宾语从句与高考真题

名词性从句一.概念在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses).名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二.语序所有名词性从句都是引导词(在最前)+陈述句语序(即:主语在前,谓语在后.即使从句表达的是疑问含义).Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.Thephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.三.引导词引导名词性从句的引导词类别词义在从句中的作用附属连词that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分附属连词whether和if(是否)意为“是否〞，说明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who,whom,what,which,whose,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语注意:名词性从句引导词,只有that在引导主语从句后置时,以及在引导宾语从句时有时可以省.其它情况下,以及其它名词性从句引导词均不能省.注意:只有在引导宾语从句(有些情况下不能用if代替whether)以及whether引导主语从句后置时才可用if.其它情况下,以及引导其它名词性从句时均不能用if.四.分类详解主语从句在句子中作主语的句子叫主语从句.1.由附属连词that,whether引导的主语从句：▲that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省.Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.(that不能省)Thathewillsucceediscertain.(that不能省)Thatheisstillaliveisawonder.(that不能省)Thatthebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.(that不能省)Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.(that不能省)______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(1992上海高考试题)A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether▲whether引导的主语从句一般位于句首.也可用it作形式主语,将其后置,此时whether可换为if.(if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末.)Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whethertheoldcoupleenjoythetripremainstobeproved.Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.Itwasaproblemwhethertheywouldsupportus.Itremainstobeseenwhetheritwilldousharmorgood.ItisuncertainifhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.2.由关系代词who/whoever;whom/whomever(少);what/whatever;which/whichever;whose引导的主语从句.Whowillthewinthescholarshipisunknown.Whowillbesentabroadtofurtherhisstudiesisnotannounced.Whomurderedthepresentisbeinginvestigated.Whoevercomesiswelcome.WhoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelightsWhoeverbreakstherulemustbepunishedWhoeverbreaksthislawdeservesafine.Whoeverwantstoseethisfilmcangowithustonight.Whoeverhelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.Who/whomhewillworkwithisstillasecret.Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.Whoeveryoufellinlovewithhasnothingtodowithme.whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用).Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.Whatmustbedonehasbeendone.Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.Whatyousaidjustnowhurtherfeelings.Whatimpressedmemostwashisgreatresponsibilityforhiswork.Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality．Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Whatevertheparentsdoisfortheirchildren.Whateveryousayisofnousenow.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.Whichschoolwillwintheprizeisnotknown.Ireaditinsomebookorother,doesitmatterwhichitwas?Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.Whicheverofusgetshomefirststartscooking.Whoserelativeslosttheirlifeintheshockingearthquakehasn’tbeenannounced.3.由关系副词when;where;why;how引导的主语从句.Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.Wheretheheroinewentisnotmentionedattheendofthestory.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldisstillunderdiscussion.Whyheoftencomeshereisknowntousall.Whyhedidn'tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.Whythesuninthemorninglooksbiggerthanthesunatnoonisveryinteresting.Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.Howhemanagedtofinishthecompositioninsuchashorttimeisstillamystery.HowandwhyEinsteinhadcometoPrinceton,NewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,success,andsadness.Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.水的流量是多少……主语从句的主谓一致问题①:单个的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数;如果两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词用复数.Whenandwherehewasbornhasn’tbeenfound.Howandwhyhecametothelonelysmallislandisstillamystery.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.②:what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可由表语来决定.Whatweneedarewomenworkers.Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.4.it作形式主语引导主语从句如果主语从句太长,为防止句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语局部之后.这样句子结构就更加平衡.此时主语从句的引导词一般是that(一般不省,亦可省略),也可以是其它引导词.▲It+be+形容词+that-从句It’s(im)possible/probable/important/necessary/fortunate/certain/clear/obvious/likely/natural/strangethat…Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.It'sstrangethathedidn'tcomeyesterday.Itislikelythattherewillbeastormtomorrow.主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在it’snatural/important/

necessary/strangethat…结构中,主语从句常用should+do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtheruleofschool.Itisnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsbesentbackasearlyaspossible.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent____atleastaforeignlanguage．〔上海1993〕A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster▲It+be+名词+that-从句It’sapity/ashame/anhonor/afact/asurprise/aquestion/goodnews/nowonder/commonknowledge/hightimethat…Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchprogress.主语从句中的虚拟语气:其中在此结构中假设为surprise,apity,ashame,nowonder等表示惊奇、惋惜的名词时,主语从句常用should+do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).假设为advice,desire,demand,order,proposal,recommendation,requirement,suggestion等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等名词时,须用should+do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).Itismyproposalthathebesenttostudyfurtherabroad.It’sapitythatI(should)missthelecture.▲It+be+-ed分词+that-从句It’ssaid/reported/believed/thought/announced/decided/knowntoall/mustbepointedout/mustbeadmittedthat…ItisreportedthatthenumberofwildanimalsinAfricaisdecreasing.It’sannouncedthatthehostageshavebeenreleased.It’sdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.It’sknowntoushowhebecameawriter.其中在此结构中假设为request,

demand,

require,

beg,

propose,

suggest,

recommend,

advise,order,command,urge,desire等表示建议、请求、要求、命令等的动词,那么主语从句中须用should+do的虚拟语气(美语中省去should).Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.Itisdesiredthatwe〔should〕geteverythingreadythisevening.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.▲It+不及物动词+that-分句Itseems/appears/happens(tosb)/occurredtosb/turnedout/doesn’tmatter/makenodifferencethat…Itseemstomethatyouobjecttheplan.IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenoutwhenhecalled.ItoccurredtomethatIforgottoshutthewindows.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot.Itmakesnodifferencethatyouwillgotodayortomorrow.常将seem,appear等后的从句的否认转移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.▲如果句子是疑问句，那么必须用带形式主语it的结构：Isittruethatheisthegirl’sfather?Howisitthatyouarelateagain?▲what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首,一般不用it作形式主语.Whatmaketherivermorebeautifularethelotusplantsgrowinginthewater.有时也可用it形式主语Itisclearenoughwhathemeant.▲seem的五种用法①.sbseems(tobe)+adj./n./prep.Sheseems(tobe)quitehappy.Heseems(tobe)anhonestman.Heseems(tobe)introuble.Youdon’tseemtobequiteyourselftoday.②.sbseemstodoSheseemstoknowthesecret.Heseemstobesleepingthen.Iseemtohaveseenhimsomewherebefore.③.itseemsthat…Itseemsthatsheisquitehappy.Itseemsthathewassleepingthen.ItseemsthatIhaveseenhim.ItseemstobeyearssinceIlastsawyou.④.sb/sthseemsasif….Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.Heseemsasifhehasknownthenews.⑤.thereseem(s)tobe…Thereseemstobeasmallpineonthetopofthehill.Thereseemstobenoneedtogonow.宾语从句在句子中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句.及物动词(vt.),介词(prep),少量形容词之后跟宾语从句.1.由附属连词that,whether,if引导的宾语从句：Iknowthatheisfriendlyandhospitable.(好客的)theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.ThedoctorinsiststhatIgiveupsmoking.Thesellerdemandedthatpaymentshouldbemadewithinfivedays.Iwish〔that〕shewouldunderstandme.Welearntfromhisletterthathewasstudyingabroad.Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.Iwonderwhether(if)daughtersarevaluedasmuchassonsinthecountryside.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhecaresaboutme.I’llseewhether/ifIcanpersuadehimtoaccepttheinvitation.Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiledandsaidnothing.OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,heanswered“Terrible〞.宾语从句中If不能替代whether的七种情况在引导宾语从句时,whether与if通常可以互换.if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether那么多用于比拟正式的文体中.Sheaskedmeif／whetherIcouldhelpherwithherEnglish．Idon'tknowif／whethertheycanpromoteunderstandinginsuchashorttime.①.引导位于句首的主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句时,只能用whether.Whethertheywinorlostisallthesametome.whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.Thequestioniswhethertheycancooperatewithus.Wearediscussingtheproblemwhetherwehaveenoughfundstocarryouttheproject.②.直接与ornot连用时,只能用whether.Iwonderwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.Shedoesn’tcareabitwhetherI’mabsentornot.③.位于在介词后面,作介词宾语时,只能用whether.I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldpresentagifttothepoorgirl.I'mnotinterestedinwhethershe'llcomeornot．Theteacherworriedaboutwhetherhehadhurtthegirl’sfeelings.Italldependsonwhetheritwillclearup.④.在带to的动词不定式前,只能用whether.Shehasn'tdecidedwhethertogoornot．

Hedoesn'tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome．⑤.在动词discuss,decide等动词引起的宾语从句中,只能用whether.Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldclosetheshop.Theoldladyhasnotdecidedwhethershewilllivewithherdaughterinthecountryside.⑥.宾语从句提前时,只能用whether.Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay.Whetherwecanreallyhelpyou,Idon’tknowyet.⑦.在有些句子中,用if引导宾语从句可能会产生歧义.因此假设表示选择含义,最好用whether.Letmeknowwhetheryouarecoming.Youshouldtellyourmotherwhetheryouwanttogowithherforaholiday.宾语从句中whether不能替代if的两种情况.①.引导条件状语从句或宾语从句中表条件时.We'llgohikingifitdoesn'traintomorrow．MyfatherpromisedmethatifIpassedthefinalexam,hewouldshowmearoundsomescenicspotsinthecity.②.引导否认概念的宾语从句时一般用if.HeaskedmeifIhadn'tfinishedmyhomework.宾语从句中that不能省的十种情况.①当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时,第一个可以省后几个不能省略.Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingandthat(不省略)allthechildrenliketoreadit.②that宾语从句的状语局部位于从句前部时.Ipromisedthatifanyonecouldsetmefree,Iwouldmakehimkingovertheearth.③宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时.Theoldladythenexplainedthatwhatshewaslookingforwasapairofglovesforagirl.④在介词后Hehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuch.⑤有间接宾语时HetoldmethathewasleavingforJapan.⑥在“it(形式宾语)+补语〞之后时Ithinkitnecessarythatheshouldstayhere.⑦宾语从句与动词被其他词,插入语或从句隔开时Theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.WhenhegottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwastoolimited.⑧that从句单独答复下列问题时。—Whatdidhehear?—ThatKatehadpassedtheexam.⑨位于句首时Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.⑩在except,but,in等介词后.其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导,那么需用it先行一步,作形式宾语.Hehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuch.Seetoitthatchildrendon’tcatchcold.Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿意多赚钱.doubt(vt./n.)的用法1.用于肯定句,与whether连用.①Idoubtwhetherheisloyaltohiscountry.(vt.宾语从句,可换为if)②Ihavesomedoubtwhetherheisloyaltohiscountry.(n.同位语从句)Ihavesomedoubtabouthisloyaltytohiscountry.(n.)有时在肯定句doubt与that连用.此时doubt=don’tbelieveIdoubtthattheywilltakeimmediateaction.2.用于否认句,与that连用.①Idon’tdoubtthatheisloyaltohiscountry.(vt.宾语从句)②Ihavenodoubtthatheisloyaltohiscountry.(n.同位语从句)IhavenodoubtIhavenodoubtthatheisloyaltohiscountry.③Thereisnodoubtthatheisloyaltohiscountry.(n.同位语从句)2.由关系代词who,whom,whichwhat,whose,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等引导的宾语从句.Iwonderwhotakeschargeofit.ShewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupportWeagreedtoaccept______theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.A.whateverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whoeverDoyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?Tellmewhichoneyoulikebest.Hecan'ttellwhichmethodtheywillusefortheexperiment.Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?Youcantakewhicheveryoulike.Takewhicheverseatyoulike.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.AcomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodoWe’lldowhateverwecantosavehim.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wheneverThebosseswantstoknowwhosefaultthisis.3.由关系副词when,where,why,how等引导的宾语从句.I’dliketoknowwhentheywilllethimout.Istillremember______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET1993)

A.whenB.howC.whereD.whatHeknowswheretheylive.IwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitationCanyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?Iaskedhowhewasgettingonwithhisstudies.4.某些形容词后的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.Heisgladthathisgirlfriendwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.IamsurethatyouwillmakegreaterprogressinEnglishthroughhardwork.Wearesurprisedthathehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous.5.介词后的宾语从句We’reworriedaboutwhetherheissafe.ItdependsonwhetherheiscomingornotPleasekeepmeinformedofhoweverythingisgoing.IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyspokenEnglish.Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatshehassaid.Weshouldpayattentiontowhattheteacherissaying.Peterlivesinwhatusedtobeawasteland.Hewishestomakefriendswithwhoevershareshishobbiesandinterest.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.(上海1995)A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho比拟Itwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.A.who B.whoeverC.whom D.whomever▲注意:except,but,in三个介词后可用that引导的宾语从句Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkinabigcompany.6.动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。动词如:advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn等,宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语,这个宾语有时可以省略,有的不能省略.HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Itoldhimthatbecauseofthelastcondition,I’dhavetoturnitdown.Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.Hewouldremindpeopleagainthatitwasdecidednotonlybyhimselfbutlotsofothers.7.可用形式宾语it将真正宾语从句后置的情况①动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,那么需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it,it一般被视为笼统宾语.这类动词主要有:like,dislike,love,enjoy,hate,appreciate,help,dependonitthat,relyonitthat,countonitthat,seetoitthat,insistonitthat等.Idon’tlikeitthatheisthatlazy.IappreciateitifyouhelpmewithmyEnglish.Icanthelpitifheisalwayslate.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.Assomeoneputit,practicemakesperfect.I’dpreferitifIdidn’thavetofinishthework.Itakeitthattheywillsucceedsoonerorlater.Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.(负责)Heinsistedonitthathewasinnocent.I’dappreciate______ifyouwouldturntheradiodown.AthatBitCthisDyouIlike______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandcool.AthisBthatCitDone③用于“动词+宾语+介词短语〞的句型中.Keepitinmindthatyouhavetobehomebyteno’clock.Wetookitforgrantedthathewouldcome.我们认为他来是当然的。④假设宾语从句是wh-类,那么不可用it代替Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.8.宾语从句的否认转移当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect等,并且主句的主语须是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否认词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.Wedon’tbelieveshecandoitbetter,canshe?Idon’tsupposeI’lltroubleyouagain.9.宾语从句时态照应原那么当主句谓语动词是现在的某种时态时,宾语从句根据情况选用任意时态,当主句谓语动词是过去的某种时态时,从句中谓语动词也要用过去范畴的时态,但假设从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,不管主句是什么时态,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时.Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion4onPage5.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.Myfathertoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.10.宾语从句的虚拟语气①.wish引起的宾语从句.对现在或将来虚拟用一般过去时IwishIwereyou.IwishIspokeEnglishfluently.I

wish

it

were

spring

in

my

hometown

all

the

year

around.Now

that

he

is

in

China,

he

wishes

he

understood

Chinese.对将来虚拟也可用would、could、might〔should少〕＋do.(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语往往不相同).wish表示对将来事情的主观愿望.I

wish

it

would

stop

raining.I

wish

you

would

be

quiet.Iwishhemightstaywithme.IwishIcouldfly.I

wish

she

would

change

her

mind.He

will

wish

we

would

join

him

the

following

week.对过去的虚拟用过去完成时,偶尔也可用would、could、might＋havedone.I

wishI

hadn't

wasted

so

much

time.He

wishes

he

hadn't

lost

the

chance.

I

wish

you

had

called

earlier.IwishIhadtakenyouradvice.IwishIcouldhavesleptlongerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoschool.②在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中用(should)＋do，desire,

request,

demand,

require,

beg

,propose,

suggest,

recommend,

advise,order,command,urge

,

insist

.The

doctor

suggested

that

he

(should)

try

to

lose

his

weight.Shedesiredwecooperatewiththecorporation.Ipreferyouchoosetheblueone.Thestudentsurgedthelibrarybeopentothepublicassoonaspossible.Heproposedthatweshouldgoforawalk.He

insisted

that

we

tell

him

the

news.

▲suggest①作“建议〞意时用should＋do，should常省略。②作“暗示、说明〞意时宾语从句用陈述语气。Isuggestwestartout/offatonce.Yourexpressionssuggestedyouwereangry.Whatyousaidsuggestedyouhadfinishedit.Theresearchsuggestedthatthefigurewastrue.▲insist①表示坚持做/干一件事用should＋do，should常省略②表示坚持说明一件事实宾语从句用陈述语气。Heinsiststhatheisright./Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.Heinsistedhewasreallyverytiredandthatheshouldbeallowedtohavearest.ThescientistsinsistedthatsilkwormsfistwereraisedbyaladyinwhatisHuBeiprovincenow.Thepoliceinsistedthateverybodyobeyrulesandregulations.11.感慨句式以及强调句式的宾语从句Youcan’timagine_____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.

(94上海高考题)A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited解析：1.名词性从句的引导词必须放在最前边，排除D。2.所有从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即主语在前谓语在后，排除C。3.据语意应为how所引导的感慨句式的宾语从句，how后应紧跟其所修饰的形容词或副词，应选B。在此题中还要注意对imagine这个高频考词的学习。Ineedhardlytellyouhowimportantitis_____wewinthisbid.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why解析：此宾语从句为感慨句式，在感慨句的主句局部套了一个主语从句。而此主语从句是一个语意非常完整的陈述句。所以应用that来引导此主语从句。Iwonderwhatitwasthatletyouchangeyourmind.Heistellinghowitwasthathewasabletoescapefromthebigfire.Mostofusstillwonder_______itis_______makesthosehonestpeasantworkers,withoutbeingpaidatall,resignthemselvestothebosses.(屈服于,听从……)A.what;thatB./;whatC.that;whatD./;that12.含有插入语doyouthink(guess,suppose,believe)的宾语从句.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.whatdoyousuppose______toher?AwashappeningBtohappenChashappenedDhavinghappenedCanyoutellme_______youthinkshouldbesentabroadforfurtherstudy?A.whenB.whatC.whomD.who表语从句在句子中作表语的句子叫表语从句.即位于be动词和系动词之后的从句.表语从句主要解释说明或阐述主句主语的具体内容,表意与同位语从句相当.1.由附属连词that,whether引导的表语从句：Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasillinhospital.Myideaisthatweshouldstartmakingpreparationsrightnow.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpusout.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.2.由关系代词who,whom,whichwhat,whose等引导的表语从句.Youarenotwho/whomIthoughtyouwere.Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.Maryisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.3.由关系副词when,where,why,how等引导的表语从句.Myquestioniswhenwesetoff.That’swhereyouarewrong.Thisiswhereourproblemlies.That’swhyIobjecttotheplan.Thedifficultyishowwecanhelpsmokerskicktheirhabit.4.表语从句的特殊引导词because,why,asif/though及句型thereasonwhy/for…isthat…ItisbecauseIloveyoutoomuch.That’sbecauseyoucan’tappreciatemusic.IfI’mabitsleepy,it’sbecauseIwasupallnight.Ifailedtheexam.That’sbecauseI’mtoocareless.I’mtoocareless.ThatiswhyIfailedtheexam.That’swhyhedidn’tcome.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.ItwasasthoughshehadknownMillieforyears.Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidn’tworkhard.Thereason(why)IwaslatewasthatImissedthebusbyoneminutethismorning.5.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用should＋动词原形的虚拟语气，should常省略。这类名词常见的有。demand，desire，requirement，advice,recommendation,suggestion,order,necessity,preference,proposal,plan,idea等。Myadviceisthatwejoinhandstofightagainsttheenemy.Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Thesuggestionthatthemayorpresenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone．Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionbeputoff.同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，word,rumor,hope，belief，thought，truth，theory,doubt，suggestion，proposal,possibility,warning,instruction，reason，information,message,story,question,order,demand,wish,doubt,statement等之后，对这些名词的具体内容进行说明或解释.引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what,which,who,以及关系副词how，when，where，why等.1.由附属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句Thefactthatwelackenoughfundsneedstobeconsidered.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.Thereisnodoubtthatthepricesofcarswillcomedown.Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.Wordcamethatourteamwon.Therumorspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.HegaveusmanysuggestionsthatweshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexerciseThesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.(这个建议是由主席提出的)AsfarasIsee,______isnopossibility______hewillwinthetennismatchthistime.A.it;thatB.there;thatC.it;whetherD.there;whetherAstorygoes______theQueenofthecountrylikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.thatIhaveaquestionwhetherhehasenoughmoney.Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_______wehadenoughmoneyfortheresearch.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether2.由关系代词引导的同位语从句。Thequestionwhoshouldbethefirsthasnotbeensettled.Ihavenoideawhatshouldbedonenext.Thisisaquestionwhosebookitis.3.由关系副词when,where,why,how引导的同位语从句。Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.They’restilldiscussingthematterwhenwe’llholdthesportsmeeting.Hecan’tanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.Theyusuallywriteexactinstructionshowthemusicistobeplayed.Manypeopleareconsideringthequestionwhythepricesofhousescan’tbecontrolledeffectively/areincreasingsharply.同位语从句与定语从句的区别英语中一个名词或代词后所跟的从句要么是定语从句,要么是同位语从句.判断其根本依据是看这个名词或代词(先行词)在后边从句中是否充当句子成分,假设不充当任何句子成分那么是同位语从句;假设充当句子成分那么是定语从句.以下是几点区别方法.1.意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号(同位语从句和先行词可转化为表语从句)；而定语从句是限定所修饰名词的.Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.2.从引导词的省略角度来看.同位语从句的所有引导词在任何情况下都不能省略.而定语从句的引导词在有些时候可以省略.如关系代词在限制性定语从句作宾语时可以省.Thesuggestion(that)shehasputforwardisverygood.Thesuggestionthatwecleantheclassroombyturnsisverygood.Thefact(that)wetalkedaboutisimportant.Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.3.从引导词的总类来看.what,how,whether等可引导同位语从句,但不引导定语从句.4.从引导词的功能上的不同.①所有定语从句的引导词都是替代先行词,且必须在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分.而所有同位语从句的引导词都不替代其所修饰的名词,其中that,whether只起引导作用,不充当任何句子成分.但疑问词引导的同位语从句要在此句中充当相应的句子成分.②疑问词引导的同位语从句表疑问,引导定语从句时不表疑问.③疑问词引导的同位语从句只是先行词具体内容的表述,并不替代其所修饰的名词.5.被修饰词语的区别.同位语从句所修饰的名词比拟有限,通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词那么非常广泛.另外,when和where引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词thereason,而它引导同位语从句时那么不一定.Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.I

have

no

idea

when

they

will

come.I’ll

never

forget

the

days

when

Ilivedthere.根本上可以说when和where前面的名词假设是表示时间、地点的名词,那么when和where引导的是定语从句,否那么为同位语从.▲名词性从句引导词which与what的区别要选which,需给出被选对象,假设无被选对象那么不能选which.what表泛指,不需给出被选对象.且what具有分身术,可分身为一个指人或指物的先行词(sb/sth)+关系代词(which/that/who/whom)所构成的定语从句.①Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Ican’tremember_______.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.what②Peterlivesinwhatisusedtobeawasteland.(what=theplacewhich/that)Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat______Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that③Thecouplearespendingtheirholidayon______isdescribedasoneofthemostbeautifulislands.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where④Theword“media〞basicallyreferto______wecommonlycallnewspapers,magazines,radiosandtelevisions.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where⑤After_______seemedaverylongtime,Iopenedmyeyesandfoundmyselfinbed!A.what

B.when

C.that

D.which⑥Thenumberofthestudentsofthecollegehasreached8,000,twice______itwaswhenthecollegewasopenedtenyearsago.A.whatB.asmuch

C.which

D.that⑦Thefactoriesareworkingtogethertoproduce_______theyhopewillbethebesttentsfortheMay12Wenchuandisasterstrickenpeople.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who⑧Perseveranceisakindofqualitythat’s_______ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whyThisiswhattheycallSaltLakeCity.(what=theplacewhich/that)Maryisnolongerwhatshewastenyearsago.(what=thegirlwho/whom)▲whatever,whoever,whichever引导名词性从句Whatever可视为what的强调说法,其含义大致相当于anythingthat，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语.WhateverIdoisonlyforyou.Iwilljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.我想到什么就说什么。whoever在意义上大致相当于anybodywho,whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语.Whoeverbreaksthislawdeservesafine.Shecanmarrywhoevershechooses.I’llgivethetickettowhoeverwantsit.whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语.Whiche