现代大学英语课件

LessonOne

WhereDoWeGoFromHere?HighlightsReview1:倍数表达Whenweviewthenegativeexperiencesoflife,theNegrohasadoubleshare.Therearetwiceasmanyunemployed.TherateofinfantmortalityamongNegroesisdoublethatofwhitestherearetwiceasmanyNegroesdyinginVietnamaswhitesinproportiontotheirsizeinthepopulation.OnetwentiethasmanyNegroesaswhitesattendcollege.(parag.2)4semioticsSemiotics:ageneralphilosophicaltheoryofsignsandsymbolsthatdealsespeciallywiththeirfunctioninbothartificiallyconstructedandnaturallanguagesandcomprisessyntactics,semantics,andpragmatics4:semioticsSemantics:Thestudyorscienceofmeaninginlanguageforms语义学Syntactics:Thestudyoftheruleswherebywordsorotherelementsofsentencestructurearecombinedtoformgrammaticalsentences句法Pragmatics:Thestudyoflanguageasitisusedinasocialcontextandaffectstheinterlocutorsandtheirbehavior语用学4:Roget'sThesaurusthesaurus:Abookofsynonyms,oftenincludingrelatedandcontrastingwordsandantonyms同类词汇编4:whiteandblackWhitelieisasetphrase,meaningalieconcerningatrivialmatter,oftenonetoldtosparesomeone'sfeelings.BlacklieiscoinedbythespeakerplayingontheearliermentioneddefinitionofblackbyRnget'sThesaurus.blacksheep:afamilymembershunnedbecauseofdisreputablebehavior败家子7haveproblemswithpowerLoveOntheonehand,wearepreachersofGod’steachings,ofloveandpeace;wehavemoralbeliefsandconcernsPowerOnetheotherhand,thecommonconceptofpowerisforce,physicalforce.Thesetwothingshavebeencontrastedaspolaropposites.Thatiswhypreachershaveproblemswithpower7:PolaroppositesSomeofourphilosophers’misinterpretation(offbase:mistaken)Love:ResignationorgivingUpofpowerPower:Denialoflove8MisinterpretationofpowerandloveButthetruthis:powerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic.(antithesis)Nietzsche’swilltopower,RejectionofloveTheologian’slove,rejectionofthewilltopower8:properunderstanding:integration/compatibilityPoweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.Translate?8权力实施正义之要求，其至善在于为了仁爱；正义荡除仁爱之阻力，其至善在于拥有权力。devoidof:without9:Chiasmus[kai'æzməs]交错配列Adevicethatconsistsoftwobalancedstatements,thesecondofwhichreversestheorderofthewordsinthefirst,withorwithoutarepetitionofwordsE.g.Collisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmorality邪恶的权力与无力的道义之冲突Welivetoeat,noteattolive.Hewasanangelonthesurface,butatheartaknave(流氓).12事实上，人们改善人类生存条件，传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学以及升华思想，所有这些事情并不是为了谋生。受制于活计、工头或动物本能的奴隶是不会做这些事情的。只有人，找到了某种工作的人，工作带来了生存的安全，工作使他的生活不再匮乏，这样的人才会从事有利于人类福祉的事业！13这样的工作可以大规模的增加。与其先解决住房和教育问题再来消灭贫困，还不如先废除贫困。人们会发现，有了钱，住房和教育自然会得到改善。17suchas引导从句：suchas(+S)+VWehadhopedtogiveyouachancesuchasnobodyelseeverhad.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletofurnishinformationsuchasisnotfurnishedby99%ofthenewspapersintheUnitedStates.18paralleledparadoxes:Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon'tsolve,answersthatdon'tanswerandexplanationsthatdon'texplain.19ParallelismIamconcernedaboutabetterworld.I'mconcernedaboutjustice.I'mconcernedaboutbrotherhood.I'mconcernedabouttruth.Andwhenoneisconcernedaboutthese,hecanneveradvocateviolence.19AntithesisForthroughviolenceyoumaymurderamurdererbutyoucan'tmurdermurder.Throughviolenceyoumaymurderaliarbutyoucan'testablishtruth.Throughviolenceyoumaymurderahater,butyoucan'tmurderhate.Darknesscannotputoutdarkness.Onlylightcandothat.20ParallelismandclimaxAndIhaveseentoomuchhate.I'veseentoomuchhateonthefacesofsheriffsintheSouth.I'veseenhateonthefacesoftoomanyKlansmenandtoomanyWhiteCitizensCouncilorsintheSouthtowanttohatemyself,…Rhetoricaldevicesin25(1)Parallelstructure:11sentencesbeginningwith"letusbedissatisfieduntil"andtwoshortsentencesof"letusbedissatisfied“(2)Antithesis:a)outercityofwealthandcomfortvs.innercityofpovertyanddespairb)darkyesterdaysvs.brighttomorrows;C)onthebasisofthecontentoftheircharactervsonthebasisofthecoloroftheirskinRhetoricaldevicesin25(3)MetaphorsandSimiles:thebatteringramsoftheforcesofjustice;thejunkheapsofhistory;justicewillrolldownlikewatersandrighteousnesslikeamightystream

Rhetoricaldevicesin25(4)biblicalallusion:whenthelionandthelambshallliedowntogethereverymanwillsitunderhisownvineandfigtreeandnoneshallbeafraid(5)Anaphora([ə'næfərə]首语重复法):therhetoricaldeviceofrepeatingawordorphraseatthebeginningofsuccessiveclausesorsentencesRhetoricaldevicesin25（6）Transferredepithet:Tragicwalls（7）synecdoche：Letusbedissatisfieduntilfromeverycityhall,justicewillrolldownlikewatersandrighteousnesslikeamightystream.(municipalgovernment)(8)alliteration:"AndthelionandthelambshallliedowntogetherSynecdoche(提喻法)ThesubstitutionofthepartforthewholeOrthewholeforthepartNameofmaterialforthethingmadeThecontainerforthethingcontainedorviceversaThethingwornthewearerE.g.:Synecdoche(提喻法)Theyareshortofhandsatharvesttime.Hepaidtheworkers$5perhead.Yetthereweresomestoutheartswhoattemptedresistance.Thereisbreadandworkforall.Thenhecutmeopenandtookouttheappendixandstitchedmeupagain.Synecdoche(提喻法)Hewalkedtheboardsforaliving.(thestage)Shewasdressedinsilksandsatins.(dressesmadeofsilkandsatin)Cottonsuitsyou.(garmentsmadeofcotton)Thekettleisboiling.(waterinthekettle)Synecdoche(提喻法)Iarrivedattheschooljustthreefeettallandfatlywrappedinmyscarves.Theplaygroundroaredlikearodeo(竞技会),…Oldboots,raggedstockings,torntrousersandskirts,wentskatingandskiddingaround.25:ahighbloodpressureofcreedsandananemiaofdeeds

Creed:astatementofbelief,principles,oropinionsonanysubject信条Translatethewholesentence?让我们心怀不满，一直到美国的顽症——信条上是高血压、行动上是贫血症——康复的那一天25:"whitepower”and"blackpower"Whitepowerreferstotheviewofwhitesupremacists.Thesepeoplethinkthewhitesaresuperiorraciallyandtheyshouldcontrolpowerandrunthecountry.TheyopposedesegregationandtheCivilRightsmovement.Blackpower:seeNote2326antithesis…whenthebuo