聊城大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2011年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2012年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2013年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2014年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2015年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2016年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2017年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2018年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2011年聊城大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

Ⅰ.VocabularyandGrammar(30’)

MultipleChoice

Directions:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyour

answersonyouranswersheet.

1.Thevictory_____thesoldierswithoptimism.

A.approached

B.infused

C.influenced

D.brought

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这场胜利使士兵们充满信心。infuse使充满。approach接

近。influence影响。bring带来。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

2.The_____oftheTitanicin1912wascausedbyahugeiceberg.

A.plunging

B.drowning

C.sinking

D.descending

【答案】C

【解析】句意：1912年的“泰坦尼克号”沉没事件是由一座巨大的冰山造

成的。sink下沉。plunge投入。drown淹死。descend下降。因此，本题的

正确答案为C。

3.Tomorrowthenewpriestwillgivehisfirst_____tothecongregation.

A.speech

B.sermon

C.lecture

D.discourse

【答案】B

【解析】句意：明天新牧师将在集会上发表他的第一篇布道。sermon布

道。speech演讲。lecture讲座。discourse演说。因此，本题的正确答案

为B。

4.Shehas_____influencewiththemanager.

A.considering

B.considerable

C.considerate

D.consideration

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她对经理影响巨大。considering考虑到……，为介词。

considerable相当大的。considerate体贴的。consideration考虑，为名词。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

5.Darkcloudsaregatheringinthesky,andastormis_____.

A.imminent

B.immediate

C.eminent

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】句意：空中乌云正在聚集，暴雨正在迫近。imminent迫近的。

immediate立即的。eminent杰出的。instantaneous瞬间的。因此，本题的

正确答案为A。

6.H1N1influenzausuallyhasa_____periodofabout2to7days.

A.tacit

B.covert

C.inert

D.latent

【答案】D

【解析】句意：H1N1流感通常有2到7天潜伏期。latent潜伏的，latent

period意为“潜伏期”，为固定搭配。tacit缄默的。covert隐蔽的。inert惰

性的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

7.Theseflowersneedwatering;otherwise,theywill_____.

A.disappear

B.wither

C.flourish

D.blossom

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这些花需要浇水，否则就会枯萎。wither枯萎。disappear

消失。flourish茂盛。blossom开花。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

8.TheDeadSeais_____ofanyplantoranimallifebecauseoftheextremely

highcontentofsalts.

A.devoid

B.minus

C.absent

D.empty

【答案】A

【解析】句意：死海由于盐分含量极高，其中没有任何植物或动物生

存。devoid缺乏的，用法为bedevoidofsth意为“毫无某物”。minus负

的。absent缺席的。empty空的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

9.ThearticlethatyouneedisintheMay2009_____ofReader’sDigest.

A.journal

B.periodical

C.publication

D.issue

【答案】D

【解析】句意：你需要的文章在2009年五月号的《读者文摘》杂志上。

在英语中表示报纸杂志的期数时用issue。journal日报。periodical期刊。

publication出版物。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

10.Ithinkmyfriendsarespendingtheweekendwiththeir_____families.

A.respective

B.respectable

C.respected

D.respectful

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我认为我的朋友们都是和各自的家人一起过周末的。

respective分别的。respectable值得尊敬的。respected受尊敬的。

respectful恭敬的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

11.Johnsonwishedthathe_____lastyear.

A.hadaccompaniedhisfathertoEurope

B.accompaniedhisfathertoEurope

C.wouldhaveaccompaniedhisfathertoEurope

D.shouldhaveaccompaniedhisfathertoEurope

【答案】C

【解析】句意：John希望去年陪父亲一起去欧洲。由题意可知，wish后

的从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，应使用虚拟语气，结构为主语

+wish(that)+从句主语+would/couldhavedone…。因此，本题的正确答

案为C。

12.Thesereasonsmake_____forthechildrentoreceivehighereducation.

A.itisnecessary

B.necessary

C.thatnecessary

D.itnecessary

【答案】D

【解析】句意：这些理由使得孩子接受高等教育变得很有必要。make

it+adj.意为“使它变得……”，为固定搭配，此处形容词为补语。因此，

本题的正确答案为D。

13.One’ssuccessisdetermined_____bywhathethinksasbywhathedoes.

A.notsomuch

B.sonotmuch

C.somuchnot

D.muchnotso

【答案】A

【解析】句意：一个人的成功并不特别取决于他的想法，而取决于他的

行动。notsomuch…as…意为“与其说……不如说是……”，为固定搭

配。根据题目后半句的as可判断应使用此结构。因此，本题的正确答案

为A。

14._____havemadelifeeasierandmoreconvenientiswidelyaccepted.

A.Whatcomputers

B.Wherecomputers

C.Thatcomputers

D.Computers

【答案】C

【解析】句意：电脑使生活更容易、更方便，这一点已经被广泛接受。

该句中包含主语从句，由于从句描述的是一事实，故用that引导。因

此，本题的正确答案为C。

15.Thegirlknowsnobodyinthecity_____him.

A.otherthan

B.anotherthan

C.differentfrom

D.similarwith

【答案】A

【解析】句意：除了他，这女孩不认识这个城市里的任何人。otherthan

除了。differentfrom与……不同。similarwith与……相似，不符合题

意。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

16.Imagism_____movementintheearly20thcenturyAnglo-American

poetry,wasareactiontoVictoriansentimentalism.

A.wasa

B.thata

C.a

D.thatwasa

【答案】D

【解析】句意：印象派是从20世纪早期英美诗歌起源的一场运动，是对

维多利亚时代的感情主义的复古运动。该句结构完整，故逗号前只能是

修饰“imagism”的定语从句，用that引导，且从句不能缺少谓语。因此，

本题的正确答案为D。

17.ThomasPainewroteduringtheAmericanRevolutionaseriesofarticles,

_____wastoinspiretheAmericantroopstocontinuetheirbattlefor

independencefromEngland.

A.whosepurpose

B.itspurpose

C.thepurpose

D.purpose

【答案】A

【解析】句意：托马斯·潘恩在美国革命期间写了一系列故事，目的是鼓

舞美国军队继续从英国手中赢得独立的战争。根据句子结构可知逗号后

应为非限制性定语从句，根据句意可知这里表达的是“托马斯·潘恩的目

的”，用whose引导。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

18.Livinginmodernsociety,peopleshouldbe_____stress.

A.ableofhandling

B.abletohandle

C.capabletohandle

D.enabletohandle

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在现代社会生活的人们能够处理压力。表示“能力”时可

使用结构beabletodosth./becapableofdoingsth.。enable意为“使能够”，

用法为enablesb.todosth.。只有B项符合语法。因此，本题的正确答案

为B。

19.Itisrequiredthattheproject_____before2012.

A.iscompleted

B.becompleted

C.tobecompleted

D.willbecompleted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：按要求，这项工程应该在2012年前完成。itisrequired

that…句型后接that从句时，从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

20.Susandidnothandinherassignmentthismorningbecauseshehad

forgotten_____.

A.bringingitwithher

B.tobringingitwithher

C.aboutbringingitwithher

D.tobringitwithher

【答案】D

【解析】句意：Susan今天早晨没有交作业，因为她忘了带。forgettodo

sth.意为“忘记去做某事”，表示没有做应该做的事。因此，本题的正确

答案为D。

Ⅱ.ReadingComprehension(40’)

SectionIMultipleChoice(20’)

Directions:Inthissectionthereare2readingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-

choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyour

answersheet.

PassageA

Ourloveaffairwithsugarandalsowithsalt,anothercrucialbutnotalways

availablepartofthedietgoesbackmillionsofyears.Buthumanity’sappetite

foranimalfatandproteinisprobablymorerecent.Itwassome2.5million

yearsagothatourhominidancestorsdevelopedatasteformeat.Thefossil

recordshowsthatthehumanbrainbecamemarkedlybiggerandmore

complexaboutthesametime.Andindeed,accordingtoKatherineMilton,an

anthropologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,“theincorporationof

animalmatterintothedietplayedanabsolutelyessentialroleinhuman

evolution.”

Forstarters,meatprovidedaconcentratedsourceofprotein,vitamins,

mineralsandfattyacidsthathelpedourhumanancestorsgrowtaller.The

firsthumanswerethesizeofsmallchimps,butthebonesofaHomoergaster

boydatingbackabout1.5millionyearssuggestthathecouldhavestood

morethan6ft.asanadult.Besidesbuildingourbodies,saysEmory

University’sDr.S.BoydEaton,thefattyacidsfoundinanimal-basedfoods

wouldhaveservedasapowerfulrawmaterialforthegrowthofhuman

brains.

Becauseit’ssopackedwithnutrients,meatgaveearlyhumansarespitefrom

constantfeeding.Likelionsandtigers,theydidn’thavetocataroundthe

clockjusttokeepgoing.Butmoreimportant,unlikethebigcats,whichrely

mostlyonstrengthandspeedtobringdowndinner,ourancestorsdepended

onguile,organizationandthesocialandtechnologicalskillsmadepossible

bytheirincreasinglycomplexbrains.Thosewhoweresmartestabouthunting

andaboutgatheringtheplantfoodstheyateaspartoftheiromnivorousdiets

tendedtobebetterfedandhealthierthanthecompetition.Theywerethus

morelikelytopassalongtheirgenes.

Thenewappetiteformeatdidn’tmeanwelostourpassionforsweets,

though.AsBerkeley’sMiltonpointsout,thebrain’sgrowthmayhavebeen

facilitatedbyabundantanimalprotein,butthebrainoperatesonglucose,the

sugarthatservesasthemajorfuelforcellularfunction.“Thebraindrinks

glucose24hoursaday,”shesays.Thesugarsinfruitandthecarbohydrates

inediblegrainsandtubersareparticularlygoodsourcesofglucose.

Theappetiteformeatandsweetswereessentialtohumansurvival,butthey

didn’tleadtoobesityforseveralreasons.Foronething,thewildgameour

ancestorsatewashighinproteinbutverylow’infatonlyabout4%,

comparedwithupto36%ingrain-fedsupermarketbeef.Foranother,our

ancestorscouldn’tcountonasteadysupplyofanyparticularfood.Hunters

mightbringdownadeerorarabbitornothingatall.Fruitmightbein

season,oritmightnot.Achunkofhoneycombmighthaveasmanycalories

ashalfadozenKrispyKremedoughnuts,butyoumightbeabletogetitonce

ayearatbest—anditwouldn’thavethefat.

Beyondthat,huntingandgatheringtookenormousphysicalwork.Chasing

wildanimalswithspearsandclubswasamarathonundertakingandthenyou

hadtohackupthecatchandlugitmilesbacktocamp.Climbingtreestofind

nutsandfruitwashardworktoo.Inessence,earlyhumansalewhat

amountedtothebestofthehigh-proteinAtkinsdietandthelow-fatOrnish

diet,andworkedoutalmostnonstop.Togetasenseoftheirendurance,

cardiovascularfitness,musculatureandbodyfat,sayevolutionary

anthropologists,lookatamodernmarathonrunner.

1.Whichofthefollowingfirstappearedasastaplepartofhumandiet?

A.meat

B.sugar

C.protein

D.fat

2.Theword“hominid”inLine3,Paragraph1means_____.

A.intelligent

B.primitive

C.able

D.flexible

3.Aftermeatbecamepartofourancestors’diet,_____.

A.theirbodiesandbrainswerebothimproved

B.theynolongerneededsweets

C.theybegantocataroundtheclockjusttokeepgoing

D.theycoulddependmostlyonstrengthandspeedtoobtainfood

4.Themajorphysicalcharacteristicsofearlyhumanscanbefoundina

modern_____.

A.scientist

B.marathonrunner

C.child

D.man

5.Accordingtothepassage,theappetiteforsweetsandmeatdidnotleadto

obesityofourancestorsbecauseallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

A.themeattheyatewashighinproteinbutlowinfat

B.theytriedtoloseweight

C.theydidnothaveasteadysupplyofanyparticularfood

D.theyneededtodoenormousphysicalwork

【答案与解析】

1.B文章第一段第一句提到“Ourloveaffairwithsugarandalsowithsalt,

anothercrucialbutnotalwaysavailablepartofthedietgoesbackmillionsof

years.”，后文提到人类食用动物肉类和蛋白质比起对糖与盐的热爱则更

晚一些。由此可知，人类最早大量食用的是糖类。故选B。

2.B文章主要围绕着“原始人的食谱”展开讨论，而原始人是人类的祖

先。由此可推测hominidancestor指的是人类“原始的祖先”，hominid即

指“原始的”。故选B。

3.A文章第二段第一句提到“meatprovidedaconcentratedsourceof

protein…thathelpedourhumanancestorsgrowtaller.”，人类食谱中的肉提

供了大量营养，使得人类能长得更高。结尾提到“Besidesbuildingour

bodies…thefattyacidsfoundinanimal-basedfoodswouldhaveservedasa

powerfulrawmaterialforthegrowthofhumanbrains.”，肉类中的脂肪酸

可以给人类大脑提供生长原料。由此可知，人类食谱中的肉类可以让人

类的身体和大脑能力都得到增强。故选A。

4.B文章最后一段最后一句提到“Togetasenseoftheirendurance,

cardiovascularfitness,musculatureandbodyfat,sayevolutionary

anthropologists,lookatamodernmarathonrunner.”。由此可知，据研究，

原始人的耐力、强健的心血管、肌肉组织和体脂含量都和现代的马拉松

运动员差不多。故选B。

5.B根据题干关键词“obesity”定位至文章倒数第二段。该段提到了一些

原始人摄入肉类和糖，但不会导致肥胖的原因：原始人的食物是高蛋

白、低脂肪的；特定食物供应来源不稳定。文章最后一段又提到原始人

为了生存而进行的打猎和采集活动需要大量体力。原始人不会刻意去减

肥。故B项错误。

PassageB

TherewasatimewhenAmericansthoughttheyunderstoodclass.Theupper

crustvacationedinEuropeandworshipedanEpiscopalGod.Themiddle

classdroveFordFairlanes,settledtheSanFernandoValleyandenlistedas

companymen.TheworkingclassbelongedtotheA.F.L.-C.I.O.,voted

DemocraticanddidnottakecruisestotheCaribbean.

Today,thecountryhasgonealongwaytowardanappearanceof

classlessness.Americansofallsortsareawashinluxuriesthatwouldhave

dazzledtheirgrandparents.Socialdiversityhaserasedmanyoftheold

markers.Ithasbecomehardertoreadpeople’sstatusintheclothesthey

wear,thecarstheydrive,thevotestheycast,thegodtheyworship,thecolor

oftheirskin.Thecontoursofclasshaveblurred;somesaytheyhave

disappeared.

ButclassisstillapowerfulforceinAmericanlife.Overthepastthree

decades,ithascometoplayagreater,notlesser,roleinimportantways.Ata

timewheneducationmattersmorethanever,successinschoolremains

linkedtightlytoclass.Atatimewhenthecountryisincreasinglyintegrated

racially,therichareisolatingthemselvesmoreandmore.Atatimeof

extraordinary-advancesinmedicine,classdifferencesinhealthandlifespan

arewideandappeartobewidening.

Andnewresearchonmobility,themovementoffamiliesupanddownthe

economicladder,showsthereisfarlessofitthaneconomistsoncethought

andlessthanmostpeoplebelieve.Infact,mobility,whichoncebuoyedthe

workinglivesofAmericansasitroseinthedecadesafterWorldWarIIhas

latelyflattenedoutorpossiblyevendeclined,manyresearcherssay.

MobilityisthepromisethatliesattheheartoftheAmericandream.Itis

supposedtotakethestingoutofthewideninggulfbetweenthehave-mores

andthehave-nots.TherearepoorandrichintheUnitedStates,ofcourse,the

argumentgoes;butaslongasonecanbecometheother,aslongasthereis

somethingclosetoequalityofopportunity,thedifferencesbetweenthemdo

notadduptoclassbarriers.

However,thetrendsarebroadandseeminglycontradictory:theblurringof

thelandscapeofclassandthesimultaneoushardeningofcertainclasslines;

theriseinstandardsoflivingwhilemostpeopleremainmooredintheir

relativeplaces.

Evenasmobilityseemstohavestagnated,theranksoftheeliteareopening.

Today,anyonemayhaveashotatbecomingaUnitedStatesSupremeCourt

justiceoraC.E.O.andtherearemoreandmoreself-madebillionaires.Only

37membersoflastyear’sForbes400.alistoftherichestAmericans,

inheritedtheirwealth,downfromalmost200inthemid-1980’s.

Soitappearsthatwhileitiseasierforafewhighachieverstoscalethe

summitsofwealth,formanyothersithasbecomehardertomoveupfrom

oneeconomicclasstoanother.Americansarearguablymorelikelythanthey

were30yearsagotoendupintheclassintowhichtheywereborn.

AparadoxliesattheheartofthisnewAmericanmeritocracy.Merithas

replacedtheoldsystemofinheritedprivilege,inwhichparentstothemanner

bornhandeddownthemanortotheirchildren.Butmerit,itturnsout,isat

leastpartlyclass-based.Parentswithmoney,educationandconnections

cultivateintheirchildrenthehabitsthatthemeritocracyrewards.Whentheir

childrenthensucceed,theirsuccessisseenasearned.

Thescrambletoscoopupahouseinthebestschooldistrict,channelachild

intotherightpreschoolprogramorlandthebestmedicalspecialistareall

partofaquietcontestamongsocialgroupsthattheaffluentandeducatedare

winninginarout.

“Theoldsystemofhereditarybarriersandclubbybarriershasprettymuch

vanished.”saidEricWanner,presidentoftheRussellSageFoundation,a

socialscienceresearchgroupinNewYorkCitythatrecentlypublisheda

seriesofstudiesonthesocialeffectsofeconomicinequality.

Inplaceoftheoldsystem,Dr.Wannersaid,havearisen“newwaysof

transmittingadvantagethatarebeginningtoassertthemselves.”

6.Whichofthefollowingleavesanimpressiononpeoplethatclass

distinctionsaredisappearinginAmerica?

A.Americansofallsortsareenjoyingluxuries.

B.Childrenofthewealthyfamiliestendtobemoresuccessfulinschools.

C.Therichreceivebettermedicaltreatment.

D.Therichhavealongerlifespan.

7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?

A.Americansoncethoughtthattheyunderstoodwhatclassmeant.

B.Americahasbecomeaclasslesscountry.

C.Classdifferencesinsomefieldsarewidening.

D.ClassisnowplayingagreaterroleinAmericansocietythanbefore.

8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe

Americandream?

A.MobilityisacoretenetoftheAmericandream.

B.Americansaremorelikelythanbeforetoendupintheclassintowhich

theywereborn.

C.IthasbecomemoredifficultformostpeopletorealizetheAmerican

dream.

D.AmericanshavegivenuptheirAmericandream.

9.Whatdoestheword‘‘contradictory”inLine1,Paragraph6mean?

A.conflicting

B.complementary

C.cooperative

D.harmonious

10.WhatisthecorrectexpressionabouttheAmericanmeritocracy?

A.Advancementisnotbasedonindividualabilityorachievement.

B.Meritisclass-basedtosomeextentinAmerica.

C.Itfailstomakethoseexcellentpeoplesucceed.

D.Onlytherichcanbenefitfromthestem.

【答案与解析】

6.A文章第二段提到了美国阶级消失的一些表现：所有阶层的美国人都

接受了奢侈品的洗礼；社会多元化抹除了一些旧的标志。由此可知，美

国阶级消失的表现之一就是所有阶层的美国人都能享用奢侈品。故选

A。

7.B文章开头提到“TherewasatimewhenAmericansthoughtthey

understoodclass.”；第三段第二句提到“Overthepastthreedecades,ithas

cometoplayagreater,notlesser,roleinimportantways.”，结尾提到“Ata

timeofextraordinary-advancesinmedicine,classdifferencesinhealthand

lifespanarewideandappeartobewidening.”。因此A、C、D三项正确。

文章第三段第一句提到“ButclassisstillapowerfulforceinAmerican

life.”，由此可知美国还没有实现“无阶级”，因此B项错误。

8.D文章第五段第一句提到“Mobilityisthepromisethatliesattheheartof

theAmericandream.”，流动性是美国梦的中心；第八段提到“Americans

arearguablymorelikelythantheywere30yearsagotoendupintheclass

intowhichtheywereborn.”；文中提到“流动性似乎已经停滞”，矛盾逐渐

加大，由此可推断美国梦的实现变得更困难。故A、B、C三项正确。文

中没有说到“美国人放弃了美国梦”，故D项错误。

9.A文章第六段对潮流进行了解释：阶级景象的模糊化与同时出现的特

定阶级分割线的加强；生活水平的提高与大多数人依旧停留在与他们相

关的地方的情况。这些情况形成了对比，由此可知“contradictory”即表

示这个意思。conflicting意为“矛盾的”，最符合题意。故选A。

10.D文章倒数第四段提到在美国精英教育中，“Merithasreplacedthe

oldsystemofinheritedprivilege,inwhichparentstothemannerbornhanded

downthemanortotheirchildren.”；倒数第三段提到父母的这些做法都属

于“aquietcontestamongsocialgroupsthattheaffluentandeducatedare

winninginarout.”。由此可推断，只有富裕的、受过教育的社会群体才

能成功。故选D。

Section2Answeringquestions(20’)

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETE

SENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.Useonly

informationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouransweron

youranswersheet.

Questions1~3

Hesleepsthedayaway,andisirritablewhenhe’sawake.She’smoodyand

mopesaround.Hecatseverythingoralmostnothing.Shehidesinherroom,

shunningeventhesimplestchores.Doesthissoundlikeateenageryou

know?

Neuroscientistssuspecttheadolescentbrainiswiredforemotionalturbulence

andretreatfromthefamily.Thesetendenciesmayhelpteenagersseparate

fromtheirparentsandreachouttopeers.Butthosesametendenciescan

makeithardtotellwhentheworkofgrowingupisturningintoadepression

thatdeservestreatment.Roughlyoneoutof12teenssufferssignificant

depressionbeforetheageof18.Girls,oncetheyreachpuberty,aretwiceas

likelyasboystobecomedepressed.Approximatelyhalfoftheteenagerswith

untreateddepressionmayattemptsuicide,whichremainsthethirdleading

causeofdeathinthisagegroup.

Importantdifferencesseparatethegrowingpainsofadolescencefrom

depression.Apainfulbreakup,arejectionbypeers,abadgradeora

humiliatingdisagreementwithanadultmaycauseunhappinessorfrustration

forafewdays.Depressiondominateslifeforweeksormonths,andmay

appearfornoknownreason.Depressedkidswhomaybebiologicallymore

vulnerablethanotherstoenvironmentalstressfeelalmostconstantly

miserableandenjoyverylittle.Butdepressionisn’talwaysexpressedas

sadness.Theteenmaybeirritable,orcomplainofheadachesorstomach

painsinsteadofdescribingabadmood.Energy,sleepandappetitemay

suffer.Somedepressedkidsfunctionpoorlyatschoolorwithdrawfrom

friendsandfamily.Andwhileitisnormalforadolescentstothinkabout

mortalityandthemeaningoflife,it’snotnormaltobepreoccupiedwith

deathortoseriouslycontemplatesuicide.

Antidepressantsareneitherpanaceanorpoison,buttheydohelpmanykids.

Theworriesaboutthesedrugsarefamous.Rightafterstartingan

antidepressant,somekidsdobecomemoreanxiousorrestless,andafewmay

haveanincreaseinsuicidalthoughts.Butdepressionitselfcarriesgreater

risks,itismuchmorelikelytocausesuicide,anditcanthwarthealthy

development.Anyteenstartinganti-depressanttherapyshouldbeseen

regularlybytheprescribingdoctor,andthefamilyshouldcallimmediatelyif

thechildgetsworseinsteadofbetter.

Medicationsareonlypartofgoodtreatment,though.Themeasuresthat

promotehealthyadolescentgrowthalsoarehelpfulfordepression.Moderate

aerobicexerciserelieveddepressivesymptomsinalmosthalfofyoungadults

inonerecentstudy.Goodsleepingandeatinghabits,whilesometimesa

toughselltoadolescents,canalsoimprovemood.Psychotherapycanhelp

teensfigureoutwhatmakesthemfeelhelplessorself-criticalanddevelop

strategiestoputthingsright.Andwhenadolescentslatchontoanactivity

theyvaluethatalsohelpsothers,theirmoodimproves,andsodoestheir

senseofself.Imagingstudiesconfirmthataltruisticbehaviorlightsupthe

brain’srewardareas.

Thefuturemaybringbetterantidepressants,alongwithbettertoolsfor

identifyingwhichmedicationsarebestsuitedtowhichchild.Butit’salready

possibleforteenstolearntosustainrelationships,toturnbackthoughtsthat

spurdepressionandtocontributetocauseslargerthanthemselves.By

supportingtheminthesequests,wecaneasethetransitionoutofchildhood,

andhelpthembuildmorefulfillinglivesasadults.

1.Whatcommonsymptomsdoesdepressionhaveandwhatserious

consequencescanitleadto?

2.Whatmeasuresarehelpfulfordepression?

3.Whatcanbeexpectedofthefutureinthetreatmentofdepression?

【答案与解析】

1.Thecommonsymptomsincludesadness,irritation,headachesandstomach

painsandsoon.Depressionmayleadtothesufferingofenergy,sleepand

appetite,thepoorfunctionatschool,withdrawfromfriendsandfamilyand

evensuicide.

（文章第三段提到了抑郁症的症状以及可能带来的严重后果：症状不一

定只是悲伤，还包括易怒、头疼、胃痛等。抑郁症可能会导致无精打

采、睡眠质量差、没有胃口，在学校表现不好，拒绝和朋友家人交流，

甚至自杀。）

2.Antidepressants,moderateaerobicexercise,goodsleepingandeating

habits,psychotherapyandaltruisticbehaviors.

（文章倒数第三段主要说明抗抑郁药的作用；倒数第二段提到抗抑郁药

不是唯一的方法，还有其他的方式：适度有氧运动、良好的吃饭睡眠习

惯、心理疗法及利他性行为都可以帮助治疗抑郁症。）

3.Thefuturemaybringbetterantidepressantsalongwithbettertoolsfor

identifyingwhichmedicationsarebestsuitedtowhichchild.

（文章最后一段第一句提到，未来可能会有更好的抗抑郁剂，以及更好

的工具，用来针对特定的孩子确定最适合的药物。）

Questions4~5

QUNU,SouthAfrica(AP)-NelsonMandelasatbeaminginayellow

armchair,hislegsproppeduponalargestoolandcoveredwithapaleyellow

blanket.Tengrandchildrencrowdedaroundtoserenadehimwith“Happy

Birthday”andthensmotheredhimwithhugsandkisses.

Theanti-apartheidiconcelebratedhis90thbirthdayFridaywithhisfamilyat

hishomeinruralsoutheasternSouthAfricaandthewholevillageturnedout.

Eldersintraditionaldresscametopaytheirrespects,sheepweretruckedinto

theproperlyandatroupeofbare-breastedyoungwomensanganddancedin

preparationforMandela’slunchwith500dignitariesSaturday.

Hestillfoundtimetosettledowntoreadapileofnewspapers,tokeepup

withlocalandinternationalaffairs.

Soundingandlookingvigorous,Mandelatoldasmallgroupofreportershe

wasfortunatetohavereached90,creditinghis“behavior”forhislongevity.

Butthemanwhohasbecomeasymbolofpeaceremainstroubledbythe

demoralizingpovertystillfacedbysomanyofhiscountrymen.

“Ifyouarepoor,youarenotlikelytolivelong,”hesaid,

Hismessagewassimplethewealthymustdomore.

“TherearemanypeopleinSouthAfricawhoarerichandwhocansharethose

richeswiththosenotsofortunate,whohavenotbeenabletoconquer

poverty,”Mandelasaidduringthe10-minuteinterview,hisfirstsuch

exchangewithjournalistsinyears.

Hewasaskedifhewishedhecouldhavehadmoretimewithhisfamily

duringalifespentfightingapartheidandthenleadingSouthAfricaasitsfirst

blackpresident.

“Iamsureformanypeoplethatistheirwish,”Mandelasaid.“Ialsohavethat

wishthatIspentmoretime(withmyfamily).ButIdon’tregretit.”

Histhirdwife,GracaMachel,whomhemarried10yearsagoonhisbirthday,

saidinaTVinterviewthathewasalonelymandespitehisbusyscheduleas

aleaderwhenshemethimafewyearsafterhedivorcedWinnieMadikizela-

Mandelain1996.ShetoldAl-Jazeeratelevisionshehelpedhimreconnect

withhisfamily.

“IfIcouldsayinaverymodestway,that’swhatIwasabletogivehimback,”

Machel,anotedcampaignerforchildren’srights,saidintheinterview

broadcastFriday.“I’mhappythatinhissunsetyearsIwasabletobethere

forhim.Andheisthereforme.”

Mandelawasimprisonedfornearlythreedecadesforhisfightagainst

apartheid.Hewasreleasedin1990toleadnegotiationsthatendeddecadesof

racistwhiterule,thenwaselectedpresidentinSouthAfrica’sfirstdemocratic

electionsin1994.

Hecompletedhistermin1999anddidnotrunagain,buthascontinuedto

takealeadingroleinthefightagainstpoverty,illiteracyandAIDSinAfrica.

TukwiniMandela,33,oneofMandela’sgranddaughters,saidFridaywas“a

specialdaybecauseweareplanningahugepartyonSaturdayandweare

hopingheisgoingtoenjoyit.”

“Wehaveinvitedhisoldestfriendswhohavemeantsomethingtohimand

havemadeadifferenceinhislife.”shesaid.

WhilenotallMandela’s18grandchildrenandsixgreat-grandchildrenwere

attendingthecelebrations,manywerepresentFriday,creatingawarm

atmosphereinthehouse,decoratedwithanimalskinmatsandAfricanprints

onthewalls.

Wearingoneofhissignaturepatternedshirtsinshadesofgreen,goldand

black,Mandelaglancedpensivelyoutawindowatthestartofhisinterview

withTheAssociatedPressandafewothernewsorganizations.

“Thisismyproperty.WhenIamhere,IfeelIownsomething,”hesaidofthe

homesteadintheruralarea600milessouthofJohannesburgwhereasaboy

heherdedcattleinthehills.Hisgrandchildrenspokeoftheirpridein

Mandela,theresponsibilityofbearinghisnameandthedesiretoprotectthe

oldmanwhocouldnotbetherewhentheyweregrowingup.

“Weareextremelyproudofhisachievementsandthesacrificeshemade,”said

NandiMandela,40.“Hishumanityandhisloveforthepeople,especially

childrenhavemadehimintothisworldicon.Welovehimdearly.”

Shesaidbirthdayshavealwaysbeenspecialoccasionsforhergrandfather.

Sherecalledhow,withoutfail,shewouldreceiveagreetingcardfrom