebetweenalimitedsupplyofhealthcareandanunlimiteddemandforit,they’reinevitablyforcedtorationtreatment.”Mr.Loderasserted.（49）Mr.Lodercitedtheshortfilm“DeadMeat,”whichpresentsanecdotes（轶事）offailureintheCanadiansingle-payersystem.Initsone-sidedness,“DeadMeat”mighthavemadeforanicedoublefeaturewith“Sicko.”andleftmoviegoerswithamorecompleteunderstandingofthecomplicationsofdecidingonahealthcaresystem.（50）Thisallmakesanotherwise“emotionallycompellingfilmnotnecessarilyanintellectuallysatisfyingone,”wroteDarrenBarefoot,aCanadianblogger（博客作者）.AMr.Moorealsodecidedtoignoreproblemsinothercountries,likeFrance’shightaxesandBritain’scash-shorthospitals.BButthefilmasawhole,heconcluded,is“breathtakinglymeretricious（似是而非的）,”inlargepartbecauseofitscharacterizationsofothercountries'healthcaresystems.CTheproblemshavebeennoticed—andcriticismiscomingnotjustfromMr.Moore'sdetractors（诋毁者）.DHetickedoffanumberofnegativestatisticstocounterthepositiveonesofferedbyMr.Moore.EHealthcareistheprevention,treatment,andmanagementofillness.FThisisparticularlytrueinhealthcare,amarketinwhichscarce（稀罕的）goodsareridiculouslyexpensive,butneededbyeverybody.第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题l分，共15分）下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。TheGreatestMysteryofWhalesThewhaleisamammal（哺乳动物）-warm-blooded,air-breathing,givingbirthtoitsyoungalive,suckingthem—and,likeallmammals,Originatedonland.Therearemanysignsofthis.（51）frontflippers（鳍肢）,usedforsteeringandstability,aretracesoffeet.thegreatbodyofthebigwhales,andinfactmostofawhale’sbodyisonegiganticmuscle.Thebluewhale'spulling（52）hasbeenestimatedat400horsepower.Onespecimenwasreposedtohave（53）awhalingvesselforsevenhoursatthe（54）ofeightknots..Anenragedwhalewillattackaship.Afamous（55）ofthiswasthefateofwhalerEssex,whichwassunk（56）thecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury.Morerecently,steelshipshavehadtheirplatesbuckled（扭曲变形）inthesameway.Spermwhaleswereknownto（57）theold—timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushthemThegreatestmysteryofwhalesistheirdivingability.T