移动通信系统简介

移动通信系统简介GSM/CDMA/TD－SCDMA第一局部GSM

GSM系统开展简介1982年,CEPT设立的移动通信特别小组(GroupSpecialMobile即GSM)提出数字蜂窝移动通信系统,任务是指定欧洲900MHz移动系统标准.后来又易名为全球移动通信系统(GlobalSystemforMobileCommunication)1990年确定GSM900移动系统标准,开始制定DCS18001991年第一个GSM900M系统在欧洲开始运行,确定DCS1800标准1992年GSM系统正式投入商业运营DCS1800与GSM900是同一种技术制式,具有同样的根本功能,但系统采用的工作频率为1805-1880MHz(基站发)及1710-1785MHz(发),374个载波信道.GSM900系统发射频段:基站935-960MHz,移动台890-915MHz,双工间隔45MHz,射频载波间隔200kHz,124个载波信道.采用时分多址(TDMA)技术,语音编码采用规那么脉冲鼓励长期预测编码(REP-LPC)算法.GSM系统开展简介GSM移动通信网常用术语移动用户起呼呼叫建立过程移动用户作主叫公网固定呼叫移动用户移动用户作被叫MotorolaBSS(GSM)

结构BTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSRXCDRMSCA-terConcentrationLink(C7)BSCBSSREGIONBSCBTS无线子系统(BSS)GSM接口GSM系统网络结构无线系统设计－BSS子系统－组网介绍MSCRXCDROMCBSSBSCBTSBTSBTSBTSBTSBTS...BSSBSSCCabinet工作温度0Cto50C直流电源+27Vat90A(最大)或-48Vat50A(最大)或-60Vat40A(最大)N+1电源备份N+1处理器板备份1+1数字板容余备份功耗3100W(最大)支持GSM900/1800双频段运作网络结构配置灵活，单个机箱可以 配置为：一个或两个机框的BSC一个或两个机框XCDR一个BSC机框和一个XCDR机框XCDR可置于MSC处，降低传输费用体积2.1X0.7X0.4m(HxWxD)BSSCCabinet支持GSM900/1800双频段运作

BSC容量

项目 数量BTSSites 100BTSCells 250RFCarriers 384Trunks 1920Erlangs 1650BSUXCDR每个XCDR由1个机架组成每个XCDR机架可配置2个RXU机框每个RXU机框可配置:2个GPROC25个MSI16个GDPBSU机框BSU机框RXU常用的名词system系统BTS基站BSC基站控制器XCDR变码器Frequency频率Frequencypoint频点Frequencyplan频率规划TCU载频－收发信机MSC移动交换机BBH基带跳频SFH合成器跳频无线系统设计－移动通信网络的开展

50m高层网

25m骨干网

12m街道网微蜂窝室内分布系统频率范围GSM900接收(uplink)890-915MHz发射(downlink)935-960Mhz收发双工带宽45MHz信道带宽200KHz载频信道数124

DCS1800接收(uplink)1710-1785MHz发射(downlink)1805-1880Mhz收发双工带宽95MHz信道带宽200KHz载频信道数374

无线系统设计－BSS子系统基站控制器〔BSC〕通用处理器(GPROC2)千端口交换板(KSW)通用时钟板(GCLK)多路串行接口板(MSI)半尺寸接口扩展板:千端口交换扩展器(KSWX)时钟扩展器(CLKX)局域网扩展器(LANX)并行接口扩展器(PIX)Non-VolatileMemoryBoard无线系统设计－BSS子系统码速率变换器〔XCDR〕通用处理器(GPROC2)千端口交换板(KSW)通用时钟板(GCLK)多路串行接口板(MSI)GDP板半尺寸接口扩展板:千端口交换扩展器(KSWX)时钟扩展器(CLKX)局域网扩展器(LANX)Non-VolatileMemoryBoardConvertsthesignalfrom64KbsA-lawto13KbsGSMspeechBSC/XCDR连接GPDKSWMSIMSIKSWMSINIUMCUTCUNIUMCUTCUMSCXCDRBSCBTSBTS无线系统设计－BSS子系统－基站〔BTS〕室内基站室外基站基站类型SITETYPE全向站:O1/O2/O4定向站:1/1/1,2/2/2,4/4/4,6/6/6,8/8/82/2,3/3基站设备类型宏蜂窝:Horizon/M-cell微蜂窝:Horizonmicro,Horozoncompact

室内分布系统:Horizonoffice宏室内

BTS-HorizonMacro-Indoor

特性描述:

全球最小的6载波的室内BTS

支持SFH

可垒置，容纳12个CTU

可按照双频带机柜配置益处:

与

M-Cell系列基站全兼容降低功耗轻松的安装-在1米以下

100%前端插入设备集成化和可靠性高支持GSM900/1800双频段运作

在基站选址困难时，可灵活使用于集装箱式基站载波单元RF模块电源数字处理板天线室内基站：

高度： 单机柜小于0.85M,可叠放 在一起，高度小于2M(12载波) 占地面积:400mmx700mm.

重量：单机框满配置时少于120公斤

两机框叠放少于255公斤

环境：-5oC至+45oC

供电： 交流88-264V,45to66Hz

直流+27Vor–48/60V

耗电： 1.4

千瓦

整机噪声：小于48dB支持GSM900/1800双频段运作宏室内

BTS-HorizonMacro-Indoor室外基站：高度： 低于1.5米(不能叠放在一起)占地面积： 560mmx1300mm重量：满配置少于500公斤环境： -40oC至+45oC供电： 交流88–264V,45to66Hz电池:内部电池可供电10分钟,一个外部电池机柜可供电4小时支持GSM900/1800双频段运作宏室外

BTS-HorizonMacro-Outdoor

可用于选址困难的基站，如楼顶微蜂窝基站硬件HorizonMicroM-Cellarena

微蜂窝2TRX基站,1.2W(GSM900)2TRX基站,1.0W(GSM1800)可安装于墙壁或立柱上

-40oCto+50oC可进行合成器跳频(SFH)

大于5分钟的备用电池可选的内置天线可选的内置HDSL47.1x54.2x16.8cm³,20公斤150W功耗支持GSM900/1800双频段运作单人操作－30分钟；迅速入网－10minutes;所需安装面积小－两侧孔隙只需10公分微蜂窝安装开通-快捷解决覆盖问题HORIZONmicro-compact带功率提升器的微蜂窝可用作山区主要交通线、高层、街道层或室内微蜂窝分布系统的覆盖补点频段GSM900GSM1800最大输出功率10W/carrier功耗200W工作温度-40°to+50°供电88-264VAC45-65Hz体积(W/D/H)500mm/170mm/250mm重量15kgHorizonmicro+Booster天线10WBuildingssharedbymultipleenterprisesAsingleclustercontrollersupportsusercommunitiesfrom4singlecarriercellsdeliversserviceto4enterpriseseachwith21users=84totalusers24singlecarriercellsdeliversserviceto24enterprisesof21users=504totalusersAnymixtureof1,2,3,4carriercellssupportedupto24radiounitsperclustercontrollerForWirelessEnterprise0.5%blockingand100mEpersubisassumed第二局部CDMA

内容码分多址的根本原理码分多址的关键技术摩托罗拉码分多址系统的根本构成和部件功能信号流程分析

内容码分多址的根本原理码分多址的关键技术摩托罗拉码分多址系统的根本构成和部件功能信号流程分析目标不同用户是如何用码区分出来的三种CDMA码的用途CDMA逻辑信道的划分StrategiesofMultipleAccess(FDMA)FDMA30kHzFrequencyTime频分多址接入：通过频道区分用户，U-TACS：△fi=25KHz,第一代蜂窝系统,C/I>=17dB,7*3复用StrategiesofMultipleAccess(TDMA)1231TDMA

30kHzFrequencyTime时分多址接入：通过时隙区分用户，GSM：TS0-TS7,帧长=4.615ms,△fi=200KHz,第一代蜂窝系统,C/I>=9dB,4*3复用,复用深度比FDMA深StrategiesofMultipleAccess(CDMA)CDMA1.23MHzFrequencyTime码分多址接入：通过地址码区分用户(正交或准正交的地址码),与GSM相比共同点是共用一个频段,不同点是自干扰系统,同时一直使用同一个频段，Is-95：△fi=1.2288MHz,采用关键技术:扩频,C/I>=-15dBCDMA与FDMA、TDMA信道利用方式比较positiveafterfiltering1231TDMA

30kHzFrequencyTimeFDMA30kHzFrequencyTimeDS-CDMA1.23MHzFrequencyTime

CDMACDMA通信网BTSCBSCCBSPLMNData

networksACISDNHLRPSTNABCVMSOASSMSSMP基站子系统BSS交换子系统SSS智能网其他网络增值业务ABC 管理和计费中心AC 鉴权中心BSC 基站控制器BTS 基站CBS 小区广播业务HLR 归属位置寄存器MSC 移动业务交换中心OAS 运营辅助业务SCP 业务控制点SMP 业务管理点SMS 短消息业务SSP 业务转接点VLR 访问位置寄存器VMS 语音信箱业务Um接口VLRGMSC/MSC/SSPSCPOMSCDMA通信网-IS41协议目的:完成移动台的自动漫游功能以及移动交换中心间的切换功能;对象:MSC、VLR、HLR、AUC、SME和SMC之间的接口;使用:采用NO.7方式传递移动应用局部(MAP),其中包括了消息流程、消息和参数的定义及具体的编码，要求使用七号信令的MTP、SCCP、TCAP传输MAP消息。CDMA通信网-A+接口目的: 实现不同厂家无线子系统和交换子系统之间的互连互通;IS-634: 由USTIA/EIA借鉴ETISGSMPhase1标准，结合北美地区的具体情况，在1995年12月定制出IS-634Rev0(第一稿)。1998年6月，增加对OTASP，DataCall，PacketTransport等业务的支持，形成IS-634RevACDGIOS: 由CDG组织(CDMADevelopmentGroup)在现有IS-634RevA的根底上,明确定义了原有的一些可选项，精简了消息流程，提高了消息传递的有效性。CDMA物理信道Tx:870--880MHzRx:825--835MHzCDMAChannelNumbersandCorrespondingFrequenciesCDMA首选载波分配SystemDesignatorPreferredSetChannelNumbersA283(Primary)691(Secondary)B384(Primary)777(Secondary)频率使用方案IS-95A及cdma20001x系统频道间隔为1.23MHz中心频率在AMPS的283号频道为CDMA的根本频道，逐步从高端向低端扩展使用的CDMA频道的中心频点位置依此为242号、201号、160号、119号、78号和37号。反向信道(到基站〕：825845MHz前向信道〔基站到〕：870890MHz在AMPS中一个频道为0.03MHz，f=N*0.03+825CDMA如何用码区分不同基站或扇区PNPNPNShortPNcode:0511速率1.2288Mchips/sShortPNcode间隔64chips,覆盖距离16公里WashCode在CDMA中的作用WalshcodeWalshcodeWalshcodeWalshcodeWalshcodeWalshcodeWashCode共有64个，区分同一扇区不同的前向信道Pilot〔导频信道〕：W〔0〕Sync〔同步信道〕：W〔32〕Paging〔寻呼信道〕：W〔1-7〕Traffic〔业务信道〕：其他washcode,动态分配PNCODE0100 0 1 11 0 0 40 1 0 21 0 1 51 1 0 61 1 1 70 1 1 30 0 1 11425673PNCODE50100 0 1 11 0 0 41 1 0 61 1 1 70 1 1 31 0 1 50 1 0 20 0 1 1146732DirectSequenceSpreadingSpectrumDi(t) 1101001111Ci(t) 1001110100Di(t)Ci(t) 0100111011Di(t)Ci(t) 0100111011Ci(t) 1001110100Di(t)Ci(t)Ci(t) 1101001111++++Di(t)+Ci(t)Di(t)Ci(t)+

+1+1+1-1-1-1D(t)C(t)D(t).C(t)TimeDomainFrequencyDomainDirectSequenceSpreadingSpectrumCDMA系统中采用的编码Walsh码

在CDMA前向逻辑信道中使用,以区分同一小区或扇区用户正交性

Wi•Wi=1Wi•Wj=0(I

j)Walsh码递归公式H1=0，H2=0001H4=，0000010100110110H2N=HNHNHNHN8阶Walsh码W0 00000000W1 01010101W2 00110011W3 01100110W4 00001111W5 01011010W6 00111100W7 01101001GenerationofPNSequencesStage1Stage2Stage3+OutputSequenceT0 001T1 100T2 110T3 111T4 011T5 101T6 010T7 001OutputSequence:C(t)=100111010011101001110...RepeatPN短码偏置64chips32,768chips/64=512PNoffsets......PNchipsCDMA系统中采用的编码长码

用于反向逻辑信道区分不同用户

伪随机序列

242-1unit

在前向链路上对业务及寻呼信道进行扰码TheLongCodeOffsets64chips

......4.4Trillion/64=69BillionoffsetsPNchipsAccessChannelsReverseTrafficChannelsTheLongCodeMaskCDMAChannelsCDMAPhysicalChannel:ForwardandReverseChannel：

Thebandwidthofonephysicalchannelis1.23MHzCDMALogicalChannel：

Forward:

PilotchannelSyncchannelPagingchannelTrafficchannelReverse:

AccesschannelTrafficchannelCDMAForwardChannelsPilotChannel:

initialmeasurementphasereferenceusedfordecodingotherforwardlogicalchanneldistinguishbetweendifferentcellsandsectorseachforwardphysicalchannelhasonepilotchannelCDMAForwardChannelsSyncChannel:

provideMSwithabsolutesystemtiming&systemconfigurationinformationincluding:

SystemIDNetIDPilotPNoffsetSystemTimeLongCodestateatSystemTimePagingChannelDataRate.onesyncchannelwithineachforwardphysicalchannelCDMAForwardChannelsPagingChannel:

transmitssystemoverheadinformationtoallactiveMS

theAccesschannelNo.;Nom-pwroffset;theinitialpoweroffsetstep;theincrementalpowerstep;thenumberofAccessprobepersequence;thetime-outwindowbetweenAccessprobes;therandomizationtimebetweenAccessprobes;

providemessagewithaparticularMSuptosevencanbeconfigtoeachforwardphysicalchannelCDMAReverseChannels

AccessChannel:

MSinitiatecommunicationwithBTSrespondtoanymessagereceivedwhileinanidlestateoneaccesschannelassociatedwitheachpagingchannelCDMATrafficChannelsTrafficChannel:

supportsvoiceordatatrafficbetweenMSandBTScarriessomesignalingmessageCDMA前向信道结构PilotChanPagingCh1PagingCh7SyncChanCodeCh1•••W1W32W7W8W0UptoFORWARDCDMACHANNEL(1.23MHzchanneltransmittedbybasestation)Code

ChPCode

ChSCode

Ch55W63•••UptoCode

ChN••••••W=CodeChannelMobileStationPowerControlSub-ChannelFundamentalCodeChannelDataUptoMobileStationPowerControlSub-ChannelFundamentalCodeChannelDataSupplementalCodeChannelDataUpto•••ForwardTrafficChannelconsistingofonecodechannelForwardTrafficChannelconsistingofmultiplecodechannelsCDMA根本原理Pilot Sync Paging Traffic DSSbyWalsh0DSSbyWalsh32DSSbyWalsh1-7DSSbyremaining55Walshcodes64logical

channelsarecombinedThenquadraturespreadusingpilotPNcodeForwardCDMAOverheadChannelStructuresForwardTrafficChannelStructureCDMA反向信道结构REVERSECDMACHANNEL(1.23MHzchannelreceivedbybasestation)AccessChannelassociatedwithPagingCh1AccessChannelassociatedwithPagingChPTrafficChanTTrafficChan1FundamentalCodeChannelSupplementalCodeChannel1SupplementalCodeChannelSAddressedbyLongCodePNsAccessChannelassociatedwithPagingChPAccessChannelassociatedwithPagingCh1.....................CDMA根本原理Spreadbylongcode(offset)Spreadbylongcode(offset)AccessTrafficQuadraturespreadusingpilotPNcodewithoutanyoffsetAccessChannelStructureReverseCDMATrafficChannelStructureSimpleConvolutionalEncoderInput:101Output1:111Output1:101Outputstream:111011Interleaver

Considera16bitsizeinterleaverwithdigits1through16.ABlockinterleavingmethodwouldinputthebitsincolumnsas:

1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12,13, 14, 15, 16,

andreadthemoutinrowas：

1,5,9,13,2,6,10,14,3,7,11,15,4,8,12,16alsoreadoutwithaBitReversaltechniqueas:

1,9,5,13,3,11,7,15,2,10,6,14,4,12,8,16InterleaverBursterrorQuadratureSpreadingSummaryofCodes&Channels

内容码分多址的根本原理码分多址的关键技术摩托罗拉码分多址系统的根本构成和部件功能信号流程分析KernelTechniqueofCDMACELPPowerControlSoftHand-OffCELPCodeExcitedLinearPredictiveCompresseddigitalvoicebetweenXCandMSUsesmuchlessdatatoapproximatetheoriginalsignal8Kor13KVocoderOutputRatesFullrateHalfrateQuarterrateEighthrate9600bps1200bps2400bps4800bps1800bps3600bps7200bps14400bps8kpsvocoder13kpsvocoderVoiceEncodingPCMEncodingCELPEncodingPCMCELPPowerControlReverseOpenLoopReverseClosedLoopForwardClosedLoopCDMA的通话方式SC4812T–48PowerConversionShelfPowerControlmethod：反向开环功率控制，反向闭环功率控制，(1.25ms)前向闭环功率控制，(15-20ms)

Philosophy：lessisbetter功率控制ForwardReverse远近效应Basedon:powermeasurement(Eb/No)frameerrorrate(FER)开环功率控制TimeAccessProbesInitialPowerInitialPower+openloopcorrectionTxPower(dbm)软切换NarrowBandBreakBeforeMakeCellsCompeteHardHand-OffMobilePositionCellACellBSoftHandoffSignalStrengthABCDMAMakeBeforeBreakCellsTeamupSoftHand-OffFDMA&TDMA切换CDMA软切换Make-before-breakTD-SCDMA接力切换Make-before-break减少由于切换产生的掉话CDMA小区/扇区切换采用软/更软切换切换是先接续再中断效劳质量高，有效减低掉话CellSiteAHANDOFFCellSiteBMAKEAMPSGSMBREAKCellSiteACellSiteBCellSiteACellSiteBCDMA中断其它无线系统小区/扇区切换采用硬切换切换是先中断再接续容易产生掉话减低掉话，提高效劳质量。Rake接收机软切换导频集ActiveActiveActiveNeighborNeighborNeighborNeighborNeighborNeighborNeighborRemainingRemaining有效导频集

相邻导频集

剩余导频集

候选导频集软切换Threshold&TimerT-AddT-CompT-DropT-TdropSearch,compare,combine,thenSofthandoffCDMASummary频率规划简单234443243CELL1CELL1CELL1211111411111111GSM：N=4频率复用CDMA：N=1频率复用工程设计简单，扩容方便。CDMA与GSM的小区容量比照：CDMA10MHz8个CDMA载波每载波、每扇区20个话音信道每小区3个扇区频率复用系数=1支持有效话音信道数=8*20*3=480去除BCCHGSM10MHz50个GSM载波(10MHz/200KHz)每载波8个时隙(包括控制信道和业务信道)每小区3个扇区频率复用系数(通常)=4可配置的站型为S444支持有效话音信道数=48*8*/4=96>87在相同频谱利用度的情况下，CDMA的容量是GSM的5.5倍。与GSM相比：覆盖大CDMA小区覆盖随负载的变化而变化在无负载的情况下，小区半径是标准GSM的3倍。在每扇区20信道的负载条件下，半径是标准GSM的倍。GSM小区在加载的情况下，覆盖保持不变。反向链路预算比较：在反向链路预算上，CDMA比GSM高5dB。在相同覆盖条件下，基站数量大大减少节省投资。CDMA特点和优势提高效劳质量节省投资减低运营本钱提高运营商的竞争能力扩频/编码功率控制软切换/更软切换可变速编码器为运营商带来的好处容量高节省设备投资提高频率利用率话音质量高提高服务质量争取用户覆盖大节省设备投资网络频率规划简单减少工程设计工作量，扩容方便。增强的私密和安全性提高网络的安全性，为用户提供安全保障。减少掉话提高服务质量争取用户延长手机电池使用时间提高用户的方便和通话可靠性减少对其它电子系统的干扰话音激活(通常系数为0.4)“绿色”手机特点技术

内容码分多址的根本原理码分多址的关键技术摩托罗拉码分多址系统的根本构成和部件功能信号流程分析MotorolaCDMACellularSystemXCPC-TranscoderPC

UsedtoinitializethetranscoderOperationsMaintenanceProcessorpriortogeneraltranscodersubsysteminitialization.BTS-BaseTransceiverStation

TheBTSprovidestheairinterfacebetweentheMSandtheland-basedinfrastructure.LMF-LocalMaintenanceFacility

UsedbytheCellularFieldEngineerforinitialBTSinstallationtestingandcalibration,andsubsequentfieldtroubleshooting.RFDS-RadioFrequencyDiagnosticSubsystem

Optionalsubsystemusedfortestingcallflowpathsthoughthesystem.AutomatedtestscriptsareinitiatedfromtheOMC-Rbyoperationspersonnel.ProductFamilyOverviewProductFamilyOverviewUNO-UniversalNetworkOperations

Ahardware/softwaresystem,usedinconjunctionwithXTERMs,orworkstations,toprovideagraphicaluserinterfaceforoperationsandmaintenancepersonnel.XTERM-AterminalthatprovidesagraphicaluserinterfacebasedontheXWindowSystemdevelopedatMIT.TTE-TrunkTestEquipment

Sage930Atestequipment.UsedinconductionwiththeRFDStoimplementtheSystemAudioLoopbackTest(SALT).NetPlan-NetPlanisMotorola’spremierRFnetworkdesignandplanningtool,usedtoassistengineersinoptimizingandimplementingwirelessnetworksbyprovidinganaccurateandreliablepredictionofcoverage.Withadatabasethattakesintoaccountdatasuchasterrain,clutter,andantennaradiationpatterns,aswellasanintuitivegraphicalinterface,NetPlangivesRFengineersastate-of-the-arttoolto:

DesignWirelessNetworksPlanNetworkExpansionsOptimizeNetworkPerformanceDiagnoseSystemProblemsCDMASimulator-NetPlan,withtheoptionalCDMASimulator,supportsmodelingofallaspectsofaCDMAnetwork,including:

SoftHand-offParameters

DynamicPowerControlForwardandReverseLinkSignalAnalysis(Eb/No)Thesimulatorusespropagationdata,trafficdensitydistributions,mobilespeeddistributions,andRayleighfadingcharacteristics.Thesimulatoridentifiesproblemregions,andallowstheinteractiveadjustmentofkeyCDMAparameterstooptimizetotalsystemperformance.ProductFamilyOverviewCOMPASCellular-OperationalMeasurementPerformanceAnalysisSystem

COMPASisasoftwareapplicationpackagecapableofflexibleanalysisofCDMAcellularsystemfielddata.TheCOMPAStoolcanbeusedthroughouttheplanning,acceptancetest,andoperationalphasesofcellularsystemdeployment.COMPASprocessesCDMAfielddatagatheredfromDiagnosticMonitorsassociatedwithmobiles,theBaseSiteController,andspectrumanalyzers,andprovidestheuserwithacomprehensivemeansforanalyzingsuchdata.COMPASiscompatiblewithmanydatagatheringtools,includingMotorola’sSystemMonitoringApplicationProcessor(SMAP)andCDMAAdvancedMobilePhoneSimulator(CAMPS)products,Qualcomm’sDiagnosticMonitor(DM),andSAFCO’sOPAS.SMAP-SystemMonitoringApplicationProcessor

SMAPprovidesdetailedinformationabouttheRFperformanceofaCDMAsystem.ThisinformationcanbeusedfordiagnosingasystemduringinstallationandFOAdeploymentactivities,duringtheoptimizationphase,ortoprovideabasisofcontinuousqualityanalysisofasystemincommercialuse.SMAPcanmonitorinformationonanindividualcall,sector,orcell.SMAPisthemechanismbywhichlinkinformationisgatheredandstoredduringdrivetestingandoptimizationofacellorcluster.Thisinformationislogged,andcanbeusedforadditionalpost-processinganalysis.ProductFamilyOverviewCAMPS-CDMAAdvancedMobilePhoneSimulatorCAMPSisaPC-basedtoolwhichrunsundertwobasicmodes:scriptingandstandard.ThescriptingmodeallowsaCDMAtestengineertotesttheerrorlegsofacellularphonecall.ThestandardmodeallowsafieldengineertoplacephonecallsonaCDMAsystemtogatherRFandcallprocessingmetrics.ProductFamilyOverviewOVERVIEWOFPUMAMMWITHMAJORITEMSETHERNETTOKENRINGSS7SSCXROCXCPUSSCYETHERNETCPUROCYFRONTOFMMBACKOFMMSCSIBUS0SCSIBUS1DATDRIVEHOST2PRIMARY(DRIVE1)HOST1PRIMARY(DRIVE0)CDROMDRIVEHOST2MIRROR(DRIVE1)HOST1MIRROR(DRIVE0)TranscoderShelfMSIandXCDRModulesKSWModuleBTC,GCLKandGPROCModulesOVERVIEWOFOMC-RWITHMAJORITEMSFRONTOFOMC-RBACKOFOMC-RCIRCUITBREAKERPANELARCPOWERINVERTERSCIRCUITBREAKERBOXIMACS601DISKARRAYPROCESSORMISC.PATCHPANELPATCHPANEL(FOREXTERNALCONNECTIONS)E-NETHUBDISKARRAYPROCESSORPOWERCONNECTORSPOWERCONNECTORSSTATUSLEDSOVERVIEWOFUNIVERSALCABINETWITHMAJORITEMSGNDBARGNFUSEPANELDSUXCROSSPANELIMACS90145mmSpacingforcoolingOVERVIEWOFTRANSCODERFRAMEWITHMAJORITEMSHALFSIZECARDSDIGITALPOWERSUPPLIESPOWERDISTRIBUTIONGAGESFULLSIZECARDSUPPERXCCAGESDIGITALPOWERSUPPLIESUPPERFANMODULESLOWERXCCAGESLOWERFANMODULESBIBORT43IBCARDSCABLEGAGES(CANBEUSEDTOROUTESIGNALCABLES)FRONTVIEW&BACKVIEWOFDSUFRAMEFT100FT100FT100FT100POWERSUPPLYPOWERSUPPLYBuildoutwardfromhereFrontofDSUBackofDSUForthefirstMMBuildoutwardfromhereTOPVIEWOFTRANSCODERFRAMEGPSRECEIVERINTERFACECUSTOMERI/OAMRMODULEUPPERXCCAGELOWERXCCAGE(-48V)(-48V)RETURNFIBERCABLESFEED-THRU

内容码分多址的根本原理码分多址的关键技术摩托罗拉码分多址系统的根本构成和部件功能信号流程分析CallFlowLand-to-Mobile

BTSLogicalChannelMobileStation1.Pagemessage Paging Notificationof incomingcall2.Receivesmessage Access PageResponse messageSetsuptrafficchannels4.Sendsnulldata Forwardtraffic Receivesdata,syncs withBTS5.ChannelAssignment Paging Tellswhichtrafficmessage channeltouse setsuptrafficchannels6.Beginstransmitting Forwardtraffic ReceivesdataframesdataframesLand-to-MobileBTSLogicalChannelMobileStation7.SyncswithMS Reversetraffic Recognizesnulldata

sequence,Sendspre- ambleinformation8.BasestationAck- Forwardtraffic Receivesdataframesnowledgementmessage9.Receivesdata Reversetraffic SendsnulldataForwardandreverselinksareestablished10.Alertwithinfor- Forwardtraffic Rings,vibrates,oralertsmationmessage user11.Twouserare Reversetraffic Useranswersconnectconnected message12.Userconversation Forward UserConversation Reversetraffic

LandlineUserEndsCallBTSLogicalChannelMobil