大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧

英语四、六级段落信息匹配题一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么？长篇阅读理解篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。四级考试需要各位同学做的是，大家需要去看十个左右的段落，然后去匹配十个信息点。但是到六级当中，我们的难度就要增加了，我们见到的情况是六级当中变成了15个段落，去匹配十个信息点。但总体来看，不管题型怎么变，其实学习方法没变，还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读的能力，比方说读文章的时候，是不是直接拿英语读，如果读快速阅读的时候，还是拿中文边翻译边读的话，会发现阅读速度一直会比拟慢，所以那么长的文章很难找到细节，所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习惯，这样才能保证我们的阅读速度又快又准。二、信息匹配题难点分析1.

考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循的“顺序原那么〞解题。由于这一题型要求考生把细节信息与其所在的段落进行匹配，因此细节信息的排列绝对是“乱序的〞，这就意味着考生从文章开头到结尾按顺序定位的方法是行不通的。2.题干信息复杂，考生难以迅速抓住要领。题干中的细节信息通常是极复杂和繁琐的名词短语或长难句，考生往往在寻找到适宜的定位词之前，就已经被题干信息的复杂表述弄得晕头转向了。3.考生难以寻找到适宜的定位词。即使考生能够读懂题干中晦涩难懂的细节信息，但也会在寻找定位词时遇到很大障碍。因为题干提供的细节信息中往往不会出现非常明显的定位词(如数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等)。即使考生能够找到一个定位词，这一定位词也通常和文章主题密切相关，会在文章中屡次出现，因而也没有太大的意义。三、匹配题出题特点及应试技巧匹配类题型有很多种，常见的种类有：1〕人名-观点匹配；2〕.地名-描述匹配；3〕句子-句子匹配；4〕分类题(Classification)；5〕段落-标题匹配；6段落-细节匹配。其中前四种做题方法比拟类似，而后两种相对较复杂。这里将阐述前四种题型的做题方法。1.扭转做题思维先要扭转做题思维，不是找到句子答案所在，而是判断这句话在哪一段会出现。所以我们首要明确，考官出这个题是要考察我们什么阅读能力，我认为不是细节阅读能力，而是对文章框架思路的把握能力。2．预览题干，明确关键词该题型的解题根本思路是：先快速地将题干读一下，划出关键词;然后采用skimming和scanning的方式通读原文，匹配信息。3．快速掌握文章脉络通过阅读中心句快速掌握文章脉络。中心句一般出现在首位句，转折词如but或者因果关系联接词如asaresult引领的第二句，或者问句后面的答句。一般建议在找到中心句后，读一下末句，可以更精确地掌控段意。假设无特别明显的中心句，首尾句的阅读也有助于理解段意。阅读过程当中，有的信息点明确可直接先去选出答案。这里我们也要明确要多看英文，掌握英文的行文思路。一般而言剑桥里的文章组织有三大类。一是按时间，如货物运输，这是最简单的。二是按观点—原因—开展—瓶颈—措施—目标的布局来分析一件事物。三是偏科普的夹杂很多不同派别的理论，这个相对而言比拟难。注意字句的形式变化。在长篇阅读中寻找相关信息的难度很大程度上取决于考生对字句形式变化的辨题干对原文中整句话题干对原文中几句话或整段内容进行综合概括或推断。这就对考生的单词量、对某一单词多重释义的了解以及对句意的概括或推断能力提出了新要求。注意标记。在首次阅读的过程中如果不能确定某些单句是否与该段落相匹配，最好做个记号，以便第二次阅读时更有针对性。第二次阅读的目的：一是检查已初步确定的段落与单句是否确实匹配；未解答的题目。注意时间的合理使用，不要为确定某个细节问题而浪费大量的时间。【关键词的类型】1.人名、地名和专有名词2.一些拼写较长的词，比方：internship，competitiveness，globalization，integration，sustainability，innovative，immigration等。这些词属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅地出现。利用这些词可以高效地查找匹配段落。另外，这些词有时会作为生词在文中标注出来，像internship，在原文中用斜体印刷，并以括号备注中文。我们选它做关键词，瞬间就能找到原文出处了。2.数字，包括年代、百分比、特殊事件等。如四级样卷中的：mid-1970s,3.9percent，20percent，September11等。教研君利用这些数字进行定位，测得的准确率是100%哦!3.以连字符连接的特殊词汇。如：university-based，one-child。这些词是由两个(或三个)单词连接的新词，一般当成形容词使用。三个单词的例子如：hard-to-grasp难以理解的。这些词也属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。需要注意的是有时候我们需要将这些词拆开来定位，如one-child在原文中是没有的，原文是这样的“Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.〞这里的onechild就不是整体作为形容词使用了。4.研究、报告、书籍型词汇，如：report，study，books等。一般来说研究、报告等内容都是易考点，这些信息经常出现在特定的段落里，所以根据这些词汇作为关键词也很容易定位。5.最高级，如best，worst，most等。如六级第54题，关键词之一为thebestsolution。然而仅凭此关键词我们可能无法迅速地找到答案，因为原文的表述是themosteffectivemethod，用的词汇是完全不一样的。这时，我们还需要增加一个关键词pension，帮助我们定位。这就提醒我们在平常的阅读中应多关注最高级出现的地方，因为它常常是考点。6.具有特殊意义的指示性词汇。这类词汇虽然不是通常意义上的定位关键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向原文的开头、结尾或是某个具有特殊特征的段落。这些词通常包括如下三类：①能够指示开头段的词汇(如overview、introduction、initiation、mainidea、definition等)；②能够指示结尾段的词(如overview、future、solution、conclusion、suggestion、summary等)；③能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词汇(如rate、ratio、proportion、percentage等词往往对应含“%〞的段落；number、figure、statisticaldemographics等词往往对应数字集中的段落；financial、income、revenue、salary等词往往对应含诸如“$〞“￥〞等货币符号的段落)。考生能够通过这些指示性词汇缩小回原文定位的范围，从而快速判定表1—四级样卷长篇阅读表2—六级样卷长篇阅读PassageOneUniversitiesBranchOutA)Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.B)Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.C)Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroadD)Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.E)Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.F)Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(根底设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.G)Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.H)Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.I)MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.1.Americanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.2.Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.3.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.4.Thewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofglobalization.5.OfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.6.ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.7.TheU.S.federalfundingforresearchhasbeenunsteadyforyears.8.Aroundtheworld,governmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.9.Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.10.WhenforeignstudentsleaveAmerica,theywillbringAmericanvaluesbacktotheirhomecountries.PassageTwoIntotheunknownA)Untiltheearly1900snobodythoughtmuchaboutthewholepopulationsgettingolder.UNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing〞backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis〞,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.B)Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,surroundedbythealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvs.Old,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.C)Sincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganizationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefutureofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthenewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage.D)Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.E)Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(财政的)meltdown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.F)Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelaborforce,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.G)Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelaborforceashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingWesternEuropeforabout90%.H)Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelopingcountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleintheneedofjobs,manyrichcountriesneedhelpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslaborforcesinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.I)Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old〞countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年轻)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.J)Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillbecomeadifferentplace.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumbersthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartdoingso.K)Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.L)Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.M)Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfplayinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld’sdefenseeffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwillstillbegrowingwh