用高考词义猜测题

猜测词义Guessingmeanings词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…〞refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…〞ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…〞standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…〞means______.......

Lead-in(导入)1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast比照法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语〔从句〕或同位语〔从句〕来确定词义。常见提示词有：thatis(tosay),i.e.,inotherwords…或是后面括号内进行解释。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)2.Contrast比照法：利用文中的反义词以及表比照关系的词〔组〕猜测词义。表示比照的词有but、while、however、otherwise等。3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;极大的)4.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

贫穷的,穷困的)

(adj.

大的)5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有:forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

电器用具)6.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头〔前缀〕和词尾〔后缀〕所组成。词根是单词最根本的局部，表达单词的根本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的根本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-〔极微小的〕re-〔再，反复〕mis-〔误，恶〕im-〔不〕un-〔不，非〕in-〔不，非〕non-〔不，非〕-able〔能…的〕-less〔不，无〕-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)

reconstructioneastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波〔炉〕)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)

Eg.I’mgoingtobuyamicrobus.

micro+bus微型公共汽车1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.Context上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astar2）Tomsawan

owllastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarTomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarAABCAB(n.

猫头鹰)3〕Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apewhichisclimbingasmallhillatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)8.Commonsense普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比方了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉剂(药)Practice：

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------

1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.树枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

CB3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱C4.Mrs.Smithisloquacious

whileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.爱笑的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的C5.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,〞“MyMomissmarterthanyours.〞and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.〞Theword“boasting〞means_____.A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚BPassage1Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace〞means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage2Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious〞probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage3Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize〞means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopBPassage4Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.Theunderlinedword“astounded〞means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedD同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线局部的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。注意：1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast比照法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文SummaryPractice

2023全国卷EIhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar,sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarface.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.73.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheword“relish〞inthesecondparagraph?A.chooseB.enjoyC.prepareforD.carryon【语篇解读】:本文是夹叙夹议的文章。作者乘坐火车做长途跋涉。看到窗外陌生乡村的村民对列车上的乘客投以微笑，这微笑给她带来了快乐，并由此改变了作者多生活的态度。2023山东卷BAsksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.2023山东卷BHowever,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.61.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over-consumption〞referto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.【语篇解读】:人们已经意识到废物回收利用的重要性，但家庭对过量购物、物品过多包装等都对环境造成了严重的破坏，因此，真正的回收利用任重道远。2023天津卷AAsWindsorCastleisaworkingroyalpalace,visitorsandtheirbelongingsshouldgetthroughairport-stylesecuritychecks.Forsafetyandsecurityreasonsaone-waysystemoperatesalongthevisitorroute.40.Inthelastpart,a“workingroyalpalace〞referstoone___.A.stillbeingconstructedB.stillusedbytheroyalfamilyC.wheretheQueenusuallyworksD.whereworksofartareonshow【语篇解读】:本文是英国温莎城堡的旅游指南---涉及温莎城堡的简介，为盲人准备的悠扬声音之旅，导游效劳，为带孩子的游客提供的便捷效劳，购物，餐饮和城堡内摄像，平安等本卷须知。2023天津卷BThinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhide-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating(合作).42.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgamescan________.A.describelifeinanexcitingwayB.turnreal-lifeexperiencesintoaplayC.makelearninglifeskillsmoreinterestingD.changepeople’sviewsofsportingevents【语篇解读】:本文从世界各国的小孩子的孩提游戏讲到运动及奥运的民族精神。孩提游戏不仅使孩子娱乐，而且使他们学会终生受用的等候和团队配合。奥运运动可以增加民族自豪感和爱国情怀，增强民族凝聚力。2023北京卷DTheCostofHigherEducationIndividuals(个人)shouldpayfortheirhighereducation.Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.Meanwhile,socialmobilityisevermoredependentonhavingadegree.However,onlysomepeoplehaveit.Sotheindividual,notthetaxpayers,shouldpayforit.

2023北京卷DTherearepressingcallsontheresources(资源)ofthegovernment.Usingtaxpayers'moneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighincomesinthefutureisnotoneofthem.68.Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2refersto?A.taxpayersB.pressingcallsC.collegegraduatesD.governmentresources

【语篇解读】:本文为议论文。作者围绕着个人应给为取得高学历付学费这个观点展开辩论。【句意】:有关政府资源方面有很多紧迫的呼声，而使用纳税人的钱来帮组一小局部人在将来获得高收入并不在这些呼声中。2023广东Bwhensomethinggoeswrong,itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay,"Well,it'sso-and-so'sfault."or"IknowI'mlate,butit'snotmyfault;thecarbrokedown."Itisprobablynotyourfault,butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.2023广东BYouhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner'skeytosuccess.47.TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_.A.avoidB.acceptC.improveD.consider【句意】:成功者的秘诀在于不是把注意力集中在谁该受到责备而是集中在怎样改善糟糕的境况。2023江苏卷ASomefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestorwasRobert.59.Theunderlinedword“descendants〞inthelastparagraphmeansaperson’s_____A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors【语篇解读】:本文为说明文，主要介绍了人的姓名的起源以及所包含的意义。2023浙江AThoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsortofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.3.Theunderlinedword“rainbow〞inthelastparagraphrefersto______.A.therainbowintheskyB.thestripesonthepavementC.somethingimaginativeandfunD.importantlessonslearnedinchildhood【语篇解读】:本文为一篇生活故事。作者小时候在好朋友家的地下室发现一些油漆，淘气的他与朋友在人行道上刷出一道道彩虹，母亲回家时看见我们的杰作，发脾气了，并和我一起将门前公路上的这些彩虹冲洗掉了。从此我有一个心愿，希望我能找到属于自己的彩虹，让它照亮我们的生活，给我们五彩的希望与梦想。2023安徽B….ThingsnotattachedtotheEarthwouldflyoffinastraightline.Peopleinbuildingswouldsuddenlyshootupwardsatagreatspeeduntiltheyhittheceiling.Mostthingsoutsidewouldflyoffintospace.61.Theword“shoot〞underlinedinthe2ndpassageprobablymeans“__________〞.A.sendforB.movequicklyC.comeoutD.growquickly【语篇解读】:本文为科普文，作者向我们解释了两种自然现象：1.飞机向西飞行比向东飞行时间长的原因。2.如果地球引力突然消失将会出现的结果。2023辽宁BIhateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.AndbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.60.Whatdoestheword"shot"inParagraph1probablymean?A.Choice.B.TryC.Style.D.Goal【语篇解读】:本文是介绍海外风情的文章。作者比较英国伦敦与美国纽约