2023届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟练习(一)(解析版)

2023年上海中学高三英语模拟练习(一)

GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

TodaytheStatueofLibertyisabelovedlandmark.It1(tower)aboveoftheharborofNewYorkandis

lovinglycaredforbytheNationalParkService.ManythousandsofvisitorswhovisitLibertyIslandeachyearmight

neversuspectthatgettingthestatue2(build)wasalongslowstruggle.Morethanacenturyago,it3(be)

thecelebrationoffreedomandthecommemorationofthefriendshipbetweenAmericaandFrancethatinspired

sculptorAugusteBartholdiandfinallyhewentforwardwithdesigningthepotentialstatueandpromotingtheideaof

buildingit.However,moneywassobigaproblem4washauntingthetwogovernmentsfromthebeginning

totheend.

DonationsfbrthebuildingofthestatuefirstbegancominginthroughoutFrancein1875.Numerouspeoplegave

donations.Acoppercompanydonatedthecoppersheetsthatwouldbeusedtofashiontheskinofthestatue.Various

donationswerehelpful,5thecostofthestatuekeptriding.6(face)withashortfallofmoney,the

French-AmericanUnionheldalottery.MerchantsinParisdonatedprizes,andticketsweresold.Thelotterywasa

success,butmoremoneywasstillneeded.ThesculptorBartholdieventuallysoldminiatureversionsofthestatue,

7thenameofthebuyerengravedonthem.Finally,inJuly1880theFrench-AmericanUnionannouncedthat

enoughmoneyhadbeenraisedtocompletethebuildingofthestatue.

WhiletheFrenchhadannouncedthatthefundsforthestatueswereinplacein1880,bylate1882theAmerican

donations,whichwouldbeneededtobuildthepedestal,weresadlylagging.ThesculptorBartholdihadtravelledto

Americain1871topromotetheideaofthestatue.DespiteBartholdi'sefforts,theideaofthestatuewasdifficult

8(sell),somenewspapers,mostnotablytheNewYorkTimes,oftencriticizedthestatueasfolly,and

vehementlyopposed9(spend)anymoneyonit.ThenewspaperpublisherJosephPulitzer,whohadpurchased

aNewYorkCitydaily,TheWorld,intheearly1880s,tookusthecauseofthestatue'spedestal.Hemountedan

energeticfunddrive,promisingtoprintthenameofeachdonor,10smallthedonation,Pulitzer^audacious

planworked,andmillionsofpeoplearoundthecountrybegandonatingwhatevertheycould.

InAugustl885,thatfinal$100,000forthestatue;spedestalhadbeenraised.Constructionworkonthestone

structurecontinued,andthenextyeartheStatueofLiberty,whichhadarrivedfromFrancepackedincrated,was

erectedontop.

【答案】1.towers

2.built3.was

4.as5.but

6.Faced7.with

8.tosell9.spending

10.however

【解析】

本文就是关于养宠物的好处，科学不能说明宠物的力气，但很多探讨都表明有了宠物的陪伴(companyof

pets),可以帮我们降低血压和复原心脏功能，并且削减我们的孤独感。宠物不仅能调整你的精神而且还能

改善你的饮食习惯。

【1题详解】

考查时态。句意：今日，自由女神像是一个受人宠爱的地标。它屹立在纽约港的上空，被国家公园管理局

亲切地照看着。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，主语是it,单数第三人称形式，此处tower(高耸)是

动词，故答案为towers。

【2题详解】

考查过去分词。句意：每年访问自由岛的成千上万的游客可能恒久不会怀疑，建立这座雕像是一场漫长而

缓慢的斗争。此处get+宾语+过去分词，Ihestatue和build之间是被动关系，是过去分词做宾语补足语，故

答案为builto

【3题详解】

考查时态。依据Morethanacenturyago,可知句子用一般过去时态，主语是it,故答案为was。

【4题详解】

考查as引导的定语从句。句意：然而，金钱是一个如此巨大的问题，就像从一起先就困扰着两国政府一样。

先行词是aproblem,指物，在后面的定语从句中做主语，此处as是关切代词，且前面有so,故答案为as。

【5题详解】

考查并列连词。句意：各种各样的捐赠都很有帮助，但雕像的成本始终在持续。前后是一种转折关系，故

答案为but。

【6题详解】

考查过去分词做状语，句意：面对资金短缺，法裔美国人工会实行了抽奖。固定搭配：befacedwith面临

着一，此处是过去分词做时间状语，故答案为Faced。

【7题详解】

考查介词。句意：雕塑家Bartholdi最终出售了雕像的迷你版，上面刻着买家的名字。withthenameof以…

的名义，故答案为with。

【8题详解】

考查动词不定式做状语。句意：尽管Bartholdi的努力，雕像的想法很难卖出去。此处句子的主语做后面动

词不定式的宾语，主动表示被动，故答案为tosell。

【9题详解】

考查固定搭配。句意：一些报纸，尤其是纽约时报，常常指责这座雕像是愚蠢的，并剧烈反对在它上面花

任何钱。opposedoingsth.反对做某事，故答案为spending。

【10题详解】

考查however引导的让步状语从句。句意：他登上了一个充溢活力的基金，承诺要打印每个捐赠者的名字，

无论捐款多么少，普利策的大胆安排奏效了，全国各地的数百万人起先捐赠他们能做的任何事情。此处

however（无论怎样），引导让步状语从句，故答案为however。

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.alertB.classifyC.commitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.impose

G.labelsH.moderationI.relieveJ.signalsK.simply

Let'ssayyou'vedecidedyouwanttoeatmorehealthfully.However,youdon'thavetimetocarefullyplan

menusfbrmealsorreadfood11atthesupermarket.Sinceyoureally12yourselftoahealthier

lifestyle,alittlehelpwouldcomeinhandy,wouldn'tit?Thisiswherea"choicearchitect'1canhelp13someof

theburdenofdoingitallyourself.Choicearchitectsarepeoplewhoorganizethecontextsinwhichcustomersmake

decisions.Forexample,thepersonwhodecidesthelayoutofyourlocalsupermarket------includingwhichshelfthe

peanutbuttergoeson,andhowtheorangesarepiledup------isachoicearchitect.

Governmentsdon'thaveto14healthierlifestylesthroughlawsforexample,smokingbans.Rather,

ifgivenanenvironmentcreatedbyachoicearchitect------onethatencouragesustochoosewhatisbest------wewill

dotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesignsthatgentlypushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,

withoutremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisideacombinesfreedomtochoosewith15hintsfromchoice

architects,whoaimtohelppeoplelivelonger,healthier,andhappierlives.

TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedaso-called"trafficlightsystem'*to16foods

ashealthyorunhealthy.Thismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsalteachproduct

contains17bvlookingatthelightsonthepackage.Agreenlight18thattheamountsofthethree

nutrientsarehealthy;yellowindicatesthatthecustomershouldbe19;andredmeansthatthefoodishighinat

leastoneofthethreenutrientsandshouldbeeatenin20.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformation,

butisstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.

【答案】1LG12.C

13.I14.F

15.E16.B

17.K18.J

19.A20.H

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍人们都希望有健康的生活方式和饮食，但是没有时间安排，这里介绍了两种

方法，一种是"choicearchitect”,还有一种是"交通灯系统"。

[11题详解】

本题考查名词搭配.由于在超市里，所以是阅读食物标签（labels）.故选G.

【12题详解】

本题考查动词短语搭配。依据所给词汇以及,,yourselftoahealthierlifestyle,只有commityourselfto（承诺

符合句意。故选C。

【13题详解】

本题考查动词用法。依据后面内容someoftheburdenofdoingitallyourself以及前面动词help可知此空应

填relieve（减轻），构成能够有助于减轻独自做这事的一些负担”。故选I。

【14题详解】

本题考查动词用法。依据句子逻辑，此句意思为“政府不必通过法律来强加（impose）更健康的生活方式，

如戒烟"。故选F。

【15题详解】

本题考查形容词用法。依据设空，本空填形容词，而alert（警觉的）不符合句意，只有gentle（文静的）

符合句意。故选E。

【16题详解】

本题考查动词短语用法。本句句意为“英国和瑞典政府引进了所谓的交通灯系统来吧食物分类为健康的或不

健康的"，短语classify,,as„表示"把,”，分类为故选B。

【17题详解】

本题考查副词用法。依据”customerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsalteachproduct

contains_7—bylookingatthelightsonthepackage（顾客们只要看包装上的指示灯一■眼就能看出每一个产品

含有多少脂肪、糖和盐）可知，此空填simply。故选K。

【18题详解】

本题考查动词用法。由于空后所接的是宾语从句，所以该空填及物动词，结合后面indicates的意思可知，

该空填signals（表示）。故选J。

【19题详解】

本题考查形容词用法。依据前面”绿灯表示三种养分的量是健康的“可知”黄灯表示三种养分的量可能有问题

”，因此消费者应当留心（alert）。故选A。

[20题详解】

本题考查名词词义。依据句子redmeansthatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethreenutrients（红灯意味着

至少三个养分中的一个是高的）可知，这样的食物应当有节制地（inmoderation）吃。故选H。

ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.Fillineach

blankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalor

politicalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,

butplainandsimple21

Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe22dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers*

behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout------andwhy;howtodeal

withdifficult23situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.

Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural24、ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalot

aboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccording

toProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,the

psychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally25issues.

Dunbar26thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocial

developmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeof

poeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.We

don'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar-27.hegoesontosay,

languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.

Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe28ofthehigherprimateslikemonkeys.Bymeansof

grooming------cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrely

forsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor29fromoutsideit.

Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar30thatatonetimein

ourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe

31itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.

Groominghelpedto32thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.

Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe

33tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore34kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguage

evolvedasakindofvocalgroomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsby

exchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one35

contact.

21.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language

22.A.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originally

23.A.socialB.politicalC.historicalD.cultural

24.A.admirersB.mastersC.usersD.wasters

25.A.vitalB.sensitiveC.idealD.difficult

26.A.confirmsB.rejectsC.outlinesD.broadens

27.A.forinstanceB.inadditionC.onthecontraryD.asaresult

28.A.motivationB.appearanceC.emotionD.behavior

29.A.attackB.contactC.inspectionD.assistance

30.A.recallsB.deniesC.concludesD.confesses

31.A.prospectB.responsibilityC.leadershipD.protection

32.A.measureB.showC.maintainD.ease

33.A.savedB.extendedC.consumedD.gained

34.A.commonB.efficientC.scientificD.thoughtful

35.A.indirectB.dailyC.physicalD.secret

【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.C

31.D32.D33.B34.B35.C

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇争论文。探讨表明人们的语言大多数不是重大的话题探讨和探讨，而很多是闲言碎语，这些闲

言碎语是不是奢侈时间呢，RobinDunbar教授不是这样认为的，他认为闲言碎语是特别重要的，是人类发

展过程中特别重要的沟通形式。

[21题详解】

考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.宣称,B.描述，C.闲谈，D.语言，依据上文的句子：可知我们人

类的大多数对话不是文化的，政治的问题，也不是关于电影和树的探讨，而就是简洁的闲言碎语，Research

hasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblems

oftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading下文多次出现

gossip这个词，所以选C。

【22题详解】

考查副词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.偶然地，B.习惯地，C.独立地，D.最初地，依据上一句，Language

isourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,语言是我们做为一个物种的最宏大的财宝,我们习惯怎么运用它？所以选

Bo

【23题详解】

考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.社交的，B.政治的，C.历史的，D.文化的，依据下文的：involving

children,lovers,andcolleagues.包括孩子，爱人和同事这些都是社会形势，所以选A.

【24题详解】

考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.仰慕者，B.主子，C.运用者，D.奢侈者，依据上文，Sowhyare

wekeenongossiping?我们为什么宠爱说些闲言碎语，因为我们是时间和语言的奢侈者吗？所以选D。

【25题详解】

考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.至关重要的，B.敏感的，C.志向的，D.困难的，依据上文的

介绍，It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.可知RobinDunbar教授不认为我们是奢侈时间，

而认为闲言碎语是最重要的事情，所以选A。

【26题详解】

考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.证明，B.反对，C.概述，略述，画轮廓，打草图D.拓宽，依据

上下文可知RobinDunbar教授是反对传统的关于语言是在人类社会发展初期在组织打猎的时候发展起来的

这个观点，所以选B。

【27题详解】

考查词组辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.例如，B.此外，C.相反的，D.因此，依据上文的句子：Insteadhe

suggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecan

talk,可知：正相反的是，语言进化是是让我们说些闲言碎语的，所以选C。

【28题详解】

考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.动机，B.外表，出现，C.情感，D.行为，依据下文的描述Bymeans

ofgrooming可知教授是通过探讨灵长类动物的行为得出这个令人兴奋的理论的，所以选D。

【29题详解】

考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.进攻，B.联系，C.视察，D.帮助，依据上文的conflict可知猴子

和其他的个体形成群体来获得在内部冲突事务中或来自外界的进攻时的支持，所以选A。

【30题详解】

考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.回想，B.否认，C.下结论，结束，D..承认，倾听（某人的）忏

悔，这句话的意思是：教授下结论说，我们在历史上做过相像的事情，所以选C。

[31题详解】

考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A..前景，期望，远眺处，景象，B.责任，C.领导，D.爱护，依据

下文的：ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.可知因为群体越

大，获得的爱护就越大，所以选D。

【32题详解】

考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.衡量，B.展示,C.保持，D.缓解，依据上文：ontheotherhand,the

biggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.群体越大，生活在一起的压力就越大，梳理毛

发可以缓解压力，让每个人都冷静下来，所以选D。

【33题详解】

考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.挽救，B.延长，延长，C.消费，消耗，D.获得，随着群体越来

越大，花在装扮上的时间就要延长来维持它的效果，所以选B。

【34题详解】

考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.常见的，普遍的，B.有效的，C.科学的，D.考虑周到的，依

据上文的effectiveness可知这里是须要一个更加有效的梳理毛发。所以选B。

【35题详解】

考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.间接的，B.日常的，C.物理的，身体的，D.隐私的，语言演

化成了有声的梳理毛发，它可以让人们通过比一对一的日常沟通更多的人群中交换信息“这样可以和更大

的群体发展关系，所以选C。

【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要依据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”

的原则来查找信息。本题第8小题，依据下文的描述Bymeansofgrooming可知教授是通过探讨灵长类动

物的行为得出这个令人兴奋的理论的，所以答案为“行为”；本题第12小题，依据上文：ontheotherhand,the

biggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.群体越大，生活在一起的压力就越大，梳理毛

发可以缓解压力，让每个人都冷静下来，可知此处是“缓解”。

SectionB（每题2分，共40分）

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

theonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

A

Theteacherwhodidthemosttoencouragemewas,asithappens,myaunt.ShewasMyrtleC.

Manigault,thewifeofmymother*sbrotherBill.Shetaughtmeinsecondgradeatall-blackSummerSchoolin

Camden,NewJersey.

Duringmychildhoodandyouth,AuntMyrtleencouragedmetodevelopeveryaspectofmypotential,without

regardforwhatwasconsideredpracticalorpossibleforblackfemales.Ilikedtosing;shelistenedtomyvoiceand

pronounceditgood.Icouldn'tdance;shetaughtmethebasicdancingsteps.Shetookmetothetheatre-notjust

children'stheatrebutadultcomediesanddramas-andherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplayswasnot

disappointed.

Myauntalsotookdownbooksfromherextensivelibraryandsharedthemwithme.Ihadbooksathome,but

theywereallseriousclassics.EvenasachildIhadastronglikingforhumour,andI'llneverforgetthejoyof

discoveringDonMarquis'sArchy&Mehitabelthroughher.

Mostimportant,perhaps,AuntMyrtleprovidedmyfirstopportunitytowriteforpublication.Awriterherself

foroneoftheblacknewspapers,shesuggestedmynametotheeditorasa"youthcolumnist'1.Mycolumn,begun

whenIwasfourteen,wassupposedtocoverteenagesocialactivities-anditdid-butitalsogavemethefreedomto

writeonmanyothersubjectsaswellasthehabitofgatheringmaterial,thedisciplineofmeetingdeadlines,and,after

graduationfromcollegesixyearslater,asolidcollectionofpublishedmaterialthatcarriedmynameandwasmy

passporttoaseriesofwritingjobs.

TodayAuntMyrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher"favouriteniece".Likeadiamond,shehasreflecteda

bright,multifaceted（多面的）imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedherpath.

36.WhichofthefollowingdidAuntMyrtledototheauthorduringherchildhoodandyouth?

A.Shelenthersomeseriousclassics.

B.Shecultivatedhertasteformusic.

C.Shediscoveredhertalentfordancing.

D.Sheintroducedhertoadultplays.

37.WhatdoesArchy&MehitabelinParagraph3probablyreferto?

A.Abookofgreatfun.

B.Awriterofhighfame.

C.Aseriousmasterpiece.

D.Aheartbreakingplay.

38.AuntMyrtlerecommendedtheauthortoanewspapereditormainlyto.

A.develophercapabilitiesforwriting

B.giveherachancetocollectmaterial

C.involveherinteenagesocialactivities

D.offerheraseriesofwritingjobs

39.WecanconcludefromthepassagethatAuntMyrtlewasateacherwho.

A.trainedpupilstobediligentandwell-disciplined

B.gavepupilsconfidenceinexploitingtheirpotential

C.emphasizedwhatwaspracticalorpossibleforpupils

D.helpedpupilsovercomedifficultiesinlearning

【答案】36.D37.A38.A39.B

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了最能激励作者的老师AuntMyrtleo她让学生们有信念发掘他们的潜

力。

【36题详解】

细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Shetookmetothetheatre-notjustchildren'stheatrebutadultcomediesand

dramas-andherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplayswasnotdisappointed.可知,在她的童年和青年时期,Aunt

Myrtle把她介绍给成人戏剧。故选D。

【37题详解】

词义指代题。依据第三段中EvenasachildIhadastronglikingforhumour,andI'llneverforgetthejoyof

discoveringDonMarquis'sArchy&Mehitabelthroughher.即使在我还是个孩子的时候，我也很宠爱幽默，我

恒久也不会遗忘通过她发觉DonMarquis'sArchy&Mehitabel的乐趣。由此可知Archy&Mehitabel指代的

是“一本特别好玩的书“，故选Ao

【38题详解】

推理推断题。依据第四段中Mostimportant,perhaps,AuntMyrtleprovidedmyfirstopportunitytowritefor

publication.Awriterherselfforoneoftheblacknewspapers,shesuggestedmynametotheeditorasa"youth

columnist”.可知，AuntMyrtle举荐作者给一位报纸编辑，主要是为了发展她的写作实力。故选A。

【39题详解】

推理推断题。依据最终一段TodayAuntMyrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher"favouriteniece".Likea

diamond,shehasreflectedabright,multifaceted（多面的）imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedher

path.可知，我们可以从这篇文章中总结出AuntMyrtle是一位老师，她让学生们有信念发掘他们的潜力。故

选B。

【点睛】做推理推断题时，要擅长抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、推断，

利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。本题第4小题，依据最终一段TodayAunt

Myrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher^favouriteniece1'.Likeadiamond,shehasreflectedabright,

multifaceted（多面的）imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedherpath.可知，我们可以从这篇文章

中总结出AumMyrlle是一位老师，她让学生们有信念发掘他们的潜力。故选B

（B）

HumpbackWhales

Humpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersoftheocean.Thisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressive

movementswhentheydive.Thename“humpback"，whichisthecommonnameforthiswhale,referstothetypical

curveshapethewhale'sbackformsasitdives.

Sometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticmovementknownasabreach.Duringbreachingthewhale

usesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsofitsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.Abreachmightalso

includeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikewings,asthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.

Ahumpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceofthewaterthroughtwoblowholeswhicharelocatednearthetop

ofthehead.ltblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanriseupto4metresabovethewater.

Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsthetailflukesabouttwo-thirdsofthewaydownits

back.Otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfins,whichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylength,and

uniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:notwoarethe

same.

Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughcomplex"songs”.

QuickFacts

14m-18minlength;

Size:

30-50tonsinweight

LivingOpenoceanandshallowcoastlinewaters

EnvironmentFromwarmtropicalwaters,wheretheybreed,tocoldpolarwaters,

wheretheyeat

Diet:Shellfish,plantsandfishofsmallsize

Sometimesingroups,inwhichseveralwhalesformacircleunderthe

Hunting:water,blowingbubblesthatforma“net"aroundaschooloffish.Thefishare

thenforceduptothesurfaceinaconcentratedmass.

Endangered:itisestimatedthatthereareabout5000-7500humpback

Currentstate:

whalesworldwide

40.AccordingtoQuickFacts,ahumpbackwhale.

A.cannotsurviveinwatersneartheshore

B.doesn'tliveinthesamewatersallthetime

C.livesmainlyonunderwaterplants

D.preferstoworkalonewhenhuntingfood

41.Tomakeabreach,ahumpbackwhalemust.

A.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewater

B.twistitsbodysidewaystojumphigh

C.blowtwostreamsofwater

D.communicatewithagroupofhumpbacks

42.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale.

A.hasitsuniquemarkingsonitstailflukes

B.hasblackandwhitefingerprints

C.getsitsnamefromthewayithunts

D.isagreatperformerduetoitssongs

【答案】40.B41.A42.A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。Humpbackwhales有时被称为海洋的表演者。文章介绍了它的生活习性。

【40题详解】

推理推断题。依据QuickFacts中Living：Openoceanandshallowcoastlinewaters可知,依据Quick

Facts,,humpbackwhale并不是始终生活在同一水域。故选B。

[41题详解】

细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Duringbreachingthewhaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsof

itsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.可知，为了打破这一缺口，humpbackwhales必需用它的尾鳍跃出水

面。故选A。

【42题详解】

推理推断题。依据第四段中uniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes可知从这篇文章中我

们可以了解到humpbackwhales在它的尾巴上有它独特的标记。故选A。

(C)

Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeoplehave

experiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualreality

device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBe

Anotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,

usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman."Asilookeddown,Isawmy

wholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureIrememberbest."

Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.The

videofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesher

arm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.

Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraising

theirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thiskindofslowsynchronised(同

步的)movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanother

person'sbody.

Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studies

haveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebiasthathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon't

lookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledthe

ImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeople

andadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinned

digitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipants*biasscoreswere

lower.Theideaisthatonceyou've”putyourselfinanother9sshoes**you'relesslikelytothinkillofthem,because

yourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.

ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult.nAttheendofbody

swapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarmsJsaysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproject.

"It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,reallyrecommendittoeveryone.H

43.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.building

B.exchanging

C.controlling

D.transplanting

44.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat.

A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperience

B.wecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodies

C.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperiment

D.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexes

45.IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladark

skinneddigitalcharacter,.

A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracism

B.theyscoredloweronthetestforracism

C.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramatically

D.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem

46.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

A.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreams

B.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperiments

C.virtualrealityhelpspromot