给水排水中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Optimumcombinationofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionincoal-accumulatedbasinofNorthChinaAbstractTheconflictamongwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionisgettingmoreandmoreseriousduetotheirrationaldrainageandexploitationofgroundwaterresourcesincoal-accumulatedbasinsofNorthChina.Efficientsolutionstotheconflictaretomaintainlong-termdynamicbalancebetweeninputandoutputofthegroundwaterbasins,andtotrytoimproveresourcificationoftheminewater.Allsolutionsmustguaranteetheeco-environmentquality.Thispaperpresentsanewideaofoptimumcombinationofwaterdrainage，watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionsoastosolvetheproblemofunstableminewatersupply,whichiscausedbythechangeablewaterdrainageforthewholecombinationsystem.Boththemanagementofhydraulictechniquesandconstraintsineconomy,society,ecology,environment,insustuialstructuraladjustmentsandsustainabledevelopmentshavebeentakenintoaccount.Sincethetraditionalandseparatemanagementofdifferentdepartmentsofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionisbrokenupthesedepartmentsworktogethertoavoidrepeatedgeologicalsurveyandspecificevaluationcalculationssothatlargeamountofnationalinvestmentcanbesavedandprecisecalculationforthewholesystemcanbeobtained.Inthelightoftheconflictofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectioninatypicalsectorinJiaozuocoalmine,acasestudyputsforwardanoptimumcombinationscheme,inwhichamaximumeconomicbenefitobjectiveisconstrainedbymultiplefactors.Theschemeprovidesaveryimportantscientificbaseforfindingasustainabledevelopmentstrategy.Keywordscombinationsystemofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotection,optimalcombination,resourcificationofminewater.AnalysesofnecessityforthecombinationTherearethreerelatedproblemsinthebasin.Itiswellknownthatthemajormine-hydrogeologicalcharacteristicsofthecoalaccumulatedbasininNorthChinadisplayastereowater-fillingstructure,whichisformedbymulti-layeraquifersconnectedhydraulicallytogetherwithvariouskindsofinnerorouterboundaries.MinewaterhazardshaveseriouslyrestrictedthehealthydevelopmentofcoalindustryinChinabecauseofmorewater-fillingsourcesandstrongerwater-fillingcapacityincoalminesofthebasin.Coalreservesinthebasinarethreatenedbythewaterhazards.InFengfeng,Xingtai,Jiaozuo,Zibao,HuaibeiandHuainancoalminedistricts,forexample,itisestimatedthatcoalreservesarethreatenedbythewaterhazardsupto52％,71.％40,％,60％,48％and90％oftotalprospectingreservesrespectively.Itisobviousthatun-miningphenomenoncausedbythewaterhazardsisserious.Water-burstingaccidentsundercoallayershaveseriouslyinfluencedsafeproduction.Somestatisticaldatashowthattherewere17water-burstingaccidentswithover1m3/sinflowfrom1985.Waterdrainageisanincreasingburdenoncoalminesthreatenedbywaterhazards:highcostofwaterdrainageraisescoalpricesandreducesprofitsoftheenterprise.Ontheotherhand,itismoreandmoredifficulttomeetthedemandofwatersupplyincoalminedistrictsinthebasin.Thereasonsarenotonlyaridandsemi-aridweatherconditions,butalsoalargeamountofwaterdrainagewithdeepdrawdownincoalminesandirrationalwaterexploitation.Thedeteriorationofeco-environmentisanotherproblem.Phenomenaoflandsurfacekarstcollapsecanbefound.Manyfamouskarstsprings,whicharedischargepointsforthewholekarstgroundwatersyatem,stopflowingortheirdischargeratesdecreaseonalargescale.DesertcremophytesinlargeareasinwestChinadiebecauseoffallinggroundwaterlevel.Thesethreeproblemsarerelatedandcontradictory.Inordertosolvetheproblemswhileensuringsafemining,meetingwaterresourcedemandsandslowingdownthepaceofeco-environmentdeterioration,itisnecessarytostudytheoptimumcombinationofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectioninthebasin.ThestateoftheartofresearchandtheproblemsAlthoughresearchintothecombinationofwaterdrainageandwatersupplystartedmuchearlierinsomecountries,theirconceptionissimpleandsomeshortcomingsremainintheirstudyonthetheoryandpatternofcombination.China’sresearchhistoryonthecombinationcanbedividedintothreestages.Thefirststageistheutilizationofminewater.Acenturyagominewaterstartedtobeusedaswatersupplyformines.Buttheutilizationscaleandefficiencywerequitelimitedatthattime.Thesecondstageisacomprehensiveone:minewaterwasusedwhilewaterhazardswereharnessed.Greatprogresswasmadebothintheoryandpracticeofthecombination.Forexample,thecombinationofwaterdrainageandwatersupplynotonlymeanstheutilizationofminewater,butalsomeansthatitisatechniqueofpreventingwaterhazards.Itisunfortunate,however,thatthecombinationresearchinthisstageofferedlesssenseofeco-environmentprotection.Optimumcombinationmanagementofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionisthethirdstage.Mainfeaturesinthisstagearetowidentraditionalresearch,andtoestablishaneconomic-hydraulicmanagementmodel,inwhichsafemining,eco-environmentprotectionandsustainabledevelopmentdemands,etc.aresimultaneouslyconsideredasconstraintconditions.TrinitysystemThetrinitysystemcombineswaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentqualityprotection.Thewater-collectingstructuresofthesystemconsistoflandsurfacepumpingwellsinthemines,shallowlandsurfacewellingroundwaterrechargeareasandartificialreliefwellsunderthemines.Bothintegrationandcoordinationforthetrinitysystemaredistinguishedaccordingtothecombination.Theintegrationforthesystemmeanstoutilizedrainagewaterundertheminesandpumpwaterontothelandsurfaceaswatersupplyfordifferentpurposeswithoutharmingtheeco-environmentalquality.Thecoalminesarenotonlydrainagesites,butalsowatersupplysources.Thepurposeofdrillingpumpingwellsonthelandsurfaceistoeliminatespecialinfluencesondifferentconsumers,whicharecausedbyterminatingdrainageprocessesundertheminesduetounexpectedaccidentsinmining.Thecoordinationforthesystemmeanstobulidsomewatersupplysourcesfordifferentconsumerswhileensuringeco-environmentalqualityingroundwaterrechargepositions,wherepumpinggroundwaterisquiteeffectiveonloweringgroundwaterheadsinthemineareas.Itinterceptsinadvancetherecharginggroundwaterflowtowardsthemines,whichmaynotonlyprovideconsumerswithgoodqualitygroundwater,achievethegoalofdroppingdowngroundwaterheadsinthemines,butalsoeffectivelyreducethehighcostsofdrainageandwatertreatment,whichareneededbytraditionaldewateringmeasureswithlargedrainageflowratesunderthemines.Thecoordinationchangesthetraditionalpassivepatternofpreventingandcontrollinggroundwaterhazardsundertheminesintothatofactivesurfaceinterception.Bothverydevelopedkarstflowbeltsandaccumulatedgroundwaterrechargeonesunderthegroundarerelativelyidealinterceptivecoordinationpositionsinthesystem.Fortheintegrationofthetrinitysystem,artificialreliefwellsundertheminesandthelandsurfacepumpingwellsmainlypenetrateintodirectthinbeddedkarstaquifersinterbeddedwiththeminingcoallayers,whileforthecoordinationofthesystem,theshallowlandsurfacewellsmainlypenetrateintoverythickkarstaquifer.Therefore,hydrogeologicalconceptualmodelforthesysteminvolvesthemulti-layeraquifersconnectedhydraulicallybydifferentinnerboundaries.Settingupstereohydrogeologicalconceptualmodelsandcorrespondingmathematicalmodelsisaprerequisiteforsolvingthemanagementalproblemsforthesystem.Managementofthetrinitysystemnotonlyconsiderstheeffectsofloweringgroundwaterheadsandsafeoperationforwaterdrainagesubsystem,butalsopaysattentiontothewaterdemandsforwatersupplysubsystemandqualitychangesforeco-environmentprotectionsubsystem.Theyplaythesameimportantroleinthewholecombinationsystem.Itcontrolsthegroundwaterheadsineachaquifertosatisfytheconditionsofsafeminingwithcertainwaterheadpressuresinthemines,andtoguaranteeacertainamountofwatersupplyfortheminesandnearareas,butthemaximumdrawdownofgroundwatermustnotbeexceded,whichmayresultinloweringeco-environmentalquality.Economic-hydraulicmanagementmodelInthetrinitysystemmanagement,groundwaterresourcesintheminesandnearbyareas,whichareassessedonthepremiseofeco-environmentqualitiesandsafeoperationinthemines,maybeprovidedaswatersupplyprices,drainagecosts,transportationcosts(includingpipelineandpurchasingthelandcosts)andgroundwaterqualitytreatmentcostsforthethreedifferentwaterconsumers,theoptimummanagementmodelsmayautomaticallyallocatetoeachconsumeracertainamountofgroundwaterresourcesandaconcretewatersupplyscenariobasedoncomparisonsofeachconsumer’seconomiccontributiontothewholesysteminobjectivefunction.Thereforethemanagementstudiesontheoptimalcombinationamongwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectioninvolveboththemanagementofgroundwaterhydraulictechniquesandtheeconomicevaluations,eco-environmentqualityprotectionandindustrialstructureprograms.Inadditiontorealizinganeconomicoperation,theyalsoguaranteeasafeoperationwhichisakeypointforthecombinationofthewholesystem.Themanagementmodelforthetrinitysystemcanreachwatersupplygoalswithdrainagewaterundertheminesandthelandsurfacepumpingwateronthepremiseofensuringeco-environmentalquality.Anditcanmakeuseofonemodeltolaydowncomprehensivelyoptimummanagementscenariosforeachsubsystembymeansofselectingproperconstraintsandmaximumeconomicbenefitobjectiveproducedbymultiplewaterconsumers.Themodelcanraisethesecurityandreliabilityofoperationforthewholetrinitysystem,andthedrainagewatercanbeforecastfortheminesandthemanagementofwatersupplyresourceandtheevaluationofeco-environmentqualitycanbeperformedatthesametimesoastorespectivelystoptheseparateorclosedmanagement,ofdepartmentsofdrainagewater,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionfromgeologicalsurveystagetomanagementevaluation.This,ineconomicaspect,cannotonlyavoidmuchgeologicalsurveryandspecialassessmentworkwhichareoftenrepeatedbythethreedepartments,andsavealotoffunds,butalso,intechnicalaspect,makeuseofonemodeltosimultaneouslyconsiderinterferenceandinfluenceoneachotherfordifferentgroundwaterseepagefieldssoastoguaranteecalculatingprecisionoftheforecast,themanagementandtheevaluationwork.Theeconomic-hydraulicmanagementmodelcanbeexpressedasfollows.AcasestudyAtypicalsectorischosen.ItislocatedintheeastofJiaozuocoalmine,HenanProvince,China.Itconsistsofthreemines:HanwangMine,YanmazhuangMineandJiulishanMine.Thelandsurfaceisflat,andthewholeareaisabout30km2.AnintermittentriverShanmenflowsthroughthesectorfromthenorthtothesouth.Averageannualprecipitationinthesectorisabout662.3mm.TheprecipitationmainlyconcentratesinJune,July,AugustandSeptembereachyear.StratainthesectorconsistofverythicklimestoneinMiddleOrdovician,coal-bearingrockseriesinPermoCarboniferousandloosedepositsinQuaternary.Therearefourgroupsoffaultedstructures.Thefirstisinnortheast-southwestdirectionsuchasF3andF1..Thesecondisinthenorthwest-southeastdirectionsuchasFangzhuangfault.Thethirdisintheeast-westdirectionsuchasFenghuanglingfault.Thelastisalmostinnorth-south.Thesefaultsareallfoundtobenormalfaultswithahighdegreeofdipangle.Fourmajoraquifershavebeenfoundinthesector.Thetoponeisasemi-confinedporousaquifer.Thenextoneisaverythinbeddedlimestonaquifer.Thethirdisathinbeddedlimestoneaquifer.Thelastoneatthebottomisaverythicklimestoneaquifer.Objectivefunctionofthemanagementmodelisdesignedtobemaximumeconomicbenefitproducedbydomestic,industrialandagriculturalwatersupply.Policymakingvariablesofthemodelareconsideredasthedomestic,industrialandagriculturalgroundwatersupplyratesineverymanagementtimestep,andtheyaresuppliedbyartificialreliefflowwellsunderthemines,thelandsurfacepumpingwellsintheminesandtheshallowlandsurfacewellsinthegroundwaterrechargeareas.Allthe135policymakingvariablesarechoseninthemodel,27fordrainagewellsundertheminesinaquifer,27forthelandsurfacepumpingwellsintheminedistrictsinaquifer27inaquifer27inaquiferO227fortheshallowlandsurfacewellsinaquiferO2 Basedontheproblems,thefollowingconstraintconditionsshouldbeconsidered:SafeminingconstraintwithgroundwaterpressureinaquiferL8.Therearealtogetherthreecoalminesinthetypicalsector,i.e.HanwangMine,YanmazhuangMineandJiulishanMine.Elevationsofmininglevelfortheseminesaredifferentbecauseitisabout88-150minthesecondmininglevelforHanwangMine,and-200minthesecondmininglevelforYanmazhuangMine,and-225minthefirstmininglevelforJiulishanMine.Accordingtominingexperiences,pressure-loadedheightsforgroundwaterheadsinsafeminingstateareconsideredasabout100-130m.Therefore,thegroundwaterleveldrawdownsinthethreemanagementtimestepsforaquiferL8atthreemineshavetobeequivalenttosafedrawdownvaluesatleastinordertopervertgroundwaterhazardsundertheminesandtoguaranteetheirsafeoperation.Geologicaleco-environmentqualityconstraint.Inordertopreverntgroundwaterleakagefromuppercontaminaterporousaquiferintobottomoneandthentoseepagefurtherdowntocontaminatethethinbeddedlimestoneaquiferinthepositionofburiedoutcrop,thegroundwaterheadsinthebottomporousaquifermustkeepacertainheight,i.e.thegroundwaterdrawdownsinitarenotallowedtoexceedmaximumvalues.GroundwaterheadconstraintattheshallowlandsurfacewellsinaquiferO2,TheshallowlandsurfacewellsshouldpenetrateinaquiferO2inordertoavoidgeologicalenvironmenthazards,suchaskarstcollapseanddeepkarstgroundwatercontamination.GroundwaterheaddrawdownsinaquiferO2fortheshallowlandsurfacewellsarenotallowedtoexceedcriticalvalues.IndustrialwatersupplyconstraintforthegroundwatersourceinaquiferO2.Therateofindustrialwatersupplyneededbytheplannedthermalpowerplantinthenorthofthesectorisdesignedtobe1.5m3/saccordingtothecomprehensivedesignofthesysteminthesector.Inordertomeetthedemandsofwater,therateindustrialwatersupplyforthegroundwatersourceinaquiferO2ineverymanagementtimestepmustbeequivalentatleastto1.5m3/s.Maximumamountconstraintofgroundwaterresourceavailableforabstraction.Inordertomaintainthebalanceofthegroundwatersysteminthesectorforalongtimeandtoavoidanyharmfulresultscausedbycontinuousfallingofgroundwaterhead,thesumofgroundwaterabstractionineachmanagementtimestepisnotallowedtoexceedthemaximumamountofgroundwaterresourceavailableforabstraction.Sincethereisnotonlywaterdrainageinthemines,butalsowatersupplyinthewholecombinationsystem,managementperiodforthemodelisselectedfromJune1,1978toMay31,1979,inwhichannualaveragerateofprecipitationisabout50％.Managementtimestepsfortheperiodaredividedintothree.ThefirstoneisfromJunetoSeptember,thesecondfromOctobertonextJanuary,andthelastonefromnextFebruarytoMay.Accordingtocomprehensiveinformationaboutactualeconomicability,economicdevelopmentprogramandindustrialstructureadjustmentinthesectoratpresentandinthenearfuture,anddifferentassociationformsofwatercollectingstructuresamongthelandsurfacepumpingwells,theshallowlandsurfacewellsandartificialreliefflowwellsunderthemines,thispaperdesigns12managementscenarious,allofwhichtakethesafeoperationinthetrinitysystemasthemostimportantcondition.Aftermakingcomparisonsofoptimumcalculationresultsforthe12scenarious,thispapercomestoaconclusionthatscenariosisthemostidealandapplicableoneforthetypicalsector.Thisscenarionotonlyconsiderstheeffectivedewateringadvantageoftheartificialreliefflowwellsundertheminesandsafestablewatersupplyadvantageofthelandsurfacepumpingwells,butalsopaysattentiontothedisadvantageoflowsafeguarantyrateforthereliefflowwellsundertheminesforwatersupplyandoflargedrillinginvestmentinthelandsurfacepumpingwells.Meanwhile,ehshallowlandsurfacewellsinaquiferO2inthisscenariowouldnotonlyprovidewatersupplyforthethermalpowerplantasplanned,butalsoplayanimportantroleindewateringthebottomaquifer,whichismajorrechargesourceofgroundwaterforthemines.Ifthedrainagesubsystemundertheminesrunsnormally,thisscenariocouldfullyoffertheeffectivedewateringfunctionsoftheartificialreliefflowwellsunderthemines,andmakesthetrinitysystemoperatenormally.Butifthedrainagesubsystemhastostopsuddenlybecauseofunexpectedaccidents,thescenariocouldstillfullyutilizethelandsurfacepumpingwellsandtheshallowlandsurfacewells,andincreaetheirpumpingratesinordertomakeupfortemporaryshortageofwatersupplyforthetrinitysystemandtomakeitseconomiclossesreducedtoaminimumextent.Increasinggroundwaterabstractionrateforthelandsurfacepumpingwellsandtheshallowlandsurfacewells,infact,isveryfavorableforharnessingthewater-accidentsundertheminesandforrecoveryproductionofthemines.Tosumup,thisscenariosetsupanewpatternforthecombinationofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotection.Itsolvesquitewelltheconflictsbetweenthelowsafeguarantyrateandtheeffectivedewateringresultfortheartificialreliefflowwellsunderthemines.Itmakesfulluseofbeneficialaspectoftheconflicts,andmeanwhilecompensatesfortheunbeneficialonebyarrangingthelandsurfacepumpingwellsinthecoalminedistricts.Therefore,thisscenarioshouldbecomprehensiveandfeasible.Inthisscenario,HanwanMine,YanmazhuangMineandJiulishanMinearedistributedoptimallyforcertainamountofdomesticandindustrialwatersupply,butnotformuchagriculturalwatersupply.Thelandsurfacepumpingwellsarealsodistributedfordifferentpurposesofwatersupply.Thewatersupplyforthethermalpowerplant(1.5m3/s)isprovidedbytheshallowlandsurfacewells.Comprehensiveeffects,producedbytheabovethreekindsofwatercollectingstructures,completelysatisfyalloftheconstraintconditionsinthemanagementmodel,andachieveanextremelygoodeconomicobjectiveof16.520551millionRMByuanperyear.Inordertoexaminetheuncertaintyofthemanagementmodel,12managementscenariosarealltestedwithsensitiveanalysis.ConclusionTheoptimumcombinationresearchamongwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionisofgreattheoreticalsignificanceandapplicationvalueinthebasinofNorthChinaforsolvingunbalancedrelationbetweenwatersupplyanddemands,developingnewpotentialwatersupplysourcesandprotectingweakeco-environment.Thecombinationresearchisconcernednotonlywithhydraulictechniquemanagementbutalsowithconstraintsofeconomicbenefits,society,ecology,environmentquality,safeminingandsustainabledevelopmentinthecoalmines.Thecombinationmodel,forthefirsttime,breaksuptheclosedsituationexistingforalongtime,underwhichthegovernmentdepartmentsofdrainagewater,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionfromgeologicalsurveystagetomanagementevaluationworkrespectively.Economically,itcansparetherepeatedgeologicalsurveyandspecialassessmentworkdonebythethreedepartmentsandsavealotoffunds;technically,onemodelismadeuseoftocovertheinterferenceandinfluenceeachotherfordifferentgroundwaterseepagefieldssoastoguaranteeahighcalculatingprecisionoftheforecast,themanagementandtheevaluationwork.Themanagementscenariopresentedinthecasestudyisthemostidealandapplicableforthetypicalsector.Thisscenarionotonlymakesfulluseoftheeffectivedewateringadvantagesoftheartificialreliefflowwellsundertheminesandsafestablewatersupplyadvantagesofthelandsurfacepumpingwells,butalsopaysattentiontothedisadvantagesoflowsafeguarantyrateforthereliefflowwellsundertheminesforwatersupplyandoflargedrillinginvestmentforthelandsurfacepumpingwells.ReferencesInvestigationteamonmine-hydrogeologyandengineeringgeologyintheMinistryofGeologyandMineralResources.InvestigationReportonKarst-water-fillingMines(inChinese).Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1996LiuQiren,LinPengqi,YuPei,Investigationcommentsonmine-hydrogeologicalconditionsfornationalkarst-water-fillingmines,JournalofHydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology(inChinese),1979WangMengyu,Technologydevelopmentonpreventingandcuringminewaterincoalminesinforeigncountries,ScienceandTechnologyinCoal(inChinese),1983Coldewey,W.G.Semrau.L.MinewaterintheRuhrArea(FederalRepublicofGermany),inProceedingsof5thInternationalMineWaterCongress,Leicestershire:QuornSelectiveReproLimited,1994Sivakumar,M.Morten,S,Singh,RN,Casehistoryanalysisofminewaterpollution,inProceedingsof5thInternationalMineWaterCongress,Leicestershire;QuornSelectiveReproLimited,1994YeGuijun.ZhangDao,FeaturesofKarst-water-fillingminesandcombinationbetweenwaterdrainageandwatersupplyinChina,JournalofHydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology(inChina),1988TanJiwen,ShaoAijun,ProspectanalysesonCombinationbetweenwaterdrainageandwatersupplyinkarstwaterbasininnorthernChina,JounnalofHebeiCollegeofGeology(inChinese),1985XinKuide,YuPei,Combinationbetweenwaterdrainageandwaterforseriouskarst-water-fillingminesinnorthernChina,JournalofHydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology(inChinese),1986WuQiang,LuoYuanhua,SunWeijiangetal.Resourcificationofminewaterandenvironmentprotection,GeologicalComments(inChinese),1997GaoHonglian,LinZhengping,Regionalcharacteristicsofmine-hydrogeologicalconditionsofcoaldepositsinChina,JournalofHydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology(inChinese),1985JiangBen,AtentativeplanforpreventingandcuringmeasuresonminewaterincoalminesinnorthernChina,GeologyandProspectingforCoaofield(inChinese),1993中国北方煤炭积聚区的最佳组合排水，供水和生态环境保护摘要为了开采中国北方煤炭资源丰富的区域，不合理的排水使排水、供水和保护生态环境之间的冲突日趋严重。有效的解决冲突的方法是保持地下水丰富的盆地的输入和输出之间长期的动态的平衡，并努力提高煤矿水的资源化。所有解决方案必须保证环境质量。本文提出了一种有关于优化排水、供水和环境保护之间的组合，以解决不稳定水流的问题，从而引起引流水变化的整个组合系统的新的理念。管理液压技术和限制经济，社会，生态，环境，工业结构调整与可持续发展已被考虑到。这个系统可以通过不同部门的共同努力打破不同部门之间独立管理排水、供水和保护环境的传统，避免了重复的地质调查和具体的评价计算，使国家可以节省大量的投资和精确计算。鉴于排水，供水和保护生态环境之间的冲突的一个典型的部门在焦作煤矿，一案例研究提出了一种优化组合方案，目的是最大经济效益能够受到多种因素的制约。该方案奠定了一个寻找可持续发展战略非常重要的科学基础关键词组合系统的排水，供水和保护生态环境，优化组合，矿井水资源化1分析相结合的必要性在盆地中有三个相关的问题。众所周知，在中国北方流域积累的煤矿的主要的水文地质是立体充水结构，它是由于液压与各类内、外边界的连结液相连的多层含水层。在中国煤炭储量丰富、矿井数目多的盆地，由于注水和更强的注水能力得到应用，矿井水严重制约了煤炭工业的健康发展。据估计总矿储量分别是52%，71%，40%，60%，48%和90%的峰峰、邢台、焦作、淄博、淮北和淮南的盆地煤矿区遭受到了破坏。很明显，不能挖掘的现象所造成的危害是严重的。透水事故严重影响安全生产。一些统计数据表明从1927年到1985年有17个超过1立方米/秒流速的透水事故发生。排水对煤矿水灾害的威胁是一个日益沉重的负担；排水成本提高引起了煤炭价格的上升和企业利润的减少。盆地的煤矿区的供水需求越来越难以得到满足。其原因一方面是干旱和半干旱的气候条件，另一方面是大量煤矿排水的不合理开发。另一个问题是环境恶化。地表上喀斯特地貌崩溃的现象可以被发现。许多著名的对整个卡斯特地下水系统非常重要的卡斯特泉水，已经停止了流动或者出流速度大规模的降低。在中国西部占有者很大面积的克拉玛依沙漠由于地下水位的下降正在走向死亡。这三个问题既是相关的又是矛盾的。为了解决盆地中的这一问题，同时确保安全开采、满足对水资源的需求和减缓环境的恶化，去研究排水、供水和环境保护之间的最佳组合是非常重要的。2研究行业的现状及问题虽然一些国家对于排水和给水的组合的研究比较早，其概念简单，在他们的理论与组合模式仍然有着很多缺点。中国对于组合排水研究的历史可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段是利用矿井水。一个世纪前的矿井水开始被用来作为矿井供水。但在那个时候利用规模和效率都非常有限。第二个阶段是全面的：矿井水被用来水灾害治理。在理论和实际上都取得了非常大的进步。例如，排水和给水的组合不仅意味着矿井水能够得到利用，也意味着防止水害成为了一种科技。然而不幸的是在这一阶段的组合研究对环境保护投入了太少的关注。优化管理排水，供水和保护生态环境的组合是第三阶段。在这个阶段的主要特点是拓宽传统的研究，并建立一个经济水压管理模式，同时把安全开采，生态环境保护与可持续发展和发展需求等作为约束条件。3三位一体系统三位一体系统结合了排水，供水和生态环境保护。集水系统的结构由矿井地表水的抽吸、地下浅地表水的在灌注和矿井下的人工救援水组成。根据这种组合三位一体系统中的整合和协调显得非常重要。一体化的系统意味着利用矿井下的排水然后用水泵把水抽到地表作为不同目的的供水同时不会损害生态环境质量。煤矿不仅是排水源，同时也是供水源。从地表抽水的目的是消除为了防止矿井下的意外事故发生而引起的排水终止的事情对不同的人造成的特别的影响。当抽取地下水作为一种非常有效地矿区降低地下水水头措施时，系统的协调意味着对于不同的消费者去建立一些供水源头，同时确保地下水灌注时生态环境质量的状态。。流向矿山的灌注水的增长截距，不仅能够提供给消费者高品质的地下水，实现降低矿山地下水水头的目的，还能够有效地降低在矿山下提供大流速的传统的排水措施的高成本。这种协调的方式改变了传统的被动的预防模式和限制了矿山下地下水的危害迅速的向地表扩散。在系统中非常发达的卡斯特流域和地下积累了大量水的区域是相对理想的协调位置。对于这个三位一体系统的整体来说，地下的人工救援水和表层抽取的水主要是直接的渗透进地下薄弱的卡斯特层状蓄水层和煤矿层，同时为了协调这个系统，煤矿的浅层必须穿透比较厚的卡斯特地下蓄水层。因此，水温地质概念模型的系统包括由液压连接的不同的内外边界的多层含水层。建立立体水文地质概念模型和相应的数学模型的先决条件是解决系统的管理问题。三位一体系统的管理不仅需要考虑到降低地下水水头的效果和排水系统的安全运行，同时要考虑到排水和供水系统对生态环境保护系统的影响。他们在整个组合系统中发挥了同样重要的作用。它控制了在满足安全开采条件的具有一定水头压力的矿井的各含水层的水头，并在矿井及其附近区域有一定量的供水，但是必须不能超过可能导致生态环境质量降低的地下水的最大水位降低量。4经济水压管理模型在三位一体管理系统中，生态环境质量和安全运行评估的前提是矿山及其周边的地下水资源可提供水供应价格，排水费用，运输费用（包括管道和购买土地的费用）和地下水质量检测的费用的三种不同的消费者优化管理模式，自动的分配给每一个消费者一定数量的地下水资源和水供应的情况下进行每一个消费者的目标函数对整个系统的经济贡献。因此，管理和研究排水，供水和环境保护之间的最佳组合涉及地下水液压管理技术和经济评价。生态环境质量保护与产业结构程序。为了实现经济运营，他们同时也保证了一个安全的操作，这对整个组合系统而言非常重要的关键点。三位一体系统的管理模式可以达到供水，排水和地表水时确保生态环境质量安全的目标。它可以通过选择适当的限制和通过多种水资源消费者产生的最大经济效益为每个子系统制定一个最适宜的全面的优化管理模式。这种模式可以提高三位一体系统运行的安全和可靠性，预测矿井的排水量，管理供水资源和评价生态环境质量的可以同时执行，以终止管理排水，供水和保护生态环境地质调查评估的各个不同部门之间的独立的和封闭的状态。这样，不仅可以避免三个部门之间许多往往是重复了的地质调查和评估工作，在经济方面，节约了大量的资金，而且可以在技术方面利用一个同时考虑不同区域的之间干扰和相互影响的模型保证地下水渗流计算的精度，预测，管理和评价工作。这种经济水压管理模式可以表示如下：5案例研究一个典型