牛津译林版英语八年级寒假复习预习讲义03

第三讲Grammar简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型英语句子按照结构来分，可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种类型。筒单句是由一个主谓结构组成的句子，其中的各个句子成分都是词或短语：(1)主谓结构：主语十谓语（不及物动词）(S+V)。Sandyissinging.桑迪正在唱歌。(2)主谓宾结构：主语十谓语（及物动词）十宾语（名词、代词、不定式、动名词等）(S+V+DO)。Theylikethebirds．他们喜欢那些鸟。(3)主系表结构：主语十系动词（be动词、感官动词等）+表语（名词、形容词、介词短语等）(S+V+P)。Theswanisbeautiful.天鹅很漂亮。(4)主谓双宾语结构：主语十谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）(S+V+IO+DO)。Annshowsherfriendsomephotos.安给她的朋友看一些照片。(5)主谓宾宾补结构：主语十谓语（及物动词）+宾语十宾语补足语（名词、形容词、现在分词、不定式等）(S+V+DO+OC)。正确。用法详解1、S(主）+V（谓语）(系动词）+P（表语）→主系表结构例如：WeareChinese.【说明】(1).除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，①表感官的动词，feel,smell,taste,sound,look,seem等。②表转变变化的动词，bee,get,grow,turn,go,等。③表延续的动词keep,seem等。④表瞬时的动词e,fall等。(2).表语也就是主语的补足语。1）S+V+名词/代词例如：Heisaboy.2）S+V+形容词例如：Sheisbeautiful.3）S+V+adv副词例如：Classisover.4）S+V+介词短语例如：Heisingoodhealth.5）S+V+分词例如：Heisexcited.一言以蔽之，就是连系动词后面的就/才是表语!记住了系动词就相当于记住了主系表结构！！！！接下来我们先区分两个概念：及物动词和不及物动词1）及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:see/hear/drank/eat/…Isawhimlastweek.2）不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词:laugh/smile/look/listen/…如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:Shelookattheblackboardcarefully.Helistenedtohisteacherinclass.2.由不及物动词，我们就有了主谓结构。即S(主)+Vi（不及物动词）（谓语）→主谓结构例如：Timeflies.然后我们再在动词后面加上修饰动作快慢的修饰词、表示动作发生地点、时间、方式、原因、目的等等短语，就有了以下几个结构：1）S+V+副词（状语）修饰动词例如：Birdssingbeautifully.2）S+Vi+介词短语（状语）表动作发生的时间例如：Hewentonholiday.3）S+Vi+不定式（状语）表动作发生的目的例如：Westoppedtohavearest.4）S+Vi+分词（状语）例如：I'llgoswimming.3.由及物动词，我们就有了主谓宾结构。即S(主）+Vt（及物动词）（谓语）+O（宾语）→主谓宾结构例如：WelikeEnglish.1）S+Vt+名词/代词例如：Ilikemusic.2）S+Vt+不定式例如：Iwanttohelphim.【说明】常用于这句型的动词有：decide,hope,learn,need,promise,want,等。3）S+Vt+疑问词+不定式例如：Idon'tknowwhattodo.【说明】常用于这句型的动词有：ask,decide,findout,forget,know等。4）S+Vt+动名词例如：Ienjoylivinghere.【说明】常用于这句型的动词有：advise,enjoy,finish,mind,practise等。5）S+Vt+宾语从句例如：Idon'tthink(that)heisright.【说明】常用于这句型的动词有：hope,know,notice,think,wonder等。有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，要注意区分。。。Theyflythekites.他们放风筝。Thekitesflyinthesky.风筝在天上飞。4、再把主谓宾的宾分为人和物，我们就有了主谓双宾结构。即S(主）+Vt（谓语）+InO（间接宾语）+DO（直接宾语）→主谓双宾结构例如：Igiveyouhelp.1）S+Vt+间接宾语+直接宾语例如：Isenthimabook.2）S+Vt+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语例如：Hesentabooktome.【说明】①间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：bring,give,lend,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,write等。②间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：buy,get,make等。5、再把主谓宾的宾加上点补充说明宾语的词，我们就有了主谓宾补结构。即S(主）+Vt（谓语）+O（宾语）+OC（宾语补足语）→主谓宾补结构例如：Imakeyouclear.【强调】宾语和宾语补足语之间通常具有逻辑主谓关系。1）S+Vt+宾语+名词例如：WenamedourbabyTom.【说明】常用于这句型的动词有：call,find,make,name等。2）S+Vt+宾语+形容词例如：Hepaintedthewallwhite.【说明】常用于这句型的动词有：cut,find,keep,leave,make,see,wash等。3）S+Vt+宾语+介词短语例如：Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.4）S+Vt+宾语+不定式例如：Iwishyoutostay.【说明】常用于这句型的动词有：①不定式带to的词：ask,invite,tell,want,warn,wish等。②不定式不带to的词：have,know,let,make,notice,see,watch等。5）S+Vt+宾语+分词例如：Iheardmynamecalled（表示被动）.Ifeelsomethingmoving（表示进行）.【说明】常用于这句型的动词有：notice,observe,see,watch等。6）S+Vt+宾语+疑问词+不定式例如：Heshowmehowtodoit.【说明】常用于这句型的动词有：ask,show,teach,tell等。【难点】如何区分双宾结构和宾补结构？在宾语的后面加上be动词，若能构成一个语义通顺的句子，就是补足语。第三讲ExercisesGrammar简单句的五种基本句型=1\*ROMANI.词汇(共10小题)01.Theytoldmetheyallenjoyedtheir______(逗留)inBeijinglastmonth.02.ImadeabirthdaycardformymotheroutsidebecauseIwantedtokeepit_________(秘密的).03.Lindaenjoyedthewonderfulsonganddanceshowsandlearnedalotaboutdifferent___________(文化).04.Shefeltunhappybecausehermotherlooked__________(生气)ather.05.Mr.WugotaninvitationfromDavid,andhe________(接受)ithappily.06.Thecatcaughtthree____________(butterfly)anditwouldn’tletthemgo.07.You’dbetter_________(nothurt)thewildanimals.08.Mybookis__________(lose),Ican'tfindit.09.Wedideverythingwecould______________(protect)theanimalindanger.10.Hefeltmuch_____________(health)afterexercisingforalongtime.=2\*ROMANII.单选（共15小题）()01.Lookat_____snowman,Jack!Howdoyoulikeit? Thisis_____mostwonderfuloneIhaveeverseen. A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a()02.Chinaislargerthan_____inAsia(亚洲).A.anycountry B.anyothercountry C.theothercountry D.anothercountry()03.TheChineseTeamwon199goldenmedalsinGuangzhouAsianGames._____goodnews!A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How()04.What’syourbestfriendlike? He_____.A.likesplayingfootball B.isliketallandthinC.isliketohelpmealot D.ishelpfulandkind()05.Thesentencestructureof“Wemustkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.”is_____.A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC()06.Dennisdoesn’tpaint_____others,buthisideasarethemostwonderfulofall.A.ascarefulas B.socarefullyasC.morecarefulthan D.lesscarefulthan()07.Allandidn’ttakethecoatwithhimonacoldnight._____,hegotacold.A.Firstofall B.Becauseof C.Asaresult D.Forexample()08.Hemadeafire_____himself_____warm.A.tomake;keep B.tomake;tokeepC.make;tokeep D.make;keep()09.Whichofthetwoshirtsdoyoulikebetter?I’lltake_____.Theyareveryfashionableandcheap.A.nothingB.none C.all D.both()10.If

thereare

_____peopledrivingcars,therewillbe

_____airpollution.Yes,theairwillbefresher.A.less;less

B.less;fewer

C.fewer;fewer D.fewer;less()11.Look!Therearemany_____inthesky.Ithinkitwillbe______tomorrow.A.cloud,cloudyB.cloudy,cloud C.clouds,cloudy D.cloudy,cloudy()12.The

police

told

the

boys

_____

on

the

road.A.

don’t

play

football B.

not

to

play

football

C.

not

playing

football

D.

don’t

to

play

football

()13.Look!Thegirl_____longhairismakingasnowman.IssheSandy?It_____beher.I’mnotsure.A.with,mustn’tB.has,mustC.has,can’tD.with,may()14.Parents_____foodandclothes.A.providechildrento B.providechildrenforC.providechildrenagainst D.providechildrenwith()15.Moreandmorewildanimalsareindanger._____.A.Congratulation!B.Goodidea!C.Whatapity!D.Idon’tthinkso.=3\*ROMANIII.选词填空（共10小题）protect,important,world,beableto,feelsorry,makeuslaugh,protect,important,world,beableto,feelsorry,makeuslaugh,indanger,lookafter,makebreakfast,insteadof01.ZhalongNatureReserveis____________________wetlandinChina.It’smoreimportantthananyother.02.DoesSamlikedolphinsandsquirrels?No.Helikesgiantpandasandzebras____________________dolphinsandsquirrels.03.Theshopkeeper____________________andactedtoprotectwildanimalsbynotsellingfurcoats.04.Sallyishumorous.Sheoftentellsfunnyjokesand____________________.05._____________yourparents____________________whenyouwokeupthismorning?06.Shouldwetakeactionrightawaytomakelaws____________________rareanimals?07.ThemembersoftheBirdwatchingSocietyarewritingtotellyouaboutsomerarebirds____________________.08.Whatdoyouknowabouttigers?They____________________runveryfast,butonlyforashortwhile.09.Who____________________thebabyifIamnotabletoebacktomorrow?10.TheRiverSeineisoneofthe____________________mostfamousrivers.=4\*ROMANIV.完成句子(共5小题)01.云南一年到头都温暖如春。Yunnaniswarmlikespring.02.如果农民继续砍伐树木和森林，大熊猫会没有地方可住。Iffarmerskeepcuttingdowntreesandforests,giantpandaswill.