英文课件大便常规

大便常规此ppt下载后可自行编辑英文课件StoolanalysisWhyHelpdiagnosediseasesofthedigestivetract,liver,andpancreas.Certainenzymes(suchastrypsinorelastase)maybeevaluatedinthestooltohelpdeterminehowwellthepancreasisfunctioning.Helpdeterminethecauseofsymptomsaffectingthedigestivetract,includingprolongeddiarrhea（慢性腹泻）,bloodydiarrhea,anincreasedamountofgas,nausea,vomiting,lossofappetite,bloating（胀气）,abdominalpainandcramping（痉挛）,andfever.WhyScreenforcolorectalcancerbycheckingforhidden(occult)blood.

Detectthepresenceofparasites,suchaspinwormsorGiardialamblia.Detectandidentifycertaintypesofbacteriathatcancausedisease.Thistestiscalledastoolcultureandcanalsobeusedtodetectaninfectioncausedbyafungusorvirus.WhyDetectpoorabsorptionofnutrientsbythedigestivetract

(malabsorptionsyndrome).Forthistest,allstooliscollectedovera72-hourperiodandthenanalyzedforthepresenceoffatandmeatfibers.Thepresenceoffatmayindicateamalabsorptionproblem.Thistestiscalleda72-hourstoolcollectionorquantitativefecalfattest.

contentsAnexaminationofthephysicalcharacteristicsofthestoolforcolor,consistency,weight(volume),shape,odor,and

thepresenceofmucus.Thestoolmaybeexaminedforhidden(occult)blood,fat,meatfibers,bile,whitebloodcells,andsugarscalledreducingsubstances.ThepHofthestoolalsomaybemeasured.

MusclefibreamylumFatballepitheliummicrozymeWBCRBCSaltcrystalStoolanalysis

StoolanalysisCharacterofstoolanddeseaseDiarrhea--loose,waterystools

:

DiarrheaMucusstools,puriform,bloodystool:infectiousdiarrhea(bacterial,ameba)Blackorasphalticstools:theupperpartofthegastrointestinal(GI)tractBrightbloodystools:thelowerpartoftheGItractricewateraclearfluidfleckedwithmucusand:CholeraSilverwhite,grayorpaleyellowstools:disordersinvolvingyourliver,gallbladderorpancreasUpperGItract(usuallyblackstools):Bleedingstomachorduodenalulcer

Gastritis

EsophagealvaricesMallory-Weisstear(atearintheesophagusfromviolentvomiting)TraumaorforeignbodyBowelischemia(alackofproperbloodflowtotheintestines)VascularmalformationLowerGItract(usuallymaroonorbrightred,bloodystools):Hemorrhoids

Analfissures

Diverticularbleeding憩室出血Intestinalinfection(suchasbacterialenterocolitis)VascularmalformationInflammatoryboweldisease

Tumor

Colonpolypsorcoloncancer

TraumaorforeignbodyBowelischemia(alackofproperbloodflowtotheintestines)BLACKTARRYSTOOLBeworried.

Ironsupplementscancauseblackstool,buttheother,morealarmingcauseisdigestedBLOOD.

Bloodcanturnthestoolblack,called"MELENA"..conditionslikeheartburn胃灼热,ulcers,cancer,anyGIdisease,asthesemaybethesourceofthebleeding.What‘sOBtest?Afecaloccultbloodtest(alsocalledstoolgaiacorheocculttest)isusedtoexaminestoolfortracesofbloodthatcannotbeseenwiththenakedeye.Thistestcandetectbleedingfromalmostanywhereinthedigestivetract,andcancomeoutpositiveforseveralconditionsincludingcolorectalcancer,esophagitis,gastritis,stomachcancer,ulcerativecolitisandhemorrhoids.Itcanalsobepositivewhenasprinorothermedicationsthatirritatethedigestivetracthavebeenused.Fecaloccultbloodtesting

Whatisitusedfor?Afecaloccultbloodtestisoftenusedtodectectcolorectalcancer

init'searlystages,whichhasnoothersignsorsymptoms.Fecaloccultbloodtestsareusuallyrecommendedannuallyforpeopleover50yearsold.Peopleathighriskforcolorectalcancerbecauseoffamilyhistoryorpolypsshouldbegintestingatage40.Whatisthepreparation?Youshouldnottestifyou:HaveactivebleedingfromahemorrhoidoranalfissureHavebloodinyoururineHavetakenasprinorothernonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs)inthepast7daysAreawomanhavingyourmenstralperiodorduringthefirstthreedaysaftertheendofyourperiodWhatisthepreparation?Atleast72hoursbeforethetest,thefollowingdietarychangesshouldbemade:Avoidtakingmorethan250mg/dayofVitaminC

Avoideatingredmeat(beeforlamb),includingliverandprocessedmeatsAvoideatingrawfruitsandvegetables,especiallymelons,radishes,turnips,andhorseradishAnytoiletbowelcleansersshouldberemovedfromthetoilet,astheycanaffecttheresultsofthetest.CulturingtheStool

Stoolcanbeculturedfordisease-causingbacteria.Rememberthatnotallbacteriainthestoolcauseproblems;infact,over80%ofstoolisbacteria,mostofwhichlivetherenormallyandarenecessaryfordigestion.

NormalBacterialFlora

NormalBacterialFlora

NormalBacterialFlora

菌群失调菌群失调菌群失调TestingtheStoolforOvaandParasites

ifachildhasprolongeddiarrheaorotherintestinalsymptoms.Sometimes,thedoctorwillcollect2ormoresamplesofstooltosuccessfullyidentifyparasites.STRINGYSTOOL

Ifyourstoolcomesoutinalongthinstringdespiteanormalappetiteandnormaleatingpatterns,thismaybeacauseforconcern.

Youcouldhaveaparasiticinfection(worms).

amoebiasisPinworm蛲虫Roundworm

蛔虫Trematode吸虫doctormayorderastoolcollectiontotestforavarietyofpossibleconditionsallergyorinflammationinthebody,suchaspartoftheevaluationofmilkprot