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方位介词图解方位介词如:Becareful,thereisaheavyboxoveryourhead。Thesunisabovethemountainintheeast。Therearesomestampsonthedesk。Thepositionhepointedtowasbelowthesealevel。Thelittlemouseisunderthetable,soitisnoteasytofindit。TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,acrossdesert,overmountains,throughvalleys,tillatlastitreachesthesea。ThecrowdofpeoplewalkedpasttheCityHalltotheCenterSquare。at,in两词均表示地点,“在……处”。at用于指较小的地方,如在门牌号码前;in用于指较大的地方。如:We’llmeeteachotheratthepark。我们将在公园见面。Mr.WhitelivedinHongKongfor20years。怀特先生在香港生活了20年。in,on,to用在方位名词前的区别三词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内;to表示在某范围之外;on表示“毗邻”、“接壤”。如:Shandongprovinceis/liesintheeastofChina。(在某范围之内)Shandongis/liestothesoutheastofHebeiprovince。(在某范围之外)Mongoliais/liesonthenorthofChina。(接壤)from,outof二词均表示来源或出处。from侧重起点,意为“从……”;outof侧重于从里向外,意为“从……里出来”。如:Theshoutingofthesoldiers’drillingcouldbeheardfromtheplayground。Shetookthepassportoutofherhandbagandshowedittothepoliceman。Wearemovingoutofourflat。ThetrainfromLondonarriveshereatnineo’clock。时间介词at,in,on,byat的用法用于表示时间点、时刻等。如:at12:00,atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,atdawn,atdaybreak;用于表示较短暂的一段时间,可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如:atChristmas。in的用法表示在某个较长的时间内(如世纪、朝代、年代、月及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等)。如:inthe1980s,inQingDynasty,inOctober,inthemorning/afternoon/evening。表示在一段时间之后。如:I’llbebackinanhour。我将在一小时后回来。表示“及时”:intime。on的用法用于表示具体的日子或一个待定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等。如:onOctoberthefirst,onarainyday,onNationalDay。用于表示特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如:ontheeveofvictory,onthemorningofJanuarythethird,ontheafternoonofhisarrival。表示“准时,按时”:ontime。by的用法表示“不迟于……,在(某时)前”。如:Hemusthavearrivedtherebynow。他现在一定已经到了。We’llhavefinishedtheworkbyteno’clocktomorrow。我们在明天十点之前就会完成工作。表示“在……期间”“在……时间内”。如:Heworkedbynightandsleptbyday。他晚上工作,白天睡觉。说明:当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,some,every等词限定时,通常不用任何介词。after,inin表示时间,常表示“在……时间之内”,有时in还有“在……时间之后”的意思,但表示此意时,必须具备两个条件:(1)所修饰的动词必须表将来;(2)后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可,否则应用after或later来表达。如:Myfatherwillbebackinthreedays。我父亲将在三天以后回来。Myfatherwillbebackafter3o’clock。我父亲将在3点后回来。Myfathercamebackafter3days/3daysafter/3dayslater。我父亲是在3天后回来的。工具、手段、方式介词by,in,on三词都表示旅行的方式不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不带冠词。如bysea,bywater,byland,byrail,byair等。涉及交通工具的名词时用by,但名词需用单数,其前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如bybike,bytaxi,byplane,byship/boat,bytrain,byspaceship等。当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如:traveltoNewYorkinthisplane,leaveonanearlytrain,gotoschoolonmybike等。说明:步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如:onfoot,onhorseback,onahorse,onthecamel。with,by,in三词均译为“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式。、with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。如:Theyarediggingwithapick/spade。Weseewithoureyes,hearwithourears,andwalkwithourlegs。by,in,on(over,through)等多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如byhand,inink,onthetelephone,overtheradio,throughthetelescope等。说明:使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示,如:inEnglish/Japanese,inblueink。表达“用……方法/方式”时,所用介词分别为:inthis/that/thesamewaybymeansofbythis/thatmeanswiththis/thatmethod原因介词原因介词有:becauseof,dueto,thankstobecauseof“因为,由于”,通常作状语,位于句首或句中。dueto“由于,因为”,通常作表语。thanksto“幸亏,多亏”,既可用于褒义,又可用于贬义,多用于句首。如:ThesportsmeetingwillbeputofftillnextSaturdaybecauseoftheheavyrain。Hisillnesswasduetosmokinganddrinking。ThankstotheParty’sgoodpolicy,thefarmersarenowlivingahappyandrichlife。易错知识总结for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.=sb.+be+adj.+todosth.当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时,用of。常见的形容词有kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish,considerate,polite,impolite,cruel等。如:Itiskindoftheteacherstohelpsupportthepoorstudents。=Theteachersarekindtohelpsupportthepoorstudents。Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.当形容词说明不定式的性质时,用for。常见的形容词有important,necessary,possible,impossible等。如:Itisquiteimportantforustoprotectourenvironment。on与in表示处于某种状态on用于表示动态状况,如正在从事某项活动或处于某种运动状态之中。如:onbusiness出差;onavisit在访问;onstrike在罢工;onsale在出售;onshow在上映;onwatch在站岗/放哨;onfire在着火;onvacation/holiday在度假。in多用于表示静态状况,如安全、危险、健康、涉及人的情绪等。如:introuble陷入困境;indanger处于危险中;inorder有序,有条理;insurprise惊讶地;insilence默默地;inhigh/lowspirits情绪高涨/低落。besides,except,but,otherthan,exceptfor的区别用于否定句时,besides,except与but可相互替换。如:Nootherstudentspassedthedifficultmathexamexcept/besides/butLinTaoandWuDong。用于肯定句时的区别except意为:notincluding除……之外(不再有……)。如:WeallpassedtheexamexceptTom。除汤姆(没及格)外,我们都及格了。(汤姆没及格)说明:当except用于句首时,后面往往要加上for。如:Exceptforthis,everythingisingoodorder。=Everythingisingoodorderexceptthis。除此之外,一切状况良好。besides意为:inadditionto除……之外(还有……)。如:WeallpassedtheexambesidesTom。除了汤姆外,我们也都及格了。(汤姆也及格了)注意:besides在句中的位置较灵活,可放在句首,亦可放在句中;而except多放在句中。此外,except前几乎总有all,any,every,no及其复合词等,而besides前可用,也可不用,依句意而定。如:Heansweredallthequestionsexceptthelastone。除最后一个问题没有答外,其余问题他都答了。Ihaveafewfriendsbesidesyou。除了你之外,我还有几个朋友。AllofthemwenttoBeijinglastsummerbesidesTom。除了汤姆外,他们去年夏天也都去了北京。exceptfor表示“除了(因为)……”之意,用来表示从某一细节方面来修正前面概括性的说法,其后的宾语一般与句子所涉及的东西不属同类。如:Thecompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes。这篇作文很好,只是有一些拼写错误。except和but/otherthan后都可接名词、代词、动名词、动词原形,并且可以互换;但except后接副词、介词短语、when从句等时,but/otherthan不可替换except。如:Hehasalwaysbeeninhighspiritsexceptrecently。除近来外,他总是精神饱满。(副词)Thewindowisneveropenedexceptinsummer。除夏季外,这扇窗户从不打开。(介词短语)HehasalwaysbeenbusyexceptwhenitisSunday。除星期日外,他总是很忙。(when从句)but,except后都可接that从句作宾语,两者可以互换。如:Iaskednothingfromhimbut/exceptthatheshouldwritetomeeveryotherweek。我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。besides还可用作副词,意为“inaddition;also;moreover;furthermore(而且;还有)”。如:Idon’twanttogo;besides,Iamtootired。我不想去,再说我也太累了。in与of表示比较的范围二词均可引出一个可供比较的范围,适用于形容词和副词的最高级,指三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较。但是in表示限定在某个范围内的最高级;of表示同一类人或事物中的最高级;of还可以用于两类两者之间的比较,但比较级前需加定冠词the。如:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina。Marysingsbestintheschool。Ofalltheboys,Jackrunsthefastest。Tomseemstobethemorediligentofthetwobrothers。for与to表示后置的间接宾语buy/do/cook/fetch/find/get/make/order/save/sing…+sth.+for+sb.bring/give/leave/lend/offer/pay/pass/read/refuse/return/promise/send/show/teach/tell/throw/write…+sth.+to+sb.当形容词被副词too或enough修饰时,其后只能用for。如:Theshirtistoolargeforme。在Itis+adj.+forsb./ofsb.+todosth.句式中只用for/of,不能用to。at,from,in的有关表达at:atdawn拂晓;atdaybreak拂晓;atsunrise日出时;atsunset/sundown日落时;atnoon在下午;atdusk在黄昏;atnight在夜晚;athome在家;attable在用餐;atschool在上学;atcollege在上大学;atrisk有危险,冒风险;atlast最后;atrest静止不动from:frommemory凭记忆;fromcovertocover从头至尾;fromdaytoday日复一日;frombeginningtoend从头到尾;fromheadtotoe从头到脚in:inhigh/poor/badspirits情绪高涨/低落;intears热泪盈眶;infear在恐惧中;indanger在危险中;inpeace和平相处;insafety很安全;inneed需要;ingoodorder很整齐;insilence静静地;ingoodhealth身体好;inafever在发烧;inlove在热恋中;inpublic在公共场所;indoubt有疑问;inprint在印刷;inflower在开花of+抽象名词=形容词of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词;of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词。如:Itisofgreat/muchvalue。=Itisveryvaluable。ThecamelisofgreathelptotheArab。=ThecamelisveryhelpfultotheArab。to与情感名词连用to与情感名词连用,表示某种行动后产生的感觉。toone’sdelight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret=tothedelight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regretofsb.。这种表达法表示结果,用作状语,位于句前、中、后皆可。为了强调,可在前面加much,意为“使某人……的是”。as和like的区别两个词都有“像……”的意思,但作此意讲时,as为连词,后面加句子;like为介词,后面加名词、代词等;当前面有such,as,thesame时,后面也用as。此外as做介词时,还有“作为……”等其他意思。如:DoasIdo。像我这样来做。(as后面跟句子,美国人也常说DolikeIdo。)Ihavethesamebookasyou(have)。我和你有同样的书。Helookslikehisfather。他长得像他父亲。Adultasheis,hismotheralwaystreatshimasachild。虽然他已长大成人,但他妈妈总是像待孩子那样待他。with的用法with在英语中用法繁多,其主要用法如下:表示“和……在一起”、“由……陪同”或“有……在场”的意思。如:Mr.andMrs.Smithwerethere,withtheirfamilyofthreesmallchildren。史密斯夫妇带着他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思。如:Withtimepassing,theyhavegrownintobigboysandbiggirls。随着时间的流逝,她们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。Temperaturevarywiththetimeoftheyear。温度随着时节而变化。表示“带有,带来,带走,携带”等,表伴随的意思。如:IhavecalledwithamessageforMrs.Thompson。我有口信带给汤普森夫人。Hecamedownstairswithhiscoatoverhisarm。他把外衣搭在胳膊上走下楼来。引导一个表示方式的状语附加语。如:Shelaybackinthechairwithhereyesclosed。她闭着眼睛背靠在椅子上坐着。Helookedatmewithafrown。他皱着眉头看我。同样的用法还有:withasneer嘲笑的,withasigh叹声叹气地,withasob抽噎的,withalaugh哈哈一笑、大笑着。指原因或理由。如:Shewasshiveringwithcold。她冷的发抖。Hisfacewasredwithanger。他的脸气得通红。Mywifeisinbedwithinfluenza。我的妻子得了流行性感冒,卧病在床。by的用法表示“不迟于(某时间)”的意思。如:Ihavepromisedtohavetheworkfinishedbytheendofthisweek。我已经答应本周末完成这项工作了。表示“在……期间”(一段指明的时间)的意思。如:Theydecidedtotravelbynight。他们决定在夜里旅行。指人体或物体的某一部分。此人此物,句中前面的总述对此有较为明确的特指。如:Heseizedmebythearm。他抓住了我的胳膊。表示“由于……的结果”的意思。如:Hesucceededbyhardwork。他由于努力工作而成功了。含有“到……的程度”的意思。如:Thisoneisshorterthantheotherbythreeinches。这一个比那一个短三英寸。Welostthematchbyonegoal。我们以一球之差输了那场比赛。表示买卖东西时用以计量的数或量,或付酬时用以计算的时间。如:Milkissoldbythepint,butterbythepound,andeggsbythedozen。牛奶论品脱卖,黄油论磅卖,蛋类论打卖。表示“按照……”或“根据……”的意思。如:Bymywatch,thetimeishalfpasteleven。按我的表,现在是十一点半。Bytheexpressiononhisface,heseemedtobedispleased。从他的面部表情来看,他似乎不高兴。表示“因……而得到结果”或“凭着……”的意思。如:ItwasonlybychancethatIheardthenews。我只是偶然听到了这个消息。介词与某些词类的搭配名词与介词的固定搭配要求用to的名词:key,answer,visit,apology,introduction,attitude,monument,devotion等要求用in的名词:interest,satisfaction,expert等要求用on的名词:mercy,congratulations,effect等要求用其他介词的名词:prizefor,respectfor,victoryover,strugglewith,excusefor,forfearof等形容词与介词的固定搭配要求用at的形容词:afraid,angry,good,bad,clever,surprised,excited,puzzled,frightened要求用of的形容词:afraid,sure,certain,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy要求用with的形容词:angry,strict,careful,busy,popular,patient要求用in的形容词:weak,strict,rich,interested,successful,slow要求用to的形容词:next,good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,known,married,close,similar,due要求用for的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry要求用from的形容词:far,different,free,safe,absent,tired要求用about的形容词:sorry,worried,curious,anxious,careful,sure,certain注意:同一形容词与不同的介词搭配其含义不同。如:高考近义词辨析clothes,cloth,clothing
clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing服装的总称,指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof
2.incident,accident
incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.
3.amount,number
amount后接不可数名词,number后接可数名词anumberofstudents
4.family,house,home
home家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.
5.sound,voice,noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
6.photo,picture,drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画
Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.
7.vocabulary,word
vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.
8.population,people
population人口,人数,people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.
9.weather,climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.
10.road,street,path,way
road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道路,途径
takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.
11.course,subject
course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)asummercourse
12.custom,habit
custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接todo,habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.
13.cause,reason
cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate
14.exercise,exercises,practice
exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习
Practicemakesperfect.
15.class,lesson
作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.lesson6;class5
16.speech,talk,lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture学术性的演讲,讲课aseriesoflectureon…
17.officer,official
officer部队的军官,official政府官员anarmyofficer
18.work,job
二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数agoodjob
19.couple,pair
couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers
20.country,nation,state,land
country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.
21.cook,cooker
cook厨师,cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.
22.damage,damages
damage不可数名词,损害,损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages
23.police,policeman
police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.
24.problem,question
problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask,answer连用
25.man,aman
man人类,aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.
26.chick,chicken
二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.
27.telegram,telegraph
当电报解时,telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph
28.trip,journey,travel,voyage
travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip
29.sport,game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.
30.price,prize
price价格,prize奖,奖品,奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.
31.anumberof,thenumberof
anumberof许多,谓语动词用复数。thenumberof…的数目,谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.
32.infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof范围外的前面,inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.
33.oftheday,ofaday
oftheday每一天的,当时的,当代的,ofaday暂时的,不长久的afamousscientistoftheday
34.threeofus,thethreeofus
threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,thethreeofus我们三个(就三个人)Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.
35.bybus,onthebus
bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词,onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.
36.foramoment,forthemoment
foramoment片刻,一会儿,forthemoment暂时,一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.
37.nextyear,thenextyear
nextyear将来时间状语,thenextyear过去将来时间状语
Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.
38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear
morethanayear一年多,morethanoneyear超过一年(两年或三年等)
39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advice
takeadvice征求意见,taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.
40.takeair,taketheair
takeair传播,走漏,taketheair到户外去,散步Wetaketheaireveryday.
41.inaword,inwords
inaword总之,一句话,inwords口头上Inaword,youareright.
42.inplaceof,intheplaceof
inplaceof代替,intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.
43.insecret,inthesecret
insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,
一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.
44.agirl,onegirl
agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?
45.takeachair,takethechair
takeachair相当于sitdown坐下,takethechair开始开会
46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea
gotosea当海员,出航,bysea乘船,由海路,bythesea在海边gobysea
47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher
thedoctorandteacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,thedoctorandtheteacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师thedoctorandteacheris
48.inoffice,intheoffice
inoffice在职的,intheoffice在办公室里Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.
49.inbed,onthebed
inbed卧在床上,onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.
50.inchargeof,inthechargeof
inchargeof管理,负责照料,inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.
51.inclass,intheclass
inclass在课上,intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.
52.onfire,onthefire
onfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.
53.outofquestion,outofthequestion
outofquestion毫无疑问的,outofthequestion不可能的
54.asecond,thesecond
asecond又一,再一,thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.
55.byday,bytheday
byday白天,bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.
56.thepeople,apeople
thepeople指人,apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.
57.it,one
it同一物体,one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.
58.that,this
that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy…
59.none,nothing,noone
none强调有多少,nothing,noone强调有没有,nothing指物,noone指人
---Howmany…/Howmuch…?---None.
60.anyone,anyone
anyone指人,不能接of,anyone指人物均可,可接ofanyoneofyou
61.who,what
who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.
62.what,which
what的选择基础是无限制的,which在一定范围内进行选择
Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?
63.other,another
other后接名词复数,another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent
64.notalittle,notabit
notalittle非常,notabit一点也不I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。
65.many,much,alotof
many和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,alotof可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.
66.muchmore…than,manymore…than
muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词,manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful
67.no,not
no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater
68.nomorethan,notmorethan
nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有,notmorethan至多,不超过
69.majority,most
majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople
70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
byoneself单独的,独自的,foroneself为自己,tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,
自动的Thedooropenedofitself.
71.atall,afterall
atall根本,全然,afterall到底,毕竟Afterallheisachild.
72.tall,high
tall常指人或动物,high常指物体Heistall.
73.fast,quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly
74.high,highly
high具体的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof
75.healthy,healthful
healthy健康的,健壮的,healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise
76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,sleepy困的,有睡意的
asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.
77.gold,golden
gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金鱼用goldfishagoldring
78.most,mostly
most用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,
mostly大部分,是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…
79.just,very
just表强调时是副词,作状语,very表强调时是形容词,用作定语theveryman,justtheman
80.wide,broad
wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离,broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders
81.real,true
real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory
82.respectful,respectable
respectful尊敬,有礼貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged
83.outwards,outward
二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage
84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing
pleasant常用作定语,pleased,pleasing常用作表语,pleased主语常为人,
pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.
85.understanding,understandable
understanding明白事理的,能体谅的,understandable可理解的,能够懂的
anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake
86.close,closely
close接近,靠近,closely紧紧地,紧密地closelyconnected,standclose
87.ill,sick
ill做表语,sick定,表均可asickboy
88.good,well
good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.
89.quiet,silent,still
quiet安静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出声音,但可以动,still完全不动,完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话。
90.hard,hardly
hard努力,hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.
91.able,capable
able与不定式todo连用,capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing…
92.almost,nearly
二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody
93.late,lately
late迟,晚,lately最近,近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.
94.living,alive,live,lively
living,alive,live均为活着的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定语后置,live只能做定语,lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive
95.excited,exciting
excited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.
96.deep,deeply
deep具体的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地deeplymoved,digdeep
97.aloud,loud
aloud出声地,loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)
98.worth,worthy
二者均为值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdone
Itisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.
99.bad,badly
bad形容词,badly副词,不好,但与need,want,require连用为"很,非常"gobad
Ineedthebookbadly.
100.beforelong,longbefore
beforelong不久以后,longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong101.quite,rather
quite完全地,相当于completely,rather修饰比较级quiteimpossible
102.happy,glad
happy高兴,幸福,定表均可,glad高兴,只能做表语ahappygirl
103.instead,insteadof
instead是副词,放在句首或句末,insteadof是介词短语,放在句中
Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.
HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.
104.toomuch,muchtoo
toomuch后接不可数名词,muchtoo后接形容词muchtooheavy
105.beaboutto,begoingto,betodo
beaboutto表最近的将来,后面不接时间状语,begoingto侧重打算,想法,
betodo侧重意志,计划,安排I'mtomeethim.(含双方事先约好的意思)
106.raise,rise
raise及物动词,rise不及物动词Thesunrisesintheeast.
107.bring,take,carry,fetch
bring拿来,take带走,carry随身携带,fetch去回这一往返动作fetchaboxofchalk
108.spend,take,pay,cost
spend人做主语,花钱,花时间;spend…onsth./indoingsth;take物做主语,花时间;
pay人做主语,花钱,payfor;cost物做主语,花钱
109.join,joinin,takepartin
join加入某个组织,并成为其中的一员;joinin参加小型的活动,joinsb.in;
takepartin参加大型的活动Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.
110.learn,study
learn学习,侧重学习的结果,study学习,侧重学习的过程,研究
studytheproblem
111.want,hope,wish
want打算,想要,wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望(通常可以实现),hopetodo/hopethat…wish希望(通常不能实现)wish(sb.)todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.
112.discover,invent,findout
discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西,invent发明本来不存在的物体,
findout发现,查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth.
113.answer,reply
answer及物动词,reply不及物动词,后接toreplytotheletter
114.leave,leavefor
leave离开,leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.
115.rob,steal
rob抢劫robsb.ofsth.,steal偷stealsth.fromsb.
116.shoot,shootat
shoot射死,shootat瞄准,但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied.
117.drop,fall
drop及物不及物均可,fall不及物动词Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.
118.search,searchfor
search后接地点,searchfor后接东西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.
119.usedto,beusedto
usedto过去常常,beusedto习惯于,后接sth./doingsth.;被用来,后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly.
120.win,lose,beat
win后接sth.,反义词为lose,beat后接sb.winthegame,beatthem
121.liveon,liveby
liveon以…为主食,liveby靠…谋生liveonfish/livebyfishing
122.beat,hit,strike
beat连续性地击打;hit打中,对准打;strike打一下或若干下beatthewings
123.meet,meetwith
meet遇到,meetwith体验到,遭遇到meetwithanaccident
124.lose,miss
lose失去(具体的物体),错过sth.islost,losethechance;miss想念,错过sth.ismissing,
missthechance
125.betiredof,betiredwith/from
betiredof厌烦…,betiredwith/from因为…而累了betiredwith/fromrunning800meters
126.careabout,carefor
careabout关心,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;carefor关心,照料,喜欢,愿意
Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.
127.catchacold,haveacold
catchacold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用,而haveacold可以
Shehashadacoldforaweek.
128.changefor,changeinto
changefor调换成,changeinto变成Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.
129.continue,last
二者均为持续,continue主动,被动均可,last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.
130.feed,raise
feed喂养,养活,饲养(togivefoodto),raise饲养,养育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)
raisethefamily
131.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor
goforadoctor去请医生,gotoadoctor去看病
132.notice,observe,catchsightof
notice注意到,observe观察,仔细地看,catchsightof突然看到observethestars
133.insiston,stickto
insiston坚持要求,后常接doing,stickto坚持,后常接sth.sticktotheplan
134.look,seem,appear
look指从外表上看,seem指内心的判断,appear指给人以表面的印象appearwise,
looklikehisfather
135.gather,collect
gather把分散的东西集中到一起,collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps
136.meantodo,meandoing
meantodo打算,想要做某事,meandoing意思是,意味着
BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.
137.diefrom,dieof
diefrom表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,dieof表示死于疾病,饥饿,
寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold
138.payfor,payback,payoff
payfor为…付钱,payback还钱,但不一定还清,payoff还清payforthebook,payoffthedebt
139.divide,separate
divide把一个整体分成几部分,separate把连在一起的个体分开
dividetheapple,separatethehouses
140.arrive,get,reach
arrive不及物动词,后接in(大地点),at(小地点),get不及物动词后接to,reach及物动词
arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing
141.grow,plant
grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去,plant移植,移栽已经长成秧苗的植物
plantthetrees,treesaregrowing
142.manage,try
managetodo设法做成了某事,trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功
Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.
143.choose,select
choose凭个人的判断力进行选择,select有目的地仔细认真地选择choosethebestanswer
144.build,putup,setup,found
build一般用语,建成,putup临时搭建,setup建成(内部的设施基本齐全),
found国家或组织的建成putupatent,setupaschool
145.befamiliarto,befamiliarwith
befamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的,befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物
Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.
146.agreewith,agreeto,agreeon
agreewith同意某人,agreeto同意某事,agreeon在…上达成一致意见,主语是复数agreewithyou,agreetotheplan
147.throwto,throwatthrowto扔到…,throwat朝…扔Hethrowastoneatme.
148.receive,accept
receive收到某一东西,但不一定接受,accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.
149.wear,puton,dress
wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时,dress接人,bedressedin,puton表动作
It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.
150.listen,hearlisten强调动作,hear强调结果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.
151.look,see,watch
look看的动作,see看的结果,watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watchTV
152.lie,laylie躺,位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied),lay平放(laid,laid)laythebook
153.workas,actas
workas工作是…,actas充当某种职务或身份,或扮演某种角色Heworksasateacher.
Heactsasaninterpreter.
154.move,remove
move动一动,但不一定移走,remove从一处移到另一处removethetabletothekitchen
155.hurt,injure,wound
hurt感情上受伤,injure事故中受伤,wound战争中受伤Hewaswoundedinthewar.
156.turn,get,grow
turn表突变,后常接表颜色的词,get强调变的结果,grow强调过程,逐渐的变化
turnyellow,gettired,growbig
157.close,shut,turnoff
close和shut当关解时可以通用,用于可开合的物体,turnoff用于指有开关的物体
Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTV.
158.setout,setabout,setoff
指出发,着手解时,setout后接todo,setabout后接doing,setoff后接forsp.
159.begin,start
begin侧重时间的开始,反义词为end,start侧重由静到动的转折,反义词为stop
Classbeginsat7:30a.m.
160.happen,takeplace
happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生,takeplace必然性的发生
Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.
161.at,in(表地点)at小地点,in大地点arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghai
162.atwork,inworkatwork在工作,在上班,inwork有职业,有工作
Bothmyparentsareatwork.Theyarenotathome.
163.increaseto,increaseby
increaseto增长到…,increaseby增长了…Thenumberincreasedby2,000to5,000.
164.atease,witheaseatease舒适地,安逸地;withease容易地,无困难地doitwithease
165.dayafterday,daybyday
dayafterday日复一日(无变化);daybyday一天天地(有变化)Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.
166.like,aslike相似关系,但并不等同,as同一关系,两者实为一体
Don'ttreatmeasachild.(Infact,I'machild.)
167.after,in(表时间)after接时间点,in接时间段after7:00,infiveminutes
168.between,among
between两者之间,三者或三者以上两两之间,among三者或三者以上之间
SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.
169.after,behind(表位置)
after强调次序的先后,behind强调物体静态位置的前后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.
170.since,for(完成时间状语)
since接点时间或一句话,for接一段时间forthreeyears,since3:00
171.onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorner
onthecorner物体表面的角上,inthecorner物体内部的角落里,
atthecorner物体外部的角落上(拐角处)onthecornerofthetable
172.warnsb.of,warnsb.against
warnsb.of提醒某人注意某事,warnsb.against提醒某人不要做某事
warnhimagainstswimminginthatpartoftheriver
173.atpeace,inpeaceatpeace平静地,inpeace和平地liveinpeacewithone'sneighbors
174.onearth,ontheearth,intheearth
onearth在世上,在人间,到底,究竟,一点也不,ontheearth在地上,在地球上,
intheearth在地下,在泥土里nouseonearth
175.insurprise,toone'ssurprise,bysurprise
insurprise惊奇地,toone'ssurprise使某人吃惊的是,bysurprise使…惊慌
Thequestiontooktheprofessorbysurprise.
176.intheair,ontheair,inthesky
intheair正在酝酿中,ontheair播送,广播,inthesky在天空中
Hisshowisontheairat6:
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