高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练12讲义

说明文（用时：7mins）①InthenortheasternIndia,withinsightoftheIndia-Bangladeshborder,bridgesaren?tbuilt一they’regrown.Thereitisrainyandwarm,andtheareaismarkedwithmanyriversandmountainstreams.ThereaspeciesofIndianrubbertreewithaverystrongrootsystemgrowswell.②TherubbertreecalledFicuselasticaproducesaseriesofsecondaryrootsfromhigherupitstrunkandtheycancomfortablyrestonthetopofhugestonesalongtheriverbanks,oreveninthemiddleoftheriversthemselves.TheWar-KhasisandWar-Jaintias,twocloselyrelatedtribes（部落）inMeghalaya,longagonoticedthistreeandsawinitspowerfulrootsanopportunitytoeasilycrossthearealsrivers.Now，wheneverandwhereverthebridgesareinneed,they^llsimplygrowtheirbridges.③Tomakearubbertree^srootsgrowintherightdirection一say，overariver一thepeopleofsouthernMeghalayahaveusedseveraldifferentways・Insomeplaceslikearoundthe34④villageofNongriat,betelnut（槟根P）treetrunks9cutinhalfdownthemiddleandmadeemptyinside,areusedtocreateroot-guidancesystems.Thethin,tenderrootsoftherubbertreegrowstraightalongthetrunksandwhentheyreachtheothersideoftheriver,they^reallowedtotakerootinthesoil.Givenenoughtime,alivingbridgecomesintobeing.⑤Therootbridgescangrowaslongasthetreeremainshealthy.Thoughtheycantakemanyyearstobeginworking,thelengthoftimeisdependentonlocalconditionssuchasthehealthofthetreethewaythebridgeisbeinggrown,andthesoilconditions.However,oncerootbridgesgrowup,theyactuallygainstrengthovertime一strongenoughthatsomecanevensupporttheweightof50ormorepeopleatatime.1.WhyaretheremanyrootbridgesinthenortheasternIndia?A.Localpeopleareveryclever.B.Localgovernmentssupportit.C.Therearesomeriversandhills.D.Thereisaspecialkindofrubbertree.2.InNongriat,peopleusebetelnuttreetrunksto .A.maketherootbridgesstrongerB.guidetherubbertreeroots’growthC.stoprubbertreerootsgrowinginthesoilD.helpsupporttheweightontherootbridges3.Whichofthefollowingmaydecidethegrowthofarootbridge?A.Thespeedoftheriverwater.B.Thelengthoftherootbridge.C.Thehealthoftherubbertree.D.Thenumberofpeoplewalkingonthebridge.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.RootbridgesinIndia.B.Howtobuildrootbridges.C.TherootsofaspeciesofIndianrubbertree.D.Whatisimportantforthegrowthofrootbridges.【五步法做题逻辑】串联题干1.WhyaretheremanyrootbridgesinthenortheasternIndia?2.InNongriat,peopleusebetelnuttreetrunksto .3.Whichofthefollowingmaydecidethegrowthofarootbridge?4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?五步法做题逻辑：先做主旨题或者态度题：4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.RootbridgesinIndia.（合乎主题，树桥的应用或者使用）B.Howtobuildrootbridges.（不涉及怎么制造或者产生）C.TherootsofaspeciesofIndianrubbertree.（不涉及橡胶树的种类）D.Whatisimportantforthegrowthofrootbridges.（不涉及树桥的生长因素）2.InNongriat,peopleusebetelnuttreetrunksto .A.maketherootbridgesstrongerB.guidetherubbertreeroots’growth(正向）C.stoprubbertreerootsgrowinginthesoil（负向）D.helpsupporttheweightontherootbridges是希望橡胶树好还是不好，当然是好，用来做桥，当然是正向。B选项当选3.Whichofthefollowingmaydecidethegrowthofarootbridge?A.Thespeedoftheriverwater.B.Thelengthoftherootbridge.C.Thehealthoftherubbertree.D.Thenumberofpeoplewalkingonthebridge.这里有个新的做题逻辑：多个重合选项优先选择C选项=A选项+B选项+C选项1.WhyaretheremanyrootbridgesinthenortheasternIndia?A.Localpeopleareveryclever.B.Localgovernmentssupportit.C.Therearesomeriversandhills.D.Thereisaspecialkindofrubbertree.选哪个？当然与主题符合的选项所以D选项当选总结：这篇文章的主旨题替换是属于同一领域的概括替换，一般情况下，我们要对这种选项要提高警惕，如果这个概括性描述是一种生活常态或者循规蹈矩的描述，一般都是错误的；相反，如果这种概括性描述出现原文主题词的重现或者同义替换，就有可能是正确选项。我们必须通过常识或者逻辑对每一个选项逐个排除。【难句解析】(第二段第一句)TherubbertreecalledFicuselasticaproducesaseriesofsecondaryrootsfromhigherupitstrunkandtheycancomfortablyrestonthetopofhugestonesalongtheriverbanks，oreveninthemiddleoftheriversthemselves.这种被称为Ficuselastica的橡胶树的较高的树干上会长出很多次生根,这些次生根在沿着河岸的巨石上就能轻易地生长,它们甚至可以扎根于河流的中央。本句为并列复合句,由并列连词and连接前后两个分句。and前的分句中,calledFicuselastica是过去分词短语,作后置定语,修饰rubbertree;and后的分句中,主语they指的是aseriesofsecondaryroots,连词or连接两个作状语的介词短语onthetopofhugestonesalongtheriverbanks和eveninthemiddleoftheriversthemselves。说明文：用时7mins①Starman，thedummy（仿真人）ridingacherry-redTeslaRoadsterthroughspace,hasmadehisclosestapproachevertoMars.TheelectricroadsteranditspassengerwereattachedtothetopofaFalconHeavyrocketduringtheSpaceXrocket^sfirsttestlaunchonFeb.6,2018.②Twoyearslater,theFalconHeavyrocketandthevehicleatitstipweremakingtheirsecondtriparoundtheSun.MrMcDowellaHarvardastrophysicist,foundthatStarmanpassed7.4millionkilometersfromMarsat06：25GMTonOctober7,2020.③TherecentclosestapproachbetweentheEarthandMarswasnearly56millionkilometersin2003，thoughtheplanetsareoftenhundredsofmillionsofmilesapartdependingonwheretheyareintheirorbits.NoonecanseetheFalconHeavyrocketatitscurrentdistance,butorbitsoverperiodsofafewyearsarefairlystraightforwardtopredictandMrMcDowelluseddataabouthowtherocketwasmovingwhenitlefttheEarth’sgravitybehindtolocateitsrecentmovementsexactly.④“LasttimeStarmancircledtheSun，”McDowellsaid“itcrossedMars，orbitwhiletheredplanetwasquitefaraway.ButthistimethecrossingwaslinedupwithMarswithafairlycloseapproach,thoughstillnotcloseenoughtofeelastrongtugfromMars.”⑤Atthispointintime,ifyouwereabletogolookattheroadster，itwouldprobablylookprettydifferent.Thestrongsolarradiationenvironmentbetweentheplanetswouldprobablyhavedestroyedalltheexposedorganicmaterials.⑥WithouttheEarthsatmosphericandmagnetic（磁,性的）protection,eventheplasticsandcarbon-fibermaterialswouldstarttobreakup.Overthecourseofdecadesorcenturies9theroadsterwillendupwithitsaluminum（铝）frameandhardglassparts一that’sassumingthatnoneofthemgetdestroyedinimpactswithpassingspacerocks.1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.StarmannowiscirclingaroundtheEarthinitsorbit.B.StarmanhassetoutonitssecondtriparoundtheSun.C.Starmanhastraveled7.4millionkilometersafterlaunchD.StarmanstillhasalongwaytogobeforegettingtoMars.2.HowdidMrMcDowellmanagetolocatetheFalconHeavyrocket?A.BykeepingitundervisualobservationB.BypredictingitsfutureorbitaroundtheEarthC.ByseekingprofessionalhelpfromSpaceX.D.Byanalyzingdataabouttherocket，smovement.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtuginparagraph4probablymean?A.Pull. B. Drive.C.Crash. D. Pressure.4.Whatwillhappentotheroadsterindecadesorcenturies?A.ItiscirclingaroundMarsandwillfinallycrashontoit.B.ItwillfinishitsmissionandreturntotheEarth.C.Itislikelyreducedtoatmostitsframeandglass.D.ItwillberepairedbySpaceXduringitsnextspacemission.【五步法解题逻辑】Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?HowdidMrMcDowellmanagetolocatetheFalconHeavyrocket?Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtuginparagraph4probablymean?Whatwillhappentotheroadsterindecadesorcenturies?这篇文章也是一样的，无法用串联题干得到主题词记住：如果看题干出现大量的专有名词：人名、地名、事物名称等，而其他细节不出现，我们一定要当机立断，回文定位;但是有个小细节，大家留一下这几道题的出题顺序跟段落顺序一致的，也就是题文同序1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.StarmannowiscirclingaroundtheEarthinitsorbit.B.StarmanhassetoutonitssecondtriparoundtheSun.C.Starmanhastraveled7.4millionkilometersafterlaunchD.StarmanstillhasalongwaytogobeforegettingtoMars.①Starman，thedummy（仿真人）ridingacherry-redTeslaRoadsterthroughspace,hasmadehisclosestapproachevertoMars.TheelectricroadsteranditspassengerwereattachedtothetopofaFalconHeavyrocketduringtheSpaceXrocket^sfirsttestlaunchonFeb.6,2018.②Twoyearslater,theFalconHeavyrocketandthevehicleatitstipweremakingtheirsecondtriparoundtheSun.MrMcDowellaHarvardastrophysicist,foundthatStarmanpassed7.4millionkilometersfromMarsat06：25GMTonOctober7,2020.2.HowdidMrMcDowellmanagetolocatetheFalconHeavyrocket?A.BykeepingitundervisualobservationB.BypredictingitsfutureorbitaroundtheEarthC.ByseekingprofessionalhelpfromSpaceX.D.Byanalyzingdataabouttherocket’smovement.③TherecentclosestapproachbetweentheEarthandMarswasnearly56millionkilometersin2003，thoughtheplanetsareoftenhundredsofmillionsofmilesapartdependingonwheretheyareintheirorbits.NoonecanseetheFalconHeavyrocketatitscurrentdistance,butorbitsoverperiodsofafewyearsarefairlystraightforwardtopredictandMrMcDowelluseddataabouthowtherocketwasmovingwhenitlefttheEarth’sgravitybehindtolocateitsrecentmovementsexactly.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtuginparagraph4probablymean?A.Pull.（拉，外部，距离越来越近） B.Drive.（驱赶，外部，距离越来越远）C.Crash.（碰撞，外部，没有距离） D. Pressure.（压力，从外到内，没有距离）④“LasttimeStarmancircledtheSun，”McDowellsaid“itcrossedMars，orbitwhiletheredplanetwasquitefaraway.ButthistimethecrossingwaslinedupwithMarswithafairlycloseapproach,thoughstillnotcloseenoughtofeelastrongtugfromMars.”很明显啊，A选项4.Whatwillhappentotheroadsterindecadesorcenturies?A.ItiscirclingaroundMarsandwillfinallycrashontoit.B.ItwillfinishitsmissionandreturntotheEarth.C.Itislikelyreducedtoatmostitsframeandglass.D.ItwillberepairedbySpaceXduringitsnextspacemission.⑥WithouttheEarthsatmosphericandmagnetic（磁,性的）protection,eventheplasticsandcarbon-fibermaterialswouldstarttobreakup.Overthecourseofdecadesorcenturies’theroadsterwillendupwithitsaluminum（铝）frameandhardglassparts一that’sassumingthatnoneofthemgetdestroyedinimpactswithpassingspacerocks.说明文（用时：7mins）①Imagine，oneday，gettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhours，andthen，afterafulldayofwork，goingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere．Soundsunusual，doesn'tit？Butit'snotthatunrealistic，withthedevelopmentofChina'shigh-speedrailwaysystem．Chinahasanevengreaterhigh-speedrailwayplantoconnectthecountrywithSoutheastAsia，andfinallyEasternEurope．②Chinaisplanningtoextend（延长）itsownhigh-speedrailwaynetworktoupto17countriesin10to15years，eventuallyreachingLondonandSingapore．③IfChina'splanforthehigh-speedrailwaygoesforward，peoplecouldrushfromLondontoBeijingwithintwodays．ThenewsystemwouldstillfollowChina'shigh-speedrailwaystandard．Andthetrainswouldbeabletogo346kilometersanhour，almostasfastassomeairplanes．④China'sbullettrain（高速列车），theoneconnectingWuhantoGuangzhou，alreadyhastheWorld'sfastestaveragespeed．Itcovers1，069kilometersinaboutthreehours．⑤Ofcourse，therearesometechnicalchallengestoovercome．Therearesomanyissuesthatneedtobesettled，suchassafetyandmaintenance（保养）ofrailwaytracks．So，it'simportanttopayattentiontoeverydetail．Butthekeyissueisreallymoney．Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanonlongerrailwayconstruction．⑥Chinaprefersthattheothercountriesprovidenaturalresourcesratherthanfinancialinvestment．ResourcesfromthosecountriescouldfloodintoChinatosupportdevelopment．⑦It'llbeawin-winproject．Forothercountries，therailwaynetworkwillcertainlycreatemoreopportunitiesforbusiness，tourismandsoon，nottomentionthebettercommunicationamongthosecountries．⑧ForChina，suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresources，butwouldalsohelpdevelopChina'sfarwest．Wepredictthatinthecomingdecades，millionsofpeoplewillmovetothewesternparts，wherethelandisemptyandresourcesunused．Withhigh-speedtrains，peoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentersinthewest．Andthey'lltradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropeancountries．1.China’snewhigh-speedrailwayplanwillbeawin-winprojectbecause____________．A.Chinawillgetmuch-neededresourcesanddevelopitswesternregionsB.ChinaandthecountriesinvolvedwillbenefitfromtheprojectinvariouswaysC.ChinawilldevelopitsrailwaysystemandcommunicationwithothercountriesD.theforeigncountriesinvolvedwilldeveloptheirrailwaytransportation，businessandtourism2.Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis____________．A.technicalissuesB.safetyofthesystemC.financialproblemsD.maintenanceofrailwaytracks3.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsChina’shigh-speedrailwayplan?A.CriticalB.ReservedC.DoubtfulD.Positive4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NewRailwayStandardsB.BigRailwayDreamsC.High—speedBulletTrainsD.InternationalRailwayNetwork【五步法解题逻辑讲解】串联题干China’snewhigh-speedrailwayplanwillbeawin-winprojectbecause____________．Accordingtothepassage，thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis____________．Whichofthefollowi