高考英语阅读题

主旨题〔3〕——2021高考英语阅读题集训.WarmupHowmanydifferences？.英语考试大纲要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：

〔1〕理解主旨和要义

〔2〕理解文中具体信息

〔3〕根据上下文推断生词的词义

〔4〕作出判断和推理

〔5〕理解文章的根本结构

〔6〕理解作者的意图、观点和态度2021高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲〔1〕理解主旨和要义

.英语考试大纲任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么〔即文章的主题〕，亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义那么需从文章的字里行间进行推断。【难度大一些】这类试题主要考査考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。

〔1〕理解主旨和要义.主旨大意型事实细节型

词义猜测型命题类因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:推理判断型.HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意题?.如何做主旨大意题

做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。.

第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topicsentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%--90%)或段尾处,有时也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。.Howtogetthemainideaofaparagraph?.1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough〞.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?..2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi--onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything〞mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.

So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearancefoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hu--rry.〞However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou〞Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch〞.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBewareB.Closeout(出清存货)SaleC.CrimePaysD.BuyingaTVSet

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TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail.TypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentence.PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,〞saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon〞inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed〞bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.

Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram.PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(读写能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,〞saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon〞in