1989英语考研真题

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 PAGE41989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1. Modernmanfacesdangerscompletelyunknown________hispredecessors.[A]for[B]to[C]of[D]by2. Thechancesofseeingahelicopterinmyhometownareone________amillion.[A]for[B]to[C]in[D]against3. ________wehaveallthematerialsready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.[A]Sincethat[B]Sincenow[C]Bynow[D]Nowthat4. Wehopethemeasurestocontrolprices,________takenbythegovernment,willsucceed.[A]when[B]as[C]since[D]after5. Thehistoricaleventsofthatperiodarearranged________.[A]inalphabeticalorder[B]inanalphabeticalorder[C]inthealphabeticalorders[D]inalphabeticalorders6. Insomemarketstheremaybeonlyoneseller.________iscalledamonopoly.[A]Situationasthis[B]Suchkindofsituation[C]Suchasituation[D]Asituationofthis7. Heis________tospeakthetruth.[A]toomuchofacoward[B]toomuchacoward[C]somuchacoward[D]somuchofacoward8. Healwaysgives________tohiswife’sdemandsanddoeswhatevershetellshimto.[A]up[B]away[C]in[D]out9. It’s________intheregulationsthatyoucantake20kilosofluggagewithyou.[A]laidupon[B]laidout[C]laidup[D]laiddown10. Lookatallthecorruptionthat’sgoingon.It’stimethecitywas________.[A]cleanedout[B]cleaneddowneachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Text1Ascientistoncesaid:“Ihaveconcludedthattheearthisbeingvisitedbyintelligentlycontrolledvehiclesfromouterspace.”IfwetakethisasareasonableexplanationforUFOs(unidentifiedflyingobjects),questionsimmediatelycomeup.“Whydon’ttheygetintouchwithus,then?Whydon’ttheylandrightontheWhiteHouselawnanddeclarethemselves?”peopleasked.Inreply,scientistssaythat,whilethismaybewhatwewant,itmaynotnecessarilybewhattheywant.“Themostlikelyexplanation,itseemstome,”saidDr.Mead,“isthattheyaresimplywatchingwhatweareupto--thatresponsiblesocietyoutsideoursolarsystemiskeepinganeyeonustoseethatwedon’tsetinmotionachainreactionthatmighthaveunexpectedeffectsforoutsideoursolarsystem.”Opinionsfromotherscientistsmightgolikethis:“Whyshouldtheywanttogetintouchwithus?Wemayfeelwe’remoreimportantthanwereallyare!Theymaywanttoobserveusonlyandnotinterferewiththedevelopmentofourcivilization.Theymaynotcareifweseethembuttheyalsomaynotcaretosay‘hello’.”SomescientistshavealsosuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlifereserve.Justaswesetasidewildernessareasandwildlifereservestoallowanimalsandgrowingthingstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem,soperhapsEarthwassetasideagesagoforthesamepurpose.Arewebeingobservedbyintelligentbeingsfromothercivilizationsintheuniverse?Aretheywatchingourprogressinspacetravel?Doweliveinagigantic“zoo”observedbyour“keepers,”buthavingnocommunicationwiththem?Neverbeforeinourhistoryhavewehadtoconfrontideaslikethese.Thesimplefactisthatwe,whohavealwaysregardedourselvesassupremeintheuniverse,maynotbeso.Nowwehavetorecognizethat,amongthestarsintheheavens,theremayverywellbeworldsinhabitedbybeingswhoaretousaswearetoants.16. Peoplewhoaskthequestion“Whydon’ttheygetintouchwithus...anddeclarethemselves?”thinkthat________.[A]therearenosuchthingsasUFOs[B]UFOsarevisitorsfromsolarsystem[C]there’snoreasonforUFOssoonerorlater[D]weareboundtoseeUFOssoonerorlater17. AccordingtoDr.Mead,theattitudeofbeingsfromouterspacetowardusisoneof________.[A]unfriendliness[B]suspicion[C]superiority[D]hostility18. Thetoneofthewriteristhatof________.[A]doubt[B]warning[C]indifference[D]criticismText2Theuseofthemotorisbecomingmoreandmorewidespreadinthetwentiethcentury;asanincreasingnumberofcountriesdevelopbothtechnicallyandeconomically,soalargerproportionoftheworld’spopulationisabletobuyanduseacar.Possessingacargivesamuchgreaterdegreeofmobility,enablingthedrivertomovearoundfreely.Theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransportandis,therefore,notcompelledtoworklocally.Hecanchoosefromdifferentjobsandprobablychangeshisworkmorefrequentlyasheisnotrestrictedtoachoicewithinasmallradius.Travellingtoworkbycarisalsomorecomfortablethanhavingtousepublictransport;thedrivercanadjusttheheatinginwinterandtheairconditioninginthesummertosuithisownneedsandpreference.Thereisnoirritationcausedbywaitingfortrains,busesorundergroundtrains,standinginlongpatientqueues,orsittingonwindyplatforms,foraslongashalfanhoursometimes.Withthebuildingofgood,fastmotorwayslongdistancescanbecoveredrapidlyandpleasantly.Forthefirsttimeinthiscenturyalso,manypeoplearenowabletoenjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripstothecountryorseasideattheweekends,insteadofbeingconfinedtotheirimmediateneighbourhood.Thisfeelingofindependence,andthefreedomtogowhereyouplease,isperhapsthegreatestadvantageofthecar.Whenconsideringthedrawbacks,perhapspollutionisofprimeimportance.Asmoreandmorecarsareproducedandused,sotheemissionfromtheirexhaust-pipescontainsaneverlargervolumeofpoisonousgas.Someofthecontentsofthisgas,suchaslead,notonlypollutetheatmospherebutcauseactualharmtothehealthofpeople.Manyoftheminorillnessesofmodernindustrialsociety,headaches,tiredness,andstomachupsetsarethoughttoarisefrombreathingpollutedair;doctors’surgeriesarefullofpeoplesufferingfromillnessescausedbypollution.Itisalsobecomingincreasinglydifficulttodealwiththeproblemoftrafficintowns;mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworldsufferfromtrafficcongestion.Infactanyadvantagegainedincomfortisoftencancelledoutincitydrivingbythefrustrationcausedbytrafficjams:endlessqueuesofcarscrawlingoneafteranotherthroughallthemainstreets.Asanincreasingnumberoftrafficregulationschemesaredevised,thepoorbewildereddriverfindshimselfdivertedandforcedintoone-waysystemswhichcauseevengreaterdelaysthanthetrafficjamstheyaresupposedtoprevent.Themountingcostofpetrolandtheincreasedlicensefeesandroadtaxalladdtothedriver’sworries.Infact,hemustsometimeswonderifthemotorcarissuchablessingandnotjustamenace.19. Moreandmorepeoplecanaffordtobuyandusecarsbecause________.[A]anincreasingnumberofcarsarebeingproduced[B]thecostofcarsisgettingcheaperwiththedevelopmentoftechnology[C]lotsofcountrieshavebecomemoredeveloped[D]theuseofcarshasprovedtobemoreeconomical20. Theadvantagesofhavingacararebestexperiencedinthedriver’s________.[A]freedominchoosinghisjob[B]comfortduringthetravels[C]enjoymentofhisleisuretime[D]feelingofself-reliance21. Whatisconsideredbythewriterasthegreatestmenacetothepeoplecausedbythewidespreaduseofmotorcars?[A]airpollution[B]trafficjams[C]fataldiseases[D]highcostText3MannersnowadaysinmetropolitancitieslikeLondonarepracticallynon-existent.Itisnothingforabig,strongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheought.Infact,itissaddeningtonotethatifamandoesofferhisseattoanolderwoman,itisnearlyalwaysaContinentalmanoronefromtheolderThisquestionofgivingupseatsinpublictransportismucharguedaboutbyyoungmen,whosaythat,sincewomenhaveclaimedequality,theynolongerdeservetobetreatedwithcourtesyandthatthosewhogoouttoworkshouldtaketheirturnintheratracelikeanyoneelse.Womenhaveneverclaimedtobephysicallyasstrongasmen.Evenifitisnotagreed,however,thatyoungmenshouldstandupforyoungerwomen,thefactremainsthatcourtesyshouldbeshowntotheold,thesickandtheburdened.Arewereallysolosttoallidealsofunselfishnessthatwecansitthereindifferentlyreadingthepaperorabook,sayingtoourselves“Firstcome,firstserved,”whileagrey-hairedwoman,amotherwithayoungchildoracripplestands?Yetthisisalltoooftenseen.Conditionsintravelarereallyveryhardoneveryone,weknow,buthardshipissurelynoexcuse.Sometimesonewonderswhatwouldhavebeenthebehaviourofthesestoutyoungmeninapackedrefugeetrainoratrainonitswaytoaprison-campduringtheWar.Wouldtheyhaveconsidereditonlyrightandtheirproperduetokeepthebestplacesforthemselvesthen?Olderpeople,tiredandirritablefromaday’swork,arenotangels,either--farfromit.Manyabriskargumentoraninsultingquarrelbreaksoutasthewearyqueuespushandshoveeachothertogetonbusesandtubes.Onecannotcommendthis,ofcourse,butonedoesfeelthereisjustalittlemoreexcuse.Ifcitiesaretoremainpleasantplacestoliveinatall,however,itseemsimperative,notonlythatcommunicationsintransportshouldbeimproved,butalsothatcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingsshouldbekeptsmoothandpolite.Allovercities,itseemsthatpeoplearetootiredandtoorushedtobepolite.Shopassistantswon’tbothertoassist,taxidriversgrowlateachotherastheydashdangerouslyroundcorners,busconductorpullthebellbeforetheirdesperatepassengershavehadtimetogetonoroffthebus,andsoonandsoon.Itseemstousthatitisuptotheyoungandstrongtodotheirsmallparttostopsuchdeterioration.22. Fromwhatyouhaveread,wouldyouexpectmannerstoimproveamongpeople________?[A]whoarephysicallyweakorcrippled[B]whooncelivedinaprison-campduringtheWar[C]wholiveinbigmoderncities[D]wholiveonlyinmetropolitancities23. Whatisthewriter’sopinionconcerningcourteousmannerstowardswomen?[A]Nowthatwomenhaveclaimedequality,theynolongerneedtobetreateddifferentlyfrommen.[B]Itisgenerallyconsideredold-fashionedforyoungmentogiveuptheirseatstoyoungwomen.[C]“LadyFirst”shouldbeuniversallypracticed.[D]Specialconsiderationoughttobeshownthem.24. Accordingtotheauthorcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingswouldbesmootherif________.[A]peopleweremoreconsideratetowardseachother[B]peoplewerenotsotiredandirritable[C]womenweretreatedwithmorecourtesy[D]publictransportcouldbeimproved25. Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheword“deterioration”inthelastparagraph?[A]worseningofgeneralsituation[B]loweringofmoralstandards[C]decliningofphysicalconstitution[D]spreadingofevilconductSectionIII CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)Onedaydroughtmaybeathingofthepastatleastincoastalcities.VastareasofdesertthroughouttheworldmayforthefirsttimeEQ\X\BO(大26家)andprovidemillionsofhectaresoflandwherenownothinggrows.BytheendofthiscenturythismaynotbemereEQ\X\BO(大27家).ScientistsarealreadylookingintothepossibilityofusingsomeoftheavailableiceintheArcticandAntarctic.Intheseregionstherearevastice-capsformedbysnowthathasfallenoverthepast50,000years.LayerEQ\X\BO(大28家)layerofdeepsnowmeansthat,whenmelted,thesnowwaterwouldbepure,notsaltyassea-icewouldbe.ThereissomuchEQ\X\BO(大29家)purewaterherethatitwouldneedonlyafractionofittoturnmuchofthedesertorpoorlyirrigatedpartsoftheworldintorichfarmland.Andwhatusefulpackagesitwouldcomein!Itshouldbepossibletocutoffabitoficeandtransportit!AlternativelyperhapsapassingicebergcouldbeEQ\X\BO(大30家).Theyarealwaysbreakingawayfromthemaincapsandfloatingaround,pushedbycurrents,untiltheyeventuallymeltandarewasted.Manyicebergsare,ofcourse,fartoosmalltobetowedEQ\X\BO(大31家)distance,andwouldmeltbeforetheyreachedacountrythatneededthemanywhere.ItwouldbenecessarytolocateonethatwasEQ\X\BO(大32家)andthatwasbigenoughtoprovideagoodsupplyoficewhenitreachedus.Engineersthinkthataniceberguptosevenmileslongandoneandahalfmileswidecouldbetransportedifthetugpullingitwasasbigasasupertanker!Eventhentheywouldcoveronlytwentymileseveryday.However,EQ\X\BO(大33家)theicebergwasatitsdestination,morethat7,000millioncubicmetresofwatercouldbetakenfromit!Thatwouldprobablybemorethanenoughforanymedium-sizedcityeveninthehottestsummer!Butnodoubtausecouldbefoundforit.EQ\X\BO(大34家),scientistsay,therewouldnotbetoomuchwastageinsuchajourney.Thelargertheiceberg,thesloweritmelts,evenifitistowedthroughthetropics.ThisisbecausewhenthesunhasabiggerareatowarmEQ\X\BO(大35家),lessheatactuallygetsintotheiceberg.Thevastfrozencentrewouldbeunaffected.26. [A]cometolife[B]comeintoexistence[C]comeintoactivity[D]comeround27. [A]speculation[B]imagination[C]computation[D]expectation28. [A]above[B]of[C]upon[D]over29. [A]essential[B]potential[C]claimable[D]obtainable30. [A]seized[B]snatched[C]grabbed[D]captured31. [A]much[B]any[C]some[D]certain32. [A]manageable[B]manipulative[C]operable[D]controllable33. [A]after[B]while[C]since[D]once34. [A]Apparently[B]Noticeably[C]Distinctly[D]Notably35. [A]round[B]over[C]up[D]throughSectionIV Error-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingeq\o(because,\s\do14(A))eq\o(there’s,\s\do14(B))hardlyeq\o(something,\s\do14(C))eq\o(left,\s\do14(D)).ANSWER:[C]anything36. eq\o(No,\s\do14(A))bankkeepseq\o(enough,\s\do14(B))casheq\o(paying,\s\do14(C))allitsdepositorsineq\o(full,\s\do14(D))atonetime.37. eq\o(Magazines,\s\do14(A))provideeq\o(the,\s\do14(B))greatvarietyofeq\o(advertisements,\s\do14(C))andentertainmenteq\o(aswellas,\s\do14(D))information.38. Ifiteq\o(doesn’t,\s\do14(A))raineq\o(within,\s\do14(B))thenextfewweeks,theeq\o(crops,\s\do14(C))willhavetobewaterediftheyareeq\o(tobesurvived,\s\do14(D)).39. Thisisthemostimportantrespecteq\o(which,\s\do14(A))civilizedeq\o(man,\s\do14(B))canbedistinguishedeq\o(from,\s\do14(C))primitiveeq\o(communities,\s\do14(D)).40. eq\o(As,\s\do14(A))abad-temperedman,heeq\o(wouldnottolerate,\s\do14(B))havinghislecturesinterruptedeq\o(asif,\s\do14(C))heweresomeobscurecandidateeq\o(making,\s\do14(D))anelectionspeech.41. Ifyoueq\o(were,\s\do14(A))awardedaprizeoftenthousanddollars,whatwouldyoudoeq\o(with,\s\do14(B))itifyoueq\o(had,\s\do14(C))eq\o(tospend,\s\do14(D))inaday?42. Theboyisconstantlyeq\o(beingtold,\s\do14(A))nottoscratchthepainteq\o(off,\s\do14(B))theall,buthegoesoneq\o(todo,\s\do14(C))iteq\o(allthesame,\s\do14(D)).43. Theparcelyoupostmustbeeq\o(wellpacked,\s\do14(A)).Inadequatepackingeq\o(canmean,\s\do14(B))delay,damageeq\o(or,\s\do14(C))lossatyoureq\o(expenses,\s\do14(D)).44. Theradiowasofeq\o(so,\s\do14(A))inferiorqualityeq\o(that,\s\do14(B))Itookiteq\o(back,\s\do14(C))andaskedforabettereq\o(one,\s\do14(D)).45. IcanlistentoBrucknereq\o(for,\s\do14(A))hourswithoutgettingbored,butifyouhaven’teq\o(heard,\s\do14(B))muchofhismusicbefore,youeq\o(mayfind,\s\do14(C))ittakessomeeq\o(gettingused,\s\do14(D)).SectionV VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiventhebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46. Byronissaid________(live)onvinegarandpotatoes.47. You________(leave)anote.Itwasveryinconsiderateofyoutodoso.48. Ifthehorsewontoday,he________(win)thirtyracesinfiveyears.49. Uponbeingquestionedhedenied________(write)thearticle.50. IwassosicklastnightthatIfeltasiftheroom________(go)round.51. Nowadayspeopleusuallypreferdrivingto________(drive).52. Ihopeherhealth________(improve)greatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.53. WhilewewereinLondonthatyear,theLondonBridge________(repair).54. Lotsofemptybottleswerefoundundertheoldman’sbed.Hemusthavedonenothingbut________(drink).55. Fordtrieddividingthelabour,eachworker________(assign)aseparatetask.SectionVI Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)56. 请乘客们系好安全带，以防碰伤。57. 除非安装一条新的装配线，否则提高产量是没有指望的。58. 有人提出，暑假期间安排一次到海南岛的考察旅行。59. 为了把课文中的难点解释清楚，他举了许多例子。60. 护士们通常毕生致力于照顾病人。SectionVII English-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesinheavytypeintoChinese.(20points)WhenJaneMathesonstartedworkatAdvancedElectronicsInc.12yearsago,(61)shelabouredoveramicroscope,hand-weldingtinyelectroniccomputersandturnedout18perhour.Nowshetendsthecomputerizedmachinerythatturnsouthighcapacitymemorychipsattherateof2,600perhour.Productionisup,profitsareup,herincomeisupandMrs.Mathesonsaystheworkisfarlessstrainonhereyes.ButthemostsignificanteffectofthechangesatAEIwasfeltbytheworkerswhoarenolongerthere.Beforethenewcomputerizedequipmentwasintroduced,therewere940workersattheplant.Nowthereare121.(62)Aplantfollow-upsurveyshowedthatoneyearafterthelayoffsonly38%ofthereleasedworkersfoundnewemploymentatthesameorbetterwages.Nearlyhalffinallysettledforlowerpayandmorethan13%arestilloutofwork.TheAEIexampleisonlyoneofhundredsaroundthecountrywhichforgeintelligentlyaheadintothelatesttechnology,butleavethemajorityoftheirworkersbehind.(63)Itsbeginningsobscuredbyunemploymentcausedbytheworldeconomicslow-down,thenewtechnologicalunemploymentmayemergeasthegreatsocio-economicchallengeoftheendofthe20thcentury.Onecorporationeconomistsaysthegrowthof“machinejobreplacement”hasbeenwithussincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,butneveratthepaceitisnow.Thehumancostswillbeastonishing.(64)“It’shumiliatingtobedoneoutofyourjobbyamachineandthereisnowaytofightback,butitistheefforttofindanewjobthatreallyhurts.”Someworkers,likeJaneMatheson,areretrainedtohandlethenewequipment,butoftenawholenewsetofskillsisrequiredandthatmeansanew,andinvariablysmallersetofworkers.(65)Theoldworkers,trappedbytheirlimitedskills,oftenneverregaintheiroldstatusandemployment.Manydriftintomarginalareas.Theyfeelnoprideintheirnewwork.Theygetbadlypaidforitandtheyfeelmiserable,butstilltheyareluckierthanthosewhoneverfindit.(66)Thesocialcostsgofarbeyondthewelfareandunemploymentpaymentsmadebythegovernment.Unemploymentincreasesthechancesofdivorce,childabuse,andalcoholism,anewfederalsurveyshows.Someexpertssaytheproblemisonlytemporary...thatnewtechnologywilleventuallycreateasmanyjobsasitdestroys.(67)ButfuturologistHymenSeymoursaystheastonishingefficiencyofthenewtechnologymeanstherewillbeasimpleanddirectnetreductionintheamountofhumanlaborthatneedstobedone.“Weshouldtreatthisas