河南省豫西北教研联盟（许洛平）2024-2025学年高三上学期一模英语试题 含解析

豫西北教研联盟(许洛平)2024——2025学年高三第一次质量检测英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时。选出每小题答案后，用销笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动。用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whyisthewomanlateforthemeeting?A.Shewroteareport.B.Shemetherteacher.C.Shewenttothelibrary.2.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Athome.B.Atastore.C.Atahotel.3.HowmuchisaticketfortheShakespearianplaytonight?A.$20.B.$30.C.$40.4.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Todeliveramessage.B.Tomakeacomplaint.C.Toinquireaboutastreet.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.HowtousetheInternet.B.Howtofindgyms.C.Howtotalkwithparents.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howmanybookshasthewomanread?A.5.B.8.C.10.7.Whichbookisthewomanreadingcurrently?A.WutheringHeights.B.TheSunMooRises.C.TheOldManandtheSea.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthemanprobablydoing?A.HostingaTVprogram.B.Chairingaclubmeeting.C.Participatinginadebate.9.Whatdoesthewomandoforalivingnow?A.Sherepairsboats.B.Sherentsoutboats.C.Shebuildsfishingboats.10.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Satisfiedwithherlife.B.Worriedaboutthefuture.C.Excitedaboutnewthings.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howwaslastterm’sartfestival?A.Itwasboring.B.Itwasaverage.C.Itwaspopular.12.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Createaposter.B.Holdadiscussion.C.Enteracompetition.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Employerandemployee.C.Teacherandstudent.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthecharity?A.Itmetmanydifficulties.B.Itwasfoundedadecadeago.C.It’sthelargestcharityintown.15.Whathaswinningtheawardhelpedthecharitydo?A.Promotethecharity.B.Bringinmoremembers.C.Runaneducationalproject.16.Whatisthebiggestthreattothedolphinsfromoilexploration?A.Horriblesmells.B.Waterpollution.C.Underwaternoise.17.Whydidthecharitygiveupmovingthedolphinbase?A.Becauseoftechnology.B.Becauseofmoney.C.Becauseoftime.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Collegestudents.B.Localartists.C.Museumstaff.19.Whatcanallofthevolunteersdointhemuseum?A.Guidethetourists.B.Helpwithresearch.C.Hostameeting.20.Whatisthespeakerintroducingattheendofthetalk?A.Anewexhibition.B.Requirementsforvolunteers.C.Thehistoryofthemuseum.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAreyoudreamingofovercomingMountKilimanjaro,butnotsurewhichroutetotake?Here’sanoverviewoffourKilimanjaroroutesforyou.MaranguRouteTheMaranguRoute,alsoknownasthe“Coca-ColaRoute”,isdistinguishedbyitscottageaccommodationsandisapopularchoiceforclimbersaimingtoreachthetopofKilimanjaro.Providingamorecomfortableoptioncomparedtocamping,thesesimplecottagesofferbasicfacilitiesandcanbeawelcomingsightafteradayofchallenginghiking.MachameRouteTheMachameRoute,oftenreferredtoasthe“WhiskeyRoute”,isfamousforitssplendidlandscapesandchallengingsummit(顶峰)nightthattestsclimbers’determinationandtolerance.Thenightbeforethesummitpush,isalaborioustest,characterizedbysharp,rockyterrain(地形)andfreezingtemperatures,whereclimbersrelyontheirmentalstrengthandphysicalpreparednesstoovercomethefinalbarrierstoUhuruPeak.LemoshoRouteTheLemoshoRouteoffersbreathtakingscenicviewsandownsoneofthehighestsummitsuccessratesamongtheKilimanjaroroutes,makingitafavoriteamongclimbers.WhatsetstheLemoshoRouteapartisitsgradualascent(上升)profile,allowingclimberstoaccustomeffectivelyandincreasetheirchancesofreachingthesummitsuccessfully.RongaiRouteTheRongaiRouteprovidesaquiethikingexperience,allowingclimberstoadaptgraduallywhileimpressingthemselveswiththeuntouchedwildernessofKilimanjaro’snorthernside.Adaptationbecomesmoremanageableduetotheroute’sgentleascent,allowingclimberstoadjusttotheincreasingheightcomfortably.Theuniqueadvantageofthispathisitsrelativelylowertraffic,providingapeacefulexperienceinharmonywithnature’spatterns.1.WhatmakesMaranguRoutespecial?A.Theaccommodations. B.ThefreeCoca-Cola.C.Thecampingsight. D.Thechallenginghiking.2.WhatismostrequiredwhenyouchooseMachameRoute?A.Climbingequipment. B.HelpofWhiskey.C.Teamworkofclimbers. D.Strongwillpower.3.Whatdothelasttworouteshaveincommon?ATheyhavelowertraffic. B.Theyoffervastwilderness.CTheyareeasiertoadaptto. D.Theyareplannedfortheold.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍攀爬乞力马扎罗山的四条路线。【1题详解】细节理解题。由MaranguRoute中“TheMaranguRoute,alsoknownasthe‘Coca-ColaRoute’,isdistinguishedbyitscottageaccommodationsandisapopularchoiceforclimbersaimingtoreachthetopofKilimanjaro.(TheMarangu路线也被称为‘可口可乐路线’，以其小屋住宿而闻名，是攀登乞力马扎罗山山顶的登山者的热门选择。)”可知，MaranguRoute以住宿而闻名。故选A项。【2题详解】推理判断题。由MachameRoute中“Thenightbeforethesummitpush,isalaborioustest,characterizedbysharp,rockyterrain(地形)andfreezingtemperatures,whereclimbersrelyontheirmentalstrengthandphysicalpreparednesstoovercomethefinalbarrierstoUhuruPeak.(登顶前一晚是一个艰苦的考验，其特征是陡峭的岩石地形和冰冷的气温，登山者依靠他们的精神力量和身体准备来克服通往UhuruPeak的最后障碍。)”可知，选择Machame路线需要拥有坚强的意志力。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由LemoshoRoute中“WhatsetstheLemoshoRouteapartisitsgradualascent(上升)profile,allowingclimberstoaccustomeffectivelyandincreasetheirchancesofreachingthesummitsuccessfully.(TheLemosho路线的独特之处在于其渐进的上升路线，使登山者能够有效地适应并增加成功到达山顶的机会。)”和RongaiRoute中“Adaptationbecomesmoremanageableduetotheroute’sgentleascent,allowingclimberstoadjusttotheincreasingheightcomfortably.(由于路线的平缓上升，适应变得更加容易管理，使登山者能够舒适地适应不断增加的高度。)”可知，这两条路线都很容易适应。故选C项。BForpeoplewhonevercomplainaboutthetoughconditions,idealjobshavecomeup.Aheritage(遗产)charityisadvertisingjobsatthebottomoftheworld.BasedinAntarctica,just9,000milesfromtheUK,successfulapplicantswillhavetoadapttonear-constantdaylight,subzerotemperaturesandnorunningwater.Butwhatincredibleupsides:penguins(企鹅),breathtakinglandscapesandthechancetosupportconservationeffortsinoneofthemostremotecornersoftheplanet.TheUKAntareticHeritageTrustsaiditwasseeking“passionateadventurersreadytotakeonthechallengeofalifetime”injobsthatincludedmanagingamuseum,postofficeandgiftshopaswellasconductingpenguincounts.ThoseselectedwillliveandworkatBaseAatPortLockroyonGoudierIsland,whichisaboutthesizeofafootballfield.BridieMartinWest,a33-year-oldmidwife,isthecurrentbaseleader.OnavideocallfromPortLockroy,shedescribedtheupsanddownsoflifeonthebase,whereeveryonesharesasmallroom.“Wearegettingtowardstheendofourstayhere,butwestillhavethemagicoflookingoutsideandseeinghundredsofyoungpenguins,”shesaid.“Wegetthewonderofseeinghumpbackwhales(座头鲸)gopast.Ononesideoftheislandwehavethemostgrandmountainrangeandontheotherside,anicesheet.”CamillaNichole,thecharity’sCEO,saidsuccessfulapplicantswouldneedtobe“adaptable,physicallyfit,environmentallyaware”andupforthechallengeofspendingfivemonthssofarawayfromhome.“Thisisauniqueopportunitytoliveinalandscapethatmakesyoufeelpurerespectandwonder,wherepioneeringgenerationshavegonebeforeusmakinggroundbreakingdiscoveriesaboutourplanet,”shesaid.4.Whatistheaimofparagraph1?A.Tointroduceanewjob. B.TopromoteaBritishcharity.C.Tofindsomeidealpartners. D.Toanalyzetheauthor’sview.5.Whichisoneofthejobtakers’dutiesatthebase?A.Distributingpresents. B.Keepingtrackofpenguins.C.Studyingoceanwildlife. D.Protectingpublicfacilities.6.WhydidBridiedescribeherlifeatthebaseinparagraph3?A.Shewasfullofloveforherjob. B.Sheadvocatedbroadervolunteering.C.Sheadvertisedthescenerythere. D.Shecalledformoreconservationefforts.7.HowdidCamillaNicholefindthelifeatthebase?A.Stressfulbutsuccessful. B.Repetitivebutcomfortable.C.Unbearablebutrefreshing. D.Challengingbutrewarding.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是位于南极洲的一个遗产慈善机构正在招聘能够在极端环境下工作的员工，这些员工将负责在南极洲的某个基地管理博物馆、邮局和礼品店，并进行企鹅数量统计等工作。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Forpeoplewhonevercomplainaboutthetoughconditions,idealjobshavecomeup.Aheritage(遗产)charityisadvertisingjobsatthebottomoftheworld.BasedinAntarctica,just9,000milesfromtheUK,successfulapplicantswillhavetoadapttonear-constantdaylight,subzerotemperaturesandnorunningwater.(对于那些从不抱怨艰苦环境的人来说，理想的工作已经出现了。一家遗产慈善机构正在为世界最底层的工作做广告。该项目位于距离英国仅9000英里的南极洲，成功的申请者将不得不适应近乎恒定的日光、零度以下的温度和没有自来水的环境。)”可知，第一段的目的是介绍一份新工作。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheUKAntareticHeritageTrustsaiditwasseeking“passionateadventurersreadytotakeonthechallengeofalifetime”injobsthatincludedmanagingamuseum,postofficeandgiftshopaswellasconductingpenguincounts.(英国南极遗产信托基金会表示，他们正在寻找“愿意接受一生挑战的充满激情的冒险家”，工作内容包括管理博物馆、邮局和礼品店，以及清点企鹅数量。)”可知，基地的工作人员的职责之一是记录企鹅的数量。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Wearegettingtowardstheendofourstayhere,butwestillhavethemagicoflookingoutsideandseeinghundredsofyoungpenguins(我们在这里的逗留即将结束，但我们仍然向外看，看到数百只小企鹅的魔力)”和“Wegetthewonderofseeinghumpbackwhales(座头鲸)gopast.Ononesideoftheislandwehavethemostgrandmountainrangeandontheotherside,anicesheet.(我们看到座头鲸经过的奇迹。在岛的一边是最雄伟的山脉，另一边是冰原。)”可知，Bridie在第三段描述了她在基地的生活是因为她对自己的工作充满了热爱。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“CamillaNichole,thecharity’sCEO,saidsuccessfulapplicantswouldneedtobe“adaptable,physicallyfit,environmentallyaware”andupforthechallengeofspendingfivemonthssofarawayfromhome.(该慈善机构的首席执行官CamillaNichole表示，成功的申请者需要“适应能力强、身体健康、有环保意识”，并准备好迎接离家5个月的挑战。)”和“Thisisauniqueopportunitytoliveinalandscapethatmakesyoufeelpurerespectandwonder,wherepioneeringgenerationshavegonebeforeusmakinggroundbreakingdiscoveriesaboutourplanet(这是一个独特的机会，让你生活在一个让你感到纯粹的尊重和惊奇的景观中，在我们对地球做出突破性发现之前，先辈们已经去过那里了。)”可知，CamillaNichole觉得基地的生活具有挑战性但值得。故选D。CTrainingwascruel,asPennyLeeDeanpreparedforwhatwouldbearecord-settingswim—regardlessofsex—acrosstheEnglishChannelin1978.“Yourhandscramp(痉挛),yourlegscramp,”sheremembers.Whilethecoldwasbone-chilling,overcomingithasbeenessentialtohersuccessasarecord-breakingswimmer.Anabilitytotolerateextremecoldisoneoftheadvantagesthatwomenmayhaveinthissport,astheirdistributionoffatishelpfulforregulatingbodytemperatureincoldwater.Deanbelievesthatanyupperhandwomenmighthaveinopen-waterswimmingoverlongdistancesismoreaboutmentaladaptationandtheabilitytobeardiscomfortthanaboutinsulation(阻隔).Inultradistanceevents,theabilitytohandlemorefactors,fromweathertopain,becomesparticularlyimportant.Infact,womencanoutperformorperformsimilarlytomeninarangeofcompetitiveevents.Fromultrarunningtoshootingsports,insomecompetitionswomenhavetheedge.CassioRippel,theISSFAthletesCommitteeChair,saysthatwhilemen’smusclestendtogivethemmorestayingpower,women’slowerbodymassandlowercentreofgravity,onaverage,allowthembetterbalancecontrol.Therifle(步枪)eventsarethemostsex-balancedofthethreetypesofshootingeventsintheOlympics,accordingtoRippel.Thenearlycentury-longhistoryoftheOlympicsisalsoahistoryofthegrowthoffemaleempowerment.Anincreasingnumberoffemaleathleteshavebrokengenderbarriers,achievingremarkablesuccessintraditionallymale-dominatedsports.TheParisOlympicsarethefirstOlympicstohaveequalnumbersoffemaleandmaleathletes.Thisisalsoanopportunitytothinkcarefullyaboutwhatgapsininclusionstillremain.Whilemuchofthescienceofsexandperformancemaybeunsettled,onethingthat’sveryclearisthatmoreresearchneedstoinvolvewomen.Thepathtowardgreaterinclusionhasnotbeenstraight,andmorequestionsthananswersremainabouttheroleofsexinathleticperformance.8.WhatchallengedidDeanfacewhenbreakingtherecord?A.Thelongdistance. B.Thelowtemperature.C.Theextrabodyfat. D.Theintensetraining.9.Whatadvantagemaywomenhaveinlongandopen-waterswimming?A.Strongawarenessaboutkeepingwarm. B.Superiorflexibilitytotoughsituations.C.Inborntalentforlongdistanceswimming. D.Absoluteconcentrationonswimmingpath.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“havetheedge”inparagraph4mean?A.Appearweaker. B.Seemconservative.C.Takethelead. D.Showlesspressure.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Women’spotentialinsports. B.Sportssuitableforwomen.C.Viewsongenderandsports. D.FemalesintheOlympics.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了女性在体育领域的潜力和表现，通过具体事例和科学分析，阐述了女性在长距离游泳等竞技项目中的优势和特点，以及女性在奥运会上的地位和赋权的历史。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Trainingwascruel,asPennyLeeDeanpreparedforwhatwouldbearecord-settingswim—regardlessofsex—acrosstheEnglishChannelin1978.‘Yourhandscramp(痉挛),yourlegscramp,’sheremembers.(1978年，PennyLeeDean准备横渡英吉利海峡，这将是一项打破纪录的游泳活动，训练是残酷的。她回忆说：“你的手会抽筋，腿也会抽筋。”)”和第二段中“Whilethecoldwasbone-chilling,overcomingithasbeenessentialtohersuccessasarecord-breakingswimmer.(虽然寒冷刺骨，但克服寒冷是她成功打破纪录的关键)”可知，PennyLeeDean在1978年准备创造横跨英吉利海峡的游泳纪录时，克服寒冷是她成功破纪录的关键。因此，Dean在打破纪录时面临的挑战是低温。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Deanbelievesthatanyupperhandwomenmighthaveinopen-waterswimmingoverlongdistancesismoreaboutmentaladaptationandtheabilitytobeardiscomfortthanaboutinsulation(阻隔).Inultradistanceevents,theabilitytohandlemorefactors,fromweathertopain,becomesparticularlyimportant.(Dean认为，女性在开放水域长距离游泳中所占的优势更多的是心理适应能力和承受不适的能力，而不是阻隔能力)”可知，女性在长距离公开水域游泳中可能具有的优势更多地在于心理适应和承受不适的能力，这表明女性在应对艰难情况方面具有更强的灵活性。故选B项。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Fromultrarunningtoshootingsports,insomecompetitionswomenhavetheedge.CassioRippel,theISSFAthletesCommitteeChair,saysthatwhilemen’smusclestendtogivethemmorestayingpower,women’slowerbodymassandlowercentreofgravity,onaverage,allowthembetterbalancecontrol.(从超跑到射击运动，在一些比赛中，女性havetheedge。国际田径联合会运动员委员会主席CassioRippel表示，男性的肌肉往往能给他们带来更大的耐力，而女性的体重和重心较低，平均而言，能让她们更好地控制平衡)”可知，虽然男性的肌肉往往给他们更多的耐力，但女性的身体质量较低，重心较低，平均而言，这使她们能够更好地控制平衡。由此可推知，在超跑到射击比赛中，女性往往能够表现优异或“领先”。因此，画线短语havetheedge意思是“领先”，与takethelead同义。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中“Trainingwascruel,asPennyLeeDeanpreparedforwhatwouldbearecord-settingswim—regardlessofsex—acrosstheEnglishChannelin1978.(1978年，PennyLeeDean准备横渡英吉利海峡，这将是一项打破纪录的游泳活动，训练是残酷的)”和倒数第二段中“Thenearlycentury-longhistoryoftheOlympicsisalsoahistoryofthegrowthoffemaleempowerment.Anincreasingnumberoffemaleathleteshavebrokengenderbarriers,achievingremarkablesuccessintraditionallymale-dominatedsports.(近一个世纪的奥运会历史，也是一部女性赋权的成长历史。越来越多的女运动员打破了性别障碍，在传统上由男性主导的运动中取得了显著的成功)”可知，文章通过PennyLeeDean打破游泳纪录的事例和奥运会上女性运动员的赋权历史，主要探讨了女性在体育领域的潜力和表现。故选A项。DPlansarebeingdrawnupforalunar“Noah’sArk”tohelpsaveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.Thecomingbiorepository,astoragefacilityforfrozensamples,wouldhouselivesamplesfrommostanimalsintheworldandserveasasaveincasethespeciesdisappearedonEarth.Itwouldlikelybebuiltatthenorthorsouthpoleofthemoon,wherecraters(陨石坑)createpermanentshadowandatemperatureofalmost-200℃.ScientistsfromtheSmithsonian,HarvardandotherleadingUSinstitutionsareworkingonhowtoobtainsamplesfromat-riskbiodiversityonEarth,freezethemandsendthemtothelunarsurfaceforsafekeeping.InapaperpublishedinthejournalBioScience,theacademicssaytheyhavealreadybeguncreatingaplanforspacestoragebasedonthestarrygoby,abonyfish.Potentialdifficultiesincludehowthesamplescanbeprotectedfromtheseverityofspacetravelaswellasthehighradiationlevelsinspace.BiorepositoriessuchastheoneonSvalbardinNorwayaredesignedtobedurablebutmaystillconflictwithearthlyrisks,thescientistswarn,andhavingashelteronthemooncouldprovideaback-upplanthatisuninfluencedtoearthboundevents.Theconstantlycoldtemperaturesonthemoonareidealforabiorepositoryofcryopreserved(冷冻保存的)samples,thescientistssay,asitwouldmeanthesystemcouldbepassiveandnotneedapowersupply.“Suchabiorepositorywouldsafeguardbiodiversityandactasameasureagainstitslossoccurringbecauseofnaturaldisasters,climatechange,over-population,resourcedepletion(枯竭),wars,socioeconomicthreatsandothercausesonEarth,”thescientistswrite.“Thisisadecades-longprogramme,”thescientistswrite.“ProtectingEarth’slifemustbeatoppriorityintherushonthemoonsitesforindustriesandmanytypesofscience.”NASAisalsointerestedinthesouthpoleofthemoonforthesamepermanentlyshadowedregionsbecausetheymayalsohosticeandthiscouldhelpestablishahumanpossessiononthemoon.12.Whatisthelunar“Noah’sArk”actually?A.Aterritory. B.Astorehouse.C.Aburialfield. D.Alaboratory.13.Howdothebonyfishappearintheproject?A.Asanemergencyfood. B.Asanendangeredspecies.C.Asaneasilystoredfish. D.Asanexperimentalarticle.14.Themoonisconsideredidealfortheprojectdueto________.A.sustainedcold B.alackofsunlightC.thebestsecurity D.loweredradiation15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.SpeciesonEartharegraduallyincreasing. B.Thethreatsontheearthareundercontrol.C.Scientistshavehighhopesfor“Noah’sArk”. D.“Noah’sArk”iscurrentlyrunningsmoothly.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球上的“诺亚方舟”计划。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Plansarebeingdrawnupforalunar“Noah’sArk”tohelpsaveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.Thecomingbiorepository,astoragefacilityforfrozensamples,wouldhouselivesamplesfrommostanimalsintheworldandserveasasaveincasethespeciesdisappearedonEarth.(为了拯救濒临灭绝的物种，月球上的“诺亚方舟”计划正在起草中。未来的生物库，一个冷冻样本的储存设施，将容纳世界上大多数动物的活样本，并将作为防止物种在地球上消失的保险库。)”可知，月球上的“诺亚方舟”实际上是一个储存设施。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ScientistsfromtheSmithsonian,HarvardandotherleadingUSinstitutionsareworkingonhowtoobtainsamplesfromat-riskbiodiversityonEarth,freezethemandsendthemtothelunarsurfaceforsafekeeping.InapaperpublishedinthejournalBioScience,theacademicssaytheyhavealreadybeguncreatingaplanforspacestoragebasedonthestarrygoby,abonyfish.(来自史密森学会、哈佛大学和其他美国主要机构的科学家们正在研究如何从地球上濒危的生物多样性中获取样本，将其冷冻并送到月球表面进行保管。在《生物科学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中，学者们表示，他们已经开始制定一项基于星形虾虎鱼，一种硬骨鱼的空间存储计划。)”可知，硬骨鱼是作为研究文章中的样本，出现在项目中的。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theconstantlycoldtemperaturesonthemoonareidealforabiorepositoryofcryopreserved(冷冻保存的)samples,thescientistssay,asitwouldmeanthesystemcouldbepassiveandnotneedapowersupply.(科学家们说，月球上持续的低温非常适合冷冻保存样本的生物储存库，因为这意味着该系统可以是被动的，不需要电源。)”可知，由于持续寒冷，月球被认为是这个项目的理想选择。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘Suchabiorepositorywouldsafeguardbiodiversityandactasameasureagainstitslossoccurringbecauseofnaturaldisasters,climatechange,over-population,resourcedepletion(枯竭),wars,socioeconomicthreatsandothercausesonEarth,’thescientistswrite.‘Thisisadecades-longprogramme,’thescientistswrite.‘ProtectingEarth’slifemustbeatoppriorityintherushonthemoonsitesforindustriesandmanytypesofscience.’(科学家们写道：‘这样一个生物储存库将保护生物多样性，并作为一种措施，防止自然灾害、气候变化、人口过剩、资源枯竭、战争、社会经济威胁和地球上其他原因造成的生物多样性损失。这是一个长达数十年的项目，保护地球的生命必须成为工业和多种科学在月球上的首要任务。’)”和最后一段“NASAisalsointerestedinthesouthpoleofthemoonforthesamepermanentlyshadowedregionsbecausetheymayalsohosticeandthiscouldhelpestablishahumanpossessiononthemoon.(美国国家航空航天局也对月球南极的永久阴影地区感兴趣，因为那里可能也有冰，这可能有助于人类在月球上定居。)”可知，科学家对“诺亚方舟”寄予厚望。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sometimes,decidingwhichprojectsshouldbeyourtopprioritycanbeenergy-consumingwhenyoudon’thavemuchtospare.___16___,evenwhenyou’reclearaboutthetasksathand.Trythe3-3-3method.ThistechniqueisproposedbyOliverBurkeman,whosuggestsplanningeachworkdaybasedona3-3-3model.___17___.Butyouhavetobesuretheworkisonyourmostcrucialproject.Next,completethreeotherurgenttasksthatdon’tdemandthreehoursofconcentratedeffort.Finally,undertakethree“maintenance”tasks,suchascleaning,replyingtoemails,orschedulingotherwork.___18___.Itcategorizesyourresponsibilitiesbasedonurgencyandimportance.You’llneedtoconsidernotonlythetimelinessofthetasksyouneedtodobutalsotheresourcestheywillconsume.Whatsetsthismethodapartfromotherproductivitystrategiesisthoseinitialthreehoursofdeepwork.Startingwiththemmeansyou’llbefresh,concentrated,andmorelikelytobeabletostartataskwithoutgettingdiverted(分心的).___19___Deepworkleadstosignificantproductivity.So,you’llachievealotifyoucommittoit.___20___.It’sadvisabletohavethosethreeother,smallertaskslinedupandreadysothatyoucanremainproductiveevenwhenswitchingtolessdemandingresponsibilities.Finally,maintenancetasksprovideabreakandhelpwithpreparation.Finalizewhatyouwereworkingonduringthreeintensehours.Orgetreadyforthenextday’swork.A.The3-3-3methodhelpsclassifytasksB.HavingsmallertasksreadyisbeneficialC.SetoffbydevotingthreehourstodeepworkD.KeepthosethreehoursfreefromminordutiesE.The3-3-3methodisbetterthanotherstrategiesF.However,youcan’tremaininthatmindsetforeverG.Butyoustillneedtofigureouthowtoprioritizethem【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.D20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一种提高工作效率的方法——3-3-3工作法。【16题详解】空前“Sometimes,decidingwhichprojectsshouldbeyourtopprioritycanbeenergy-consumingwhenyoudon’thavemuchtospare.(有时候，当你没有多余的时间时，决定哪些项目应该是你的首要任务可能会消耗你的精力。)”说明了决定首要任务可能会消耗精力，根据下文“Trythe3-3-3method.(试试3-3-3方法。)”说明要用下面要说的方法来决定首要任务，因此决定首要任务仍然是必须做的事情，G选项“Butyoustillneedtofigureouthowtoprioritizethem(但你仍然需要弄清楚如何划分优先顺序)”说明了仍然需要考虑优先任务，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】空后“Next,completethreeotherurgenttasksthatdon’tdemandthreehoursofconcentratedeffort.Finally,undertakethree“maintenance”tasks,suchascleaning,replyingtoemails,orschedulingotherwork.(接下来，完成另外三个不需要三小时集中精力的紧急任务。最后，承担三个‘维护’任务，如清洁，回复电子邮件，或安排其他工作。)”说明的是接下来和最后要做的事情，空格处应该说第一个要做什么事情，C选项“Setoffbydevotingthreehourstodeepwork(先花三个小时深入工作)”说明了第一步是先花三个小时深入工作，符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】空格处是本段主旨句，由空后“Itcategorizesyourresponsibilitiesbasedonurgencyandimportance.(它根据紧迫性和重要性对你的职责进行分类。)”可知，本段主要讲的是这种方法可以帮助对任务进行分类，A选项“The3-3-3methodhelpsclassifytasks(3-3-3方法有助于对任务进行分类)”说明了这种方法可以对任务进行分类，概括了本段主旨，可作为主旨句，引领下文。故选A。【19题详解】空前“Whatsetsthismethodapartfromotherproductivitystrategiesisthoseinitialthreehoursofdeepwork.Startingwiththemmeansyou’llbefresh,concentrated,andmorelikelytobeabletostartataskwithoutgettingdiverted(分心的).(这种方法与其他提高效率的策略的区别在于最初的三个小时的深度工作。从它们开始意味着你会精力充沛，注意力集中，更有可能开始一项任务而不会分心。)”说明了在最初的三个小时之内不能分心，也就是在这三个小时之内除了做需要做的任务之外不能做其他任务，D选项“Keepthosethreehoursfreefromminorduties(把这三个小时从琐事中解放出来)”说明了在这三个小时内不要做其他琐事，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】空前“Deepworkleadstosignificantproductivity.So,you’llachievealotifyoucommittoit.(深度工作能带来显著的生产力。所以，如果你坚持下去，你会收获很多。)”说明了深度工作会给你带来收获，空后“It’sadvisabletohavethosethreeother,smallertaskslinedupandreadysothatyoucanremainproductiveevenwhenswitchingtolessdemandingresponsibilities.(建议你把其他三个较小的任务排在一起，准备好，这样即使换到要求较低的工作，你也能保持高效率。)”说明了要把较小的任务排在一起，也就是不能盲目地认为只能深度工作，F选项“However,youcan’tremaininthatmindsetforever(然而，你不可能永远保持这种心态)”与上文构成转折关系，说明了不可能一直处于深度工作状态，承上启下，符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Mysonjustcompletedhighschoolandwhenheleavesforcollegeinthefall,I’ll___21___hislessonsinteenageslang(俚语).Hisslanghasofferedmeanaccidentalbutusefulportrait(描述)ofhowheandhisgeneration___22___theworld.Fromonegenerationtothenext,thetermschanged,butthe___23___typicallydidn’t.Newwordswereroutinely___24___toexpressfamiliarconcepts:onegeneration’s“cool”___25___another’s“dope”andsoon.Membersofmyson’sgenerationhaveavastlysuperiorapproachtoslang.They’vecreatedalanguagethat___26___thenewanddistinctrealitytheyface.“Mid”isanobvious___27___inmyson’susage,thingsthataremidarethingsthatareaverageor___28___below.Everythinginarailwaystationoranairportfallsintothecategoryof“mid”.It’sabrilliant,precisewordforamildly___29___world.Butmyfavoritenewslangwordis“based”—shortfor“basedinfact”or“basedinreality”andoftenusedasatermofagreementwhensomeone___30___adebatableopinion.Thekidsthemselvesarebright.ThatiswhyI’mso___31___tomysonwhogavemeachanceto___32___thelanguageofhisgeneration.Onepurposeofslangistodemonstrategenerational___33___,yetslanghasbroughtmysonandmecloser.Thecurrent___34___createdslangsandthey’veprovedthemselvesmore___35___thanwewere.21.A.teach B.prepare C.miss D.attend22.A.see B.change C.impact D.shape23.A.users B.meanings C.forms D.targets24.A.searched B.defined C.abused D.adopted25.A.leads B.becomes C.causes D.follows26.A.datesfrom B.turnsto C.escapesfrom D.respondsto27.A.example B.tool C.exception D.expression28.A.unbelievably B.terribly C.slightly D.unreasonably29.A.thrilling B.excellent C.indifferent D.disappointing30.A.seeks B.states C.exchanges D.analyzes31.A.helpful B.familiar C.grateful D.sensitive32.A.compare B.approach C.assess D.imitate33.A.ability B.dreams C.shortcomings D.distinction34.A.teenagers B.children C.adults D.seniors35.A.realistic B.considerate C.innovative D.energetic【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.D27.A28.C29.D30.B31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者通过儿子的俚语了解其一代人如何看待世界，以及俚语如何拉近两代人的距离。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我儿子刚刚高中毕业，当他秋天离家去上大学时，我会想念他在青少年俚语方面的课程。