高一英语语法两篇

PAGEPAGE18高一英语语法-情态动词讲练一、情态动词表推测1.肯定的推测一般用must,should,may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。①Helen_______goonthetripwithusbutsheisn’tquitesureyet.（2005年安徽卷）A.shall

B.must

C.may

D.can②—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.—It___Harry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.（2005年广东卷）A.hastobe

B.willbe

C.mustn’tbe

D.couldbe③Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I_______itsomewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）A.mustdrop

B.musthavedroppedC.mustbedropping

D.musthavebeendropped④IfI____plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.（2005年湖北卷）A.would

B.could

C.hadto

D.oughtto2.否定推测分为两种情况：1）语气不很肯定时，常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers______notlikethedesignofthefurniture.（2004年上海春季卷）A.must

B.shall

C.may

D.need2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。①—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.—Well.He______havegonefar——hiscoat’sstillhere.（2005年湖北卷）A.shouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.can’t

D.wouldn’t②—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,it_______behimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.（2004年全国卷Ⅰ）A.can’t

B.mustnot

C.won’t

D.maynot3.疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How______itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）A.can

B.should

C.may

D.must4.对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must,may,might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can,could,may,might等+完成式”。①Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They_______atleast150kilometersanhour.（2005年重庆卷）A.shouldhavebeendoing

B.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedone

D.wouldhavedone②He_______havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbyseaside.（2005年北京卷）A.should

B.must

C.wouldn’t

D.can’t③—Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisbeabsenttoday?—Something________tohim.（2005年江西卷）A.musthappen

B.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappened

D.musthavehappened④MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe_____haveattendedyourlecture.（2000年上海卷）A.couldn’t

B.needn’t

C.mustn’t

D.shouldn’t二、“情态动词+完成式”1.“should（oughtto）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。①—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You________herlastweek.（2004年福建卷）A．oughttotell

B．wouldhavetoldC．musttell

D．shouldhavetold②Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I_____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.（2002年上海春季卷）A.shouldn’teat

B.mustn’thaveeatenC.shouldn’thaveeaten

D.mustn’teat2.“could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.（2005年山东卷）A.could

B.would

C.must

D.need3.“needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.—Thanks.You______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.（2005年福建卷）A.needn’tdo

B.needn’thavedone

C.mustn’tdo

D.shouldn’thavedone三、常见的情态动词1.shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。①“Theinterest

bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides，”declaredthejudge.（2004年重庆卷）A.may

B.should

C.must

D.shall②—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You______havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.（2004年湖南卷）A.shan’t

B.mightnot

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t③—Theroomissodirty.______wecleanit?—Ofcourse.（2003年北京春季卷）A.Will

B.Shall

C.Would

D.Do2.must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。①John,lookatthetime._______youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour？（2005年全国卷Ⅲ）A.Must

B.Can

C.May

D.Need②Tom,you

leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis！(2005年全国Ⅰ）A.wouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.maynot3.needn’t表示“没有必要”。—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She______.I’vealreadyborrowedone.（2005年湖南卷）A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t4.would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Whenhewasthere,he___gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.（1996年上海卷）A.would

B.should

C.hadbetter

D.might5.表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/wereableto，而不能用could。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.（1997年全国卷）A.hadto

B.would

C.wasableto

D.could6.考查情态动词用作答语的情况①—Writetomewhenyougethome.—_______.（2001年北京春季卷）A.Imust

B.Ishould

C.Iwill

D.Ican②—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname？—Yes,you______.（1998年上海卷）A.will

B.could

C.may

D.might巩固练习：1.Michael______beapoliceman,forheismuchtooshort.A.needn’t

B.can’t

C.should

D.may2.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI____forher.A.hadtowriteitout

B.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitout

D.oughttowriteitout3.Jack_____yet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.A.mustn’thavearrived

B.shouldn’thavearrivedC.can’thavearrived

D.needn’thavearrived4.Sir,you______besittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.A.mustn’t

B.can’t

C.won’t

D.needn’t5.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.should

B.can

C.must

D.will6.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.must

B.can

C.need

D.may7.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_______remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.can

B.will

C.may

D.shall8.Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman______besorudetoalady.A.might

B.need

C.should

D.would9.—Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.

—_______.A.Idon’t

B.Iwon’t

C.Ican’t

D.Ihaven’t10.Ididn’tseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.She____atthemeeting.A.mustn’thavespoken

B.shouldn’thavespokenC.needn’t

havespoken

D.couldn’thavespoken例题答案Key:CDBB

Key:CKey:CA

Key：A

Key:BBDA

Key:DCKey：A

Key:B

Key:DAB

Key:AB

Key:C

Key:AKey：C

Key：CC练习答案与解析1.B

从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn’t意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。2.C

根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。3.C

根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。4.A

从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”。5.B

can在此表示许可。6.D

从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。mustnot不表示推测，cannot的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。7.D

shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。8.Cshould在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。9.B对祈使句的肯定回答用Iwill；否定回答用Iwon’t。10.D根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”，所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’thavedone形式。高一英语语法一.句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式） Smokingdoesharmtohealth.（动名词） WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句） Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。 Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词） Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语） Timeisup.Classisover.（副词） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语） Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的特征或状态的。Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词） Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词） Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组） Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语） Heisproudtohavepassedtheexamination.（不定式短语） Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）（九）同位语：用来说明或者解释同一事物或人，通常放在所说明的名词或者代词之后。可由以下形式表示：Mr.Smith,

ournewteacher,

isverykindtous.

YesterdayImetTom,

afriendofmybrother's.

Thefact

thathehadnotsaidanything

surprisedeverybody．★即时训练：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?15.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.16.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.17.Henoticedamanentertheroom.18.Theapplestastedsweet.二.英语句子分类一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning. TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.三.简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+谓语（不及物动词）：e.g.Wework.3、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+谓语+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+谓语+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.★即时训练：判断简单句的五种基本句型。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.8.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.9.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.10.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.11.Theideasoundsgreat.12.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.13.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.14.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.15.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.四.定语从句讲解(1)（一）定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose,

as等；关系副词有when,

where,

why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

该句中，who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

是定语从句，修饰先行词the

man，

“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the

man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）定语从句的分类

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)（二）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表功能作用用于限制性从句或非限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)

1．who

指人，在定语从句中作主语。

Yesterday

I

helped

an

old

man

who

had

lost

his

way.

昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

That

is

the

teacher

who

teaches

us

physics.

那就是教我们物理的老师。

2．whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr.

Liu

is

the

person

(whom)

you

talked

about

on

the

bus.

刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。

Li

Ming

is

just

the

boy

(whom)

I

want

to

see.

李明正是我想要见的男孩。

注意：关系代词whom

在口语或非正式文体中常可用who

来代替，也可省略。

The

man

(whom

/

who)you

met

just

now

is

my

old

friend.3．Which

指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

This

is

the

pen

(which)

he

bought

yesterday.

这是他昨天买的钢笔。

The

film

(which)

they

went

to

see

last

night

was

not

interesting

at

all.

他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。

4．that

指人时，相当于who

或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Where

is

the

man

that

/

whom

I

saw

this

morning?

我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？

The

person

that

/whom

you

introduced

to

me

is

very

kind.

你介绍给我的那个人很友好。

The

season

that

/

which

comes

after

spring

is

summer.

春天以后的季节是夏季。

Yesterday

I

received

a

letter

that

/

which

came

from

Australia.

昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。*具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1、只能使用that,不用which的情况：*1）当先行词是：all,any,much;little;none;anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。*2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。*3）当先行词有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。*4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who，以避免重复。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？*5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。2、只用which不用that的情况：*1)关系代词前有介词时；e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.*2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday*3)先行词本身是that时；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime

即时训练：Iwilltellhimallyoutoldmeattheball.Theonlythingwecoulddowastowait.ThefirstplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesweremembered.5．Whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I

visited

a

scientist

whose

name

is

known

all

over

the

country.

我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。

He

has

a

friend

whose

father

is

a

doctor.

他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

I

once

lived

in

the

house

whose

roof

has

fallen

in.

我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

The

classroom

whose

door

is

broken

will

soon

be

repaired.

The

classroom

the

door

of

which

is

broken

will

soon

be

repaired.

Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?

Do

you

like

the

book

the

cover

of

which

is

yellow?

（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。

The

school

(which

/

that)

he

once

studied

in

is

very

famous.

The

school

in

which

he

once

studied

is

very

famous.

他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

This

is

the

boy

(whom

/

who

/

that)

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

This

is

the

boy

with

whom

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。★即时训练：一、请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)Eg.1.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.2.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.3.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.4.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.5.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?6.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?7.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.二．定语从句易犯错误（改错）1．SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome．2．Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary．3．Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished．4．Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome．5．Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth．6．Thekeyopensthebikeismissing．7．Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing．8．IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing．9．Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence？10．Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate．三、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman__________wantstoseeyou.2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.5.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.6.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.7.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.8.Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.9.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.10.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.11.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.12.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?13.Shehateseverything_____________ismodern.14.Shewroteabookaboutthepeopleandthings_____________impressedhermostdeeplyduringherstaythere.15.Heistheonlyperson_____________waspresentatthetime.16.Thisisthebestcar_____________ismadeinChina.定语从句讲解(2)关系副词引导的定语从句1．

when

指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。

2．

where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai

is

the

city

where

I

was

born.

上海是我出生的城市。

The

house

where

I

lived

ten

years

ago

has

been

pulled

down.

我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。※如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition,degree和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。

3.

why

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please

tell

me

the

reason

why

you

missed

the

plane.

请告诉我你误机的原因。

The

reason

why

he

was

punished

is

unknown

to

us.

他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

I

don’t

know

the

reason

why

he

looks

unhappy

today.

我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：

From

the

years

when

/

in

which

he

was

going

to

primary

school

in

the

country

he

had

known

what

he

wanted

to

be

when

he

grew

up.

自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。

Great

changes

are

taking

place

in

the

city

where

/

in

which

they

live.

他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。

The

reason

why

/

for

which

he

refused

the

invitation

is

quite

clear.

他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。总的说来,选择介词，一是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配，二是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配，三是根据句子意思表达的需要。1.考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配①Thedocumentswhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.②Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.who B.as C.aboutwhich D.withwhom(2004上海卷)(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配HereferredmetosomereferencebookswhichIamnotveryfamiliar.2.考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：①I’llneverforgetthedaywhichshesaidgoodbyetome.②TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhich B.atwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich3，考查根据句意确定介词①Tom,whomthewindowwasbroken,hasbeencriticizedbyhisteacher.②Iamlookingformyglasses,whichIcan’twatchTVclearly.③Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._____timemanypeoplehavegonehome.A.whose B.that C.onwhich D.bywhich（二）关系代词as和which

引导的定语从句

as

和which

引导非限制性定语从句时，

其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1.

as

和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

He

is

honest,

as

/

which

we

can

see.

他很诚实，

这一点我们看得出来。

2.

as

引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。

which

引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as

常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：

As

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.

众所周知，中国是发展中国家。

John,

as

you

know,

is

a

famous

writer.

正如你所知，

约翰是个著名作家。

注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：

Tom

was

late

for

school

again

and

again,

which

made

his

teacher

very

angry.

汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。

1.

当先行词受such,

the

same

修饰时，关系词常用as。

如：

I’ve

never

heard

such

stories

as

he

tells.

我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。

This

is

the

same

dictionary

as

I

lost

last

week.

这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。

注意：当先行词受the

same

修饰时，偶尔也用

that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：

She

wore

the

same

dress

that

she

wore

at

Mary’s

wedding.

她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。

She

wore

the

same

dress

as

her

younger

sister

wore.

她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。

(三)

以the

way为先行词的限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中当方式状语时，用in

which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：

The

way

(that

/

in

which

)

he

answered

the

questions

was

surprising.

他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。

I

don’t

like

the

way

(that

/

in

which)

you

laugh

at

her.

我不喜欢你冲她的样子。（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：

A.

I

know

a

place

________

we

can

have

a

picnic.

。

I

know

a

place

___________is

famous

for

its

beautiful

natural

scenery.

B.

I

will

never

forget

the

days

__________

we

spent

our

holidays

together.

I

will

never

forget

the

days

____________

we

spent

together.

C.

This

is

the

reason

_________

he

was

dismissed.

这就是他被解雇的原因。

This

is

the

reason

____________he

explained

to

me

for

his

not

attending

the

meeting.

(五)定语从句的其他要点*在定语从句的使用中，oneof后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面theonly时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected?Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident.*先行词为time时，若time当“次数“讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可以省略；若time当“一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when或者介词at/during+which引导定语从句。如：Thisisthesecondtime__________IhavevisitedtheGreatWall.Therewasatime______________Ihatedtogotoschool.巩固练习1.Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.

A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt?

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat3.Pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.A.whose

B.its

C.whichD.whichof4.Theman____hasarrived.

A.whomItoldyou B.thatItoldyouC.whomItoldyouabouthim D.Itoldyouabout5.Doyouknowtheperson____wearetalking?

A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn.

A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.

A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,_____hewillbebackfromShanghai.

A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone.

A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich11.Chinahasmanyislands,___thelargestisTaiwan.

A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.

A.what

B.whereC.thatD.which13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfacestothenorth.

A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernodded?

A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom15.Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what16.Itoldyou____Iknow.

A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom17.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun.

A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyear?

A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone19.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou,sir?

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who20.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.

A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich21.Hewroteseveralsongslastyear,andthreeof_____wereverypopularamongyoungpeople.A.them B.which C.whatD.that22.Doyouremembertheday_____wespent_____climbingMountA.\;going B.when;ingoingC.onwhich;goingD.which;togo23.I’llneverforgetthedays____weplayedtogetherinourchildhood.A.which B.thatC.\ D.when24.Thereason_____hewaslatewas_____hegotuptoolate.A.why,that B.that,why C.why,becauseD.that,because25.Thereason______hetoldussoundsreasonable.A.that B.which C.why D.forwhich26.Thenews______hehaswonthemedalistrueA.thatB.whichC.\D.what27.Thenews______hetoldusisnottrue.Whichisnotright?A.that B.which C.\ D.what28.Thehouse_____havebeenbroken_____toberepaired.A.whichwindows,needs B.whosewindow,needsC.thewindowofit,needD.thewindowsofwhich,needs29.Thechildren____parentsdiedhasjustbeensenttoanorphan’shouse.A.hisB.that C.whose D.which30.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents______latethismorning.A.whoisB.whowas C.whoare D.whowere对比练习：（填空）(1)Theschool_______________heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)Theschoolin_______________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine_______________youaskedfor.

(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazinefor_______________youasked.

(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger_______________wehaveoftentalkedabout.

(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingerabout_______________wehaveoftentalked.

(7)Thisisthewatch_______________Iamlookingfor.(8)Themanwith_______________youtalkedismyfriend.(9)Theplanein_______________weflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(10)Helovedhisparentsdeeply;bothof_______________areverykindtohim.

(11)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof

_______________havegonebad.

(12)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostof_______________arefrombigcities.(13)Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.

Iwillneverforgettheday

__________wespentinBeijing.

(14).Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.

Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.(15)IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.

(16).Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.

(17).Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.

(18).Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.

(19).Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.(20)Doyoulikethebook

____________shespent$10?

(21)Doyoulikethebook

____________shepaid$10?

(22)Doyoulikethebook

____________shelearnedalot?

二、直击高考I.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1.

The

weather

was

very

sunny

the

following

day,

________

was

what

we

expected.

2.

The

man

about

_______

you

told

me

the

other

day

turned

out

to

be

a

thief.

3.

I

have

finished

reading

all

the

books

________

were