医学英语主要前缀

1．人体主要器官前缀

名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例

心heartcardiao-cardial/carditis/cardiology

脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology

肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontor/pulmonectomy/pulmonology

肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology

胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology

胆gallbladderchole-biliarycholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy

肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀

名称通用名前（后）缀示例

血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/

静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum

绯红crimson

青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes

注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)

含义前（后）缀形容词示例

病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage

-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)

含义前（后）缀示例

相反dis-disease/disorder/disability

困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

坏死-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7．与方位有关的前缀

含义通用词前缀示例

上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis

/pre-

后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial

间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus

/centro-

反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:/原位

8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography

经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。

9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol

醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal

酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone

糖glyco-glycogenolysis

saccharo-saccharomyces

-saccharidepolysaccharide

酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase

素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein

原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin

氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine

10．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic

驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge

抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/det