必修① UNIT 6 课下主题训练 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系

PAGE第1页共5页必修①UNIT6课下主题训练人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheweathermightbefreezingathome,butthatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetospendthewintertrembling.Instead,grabyourbathingsuitandsunscreenandheadtothesesunnyspotsthatofferthebestwarm­weathergetaways.SanJuan,PuertoRicoHeadtothehotcitynightlifeofSanJuan,wherethestreetsofsmartCondadobackrightontothepalmtrees.Topchefs,stylishhotels,bars,clubs,andshopsarealljuststepsawayfromthetropicalbeaches.SincePuertoRicobecameaUScommonwealth,it'soneoftheeasiestislandsintheCaribbeantovisitsinceyouwon'tneedanypasses,havetochangemoney,orevenworryaboutyourcellphoneRivieraMayaWhat'sbetterthandivingintothesaltysea?Goingintotheclearandsalt­freewatersofthenaturallimestonecenotesoftheRivieraMayaandYucatánPeninsula.Spendasunnydayexploringthesenaturalcavepoolsfilledwithcoolwaterthatspringsfromthegroundbelowandthethickpalmforeststhatsurroundthem.ThenheadbacktoFairmontMayakobaforcomfortableroomsandmodernMexicanNewOrleansNewOrleans'slivelynightlifeandlivemusicscenesmakethe“BigEasy”agreatgirls'wintergetaway.Andevenifyourcrewisn'tonetoseekouttheboozyBourbonStreetcrawl,there'splentyofamazingfoodtobediscoveredintheFrenchQuarter,plentyofshoppingandwalkingintheClearwaterIfyouwanttomeetarealmoviestarwhilealsotakinginthesun,headtotheGulfshoresofClearwater,Florida.HereyoucanmeetthestarsofDolphinTaleandDolphinTale2,WinterandHope,whoareinresidenceattheClearwaterMarine语篇解读：本文介绍了冬日出行可以去的四个地方——波多黎各圣胡安、墨西哥里维埃拉玛雅、美国新奥尔良和佛罗里达清水湾。1．WhatmakesPuertoRicoaneasytouristdestinationtovisit?A．Nopassisneeded.B．ItliesintheCaribbean.C．It'snearthetropicalbeaches.D．Manytravelservicesareoffered.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“it'soneoftheeasiestislands...sinceyouwon'tneedanypasses”可知，波多黎各之所以是一个容易游览的旅行目的地是因为那里不需要通行证，故A项正确。2．WhatcanyoudoifgoingtoRivieraMaya?A．Diveintothesaltysea.B．Enjoylivemusicscenes.C．Meetsomerealfamousactors.D．Explorenaturalcavepools.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“exploringthesenaturalcavepoolsfilledwithcoolwater”可知，D项正确。3．Whichplacewillyougotoifyouareafilmfan?A．SanJuan,PuertoRico.B．RivieraMaya,Mexico.C．NewD．Clearwater,解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Ifyouwanttomeetarealmoviestar”和“HereyoucanmeetthestarsofDolphinTaleandDolphinTale2,WinterandHope”可知，如果你是一个影迷，可以去佛罗里达清水湾，故D项正确。B(2021年1月新高考8省联考卷)Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticularclimatechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeeco­friendlylifestylechoicesthan,let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmymindalotlately:isitbettertobuyneweco­friendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letmetrytoexplain.Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimaryfootprintisameasureofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels,includinghouseholdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfootprint”group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(设备)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energy­savingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbonfootprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergy­savingmodels.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththe_footprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者一直致力于践行环保生活方式、寻找减少碳足迹的方法。对于近来一直困惑他的一个难题：是买新的环保产品还是继续使用旧的传统产品？作者通过研究和举例详细指出了不同的物品要有不同的对待方法。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy.B．Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.C．Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints.D．Howtomakeeco­friendlylifestylechoices.解析：选D主旨大意题。文章第一段提到了作者寻求环保的生活方式来减少碳足迹，由此引出碳足迹的概念。第二段中又提到作者在做了一些研究之后得出结论——不同的物品要区别对待。接下来的段落分别举例哪些产品适合用最新的节约版本，那些适合沿用老产品，故本文主要讲述了如何选择环保的生活方式，故选D。5．Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?A．Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels.B．Itismadewhenwearebuyingtheproducts.C．Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint.D．Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，第二碳足迹是对于我们所使用产品的整个生命周期(包括产品的生产和分解)的间接二氧化碳排放量的度量，由此可知，第二碳足迹虽然不是由我们直接造成的，但也算作我们的碳足迹的一部分。故选D。6．Whichofthefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?A．Usingsecond­handtextbooks.B．Usingoldandexpensivecars.C．Buyingnewbutcheapclothes.D．Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe‘secondaryfootprint’group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.”可知，像盘子、衣服和家具之类的东西属于“第二碳足迹”，这一类的东西越少越好，所以可以集中精力寻找二手货，以避免增加生产从而降低我们的碳足迹，故排除C、D选项；再根据“However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(设备)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energy­savingmodels.”可知，车辆还是用新的节能款比较好，可以降低我们的碳足迹，故排除B选项。故选A。7．“Thefootprint”underlinedinthelastsentencereferstotheCO2producedin________.A．usingtheproduct B．recyclingtheproductC．makingtheproduct D．transportingtheproduct解析：选A词义猜测题。根据文章最后一句“...andwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.”可知，那些额外的碳(排放)是否值得这个产品在到你手里之后所产生的碳足迹，也就是说在你使用产品的时候。故选A。Ⅱ.语法填空InHebeiProvinceliesavastforestcalledSaihanba.ThisgreenGreatWall,__1__atitspeakduringtheQingdynastycoveredthousandsofhectares,hadbythe1950s__2__(virtual)disappeared.ThisallowedsandtoblowintoBeijingfromthenortherndeserts.SaihanbaisacombinationofChineseandMongolian,__3__(mean)“beautifulhighlands”．UntiltheQingdynasty,itwasaroyalhuntinglandbecauseofitscoolsummerweatherandbeautifulsurroundings.However,mostoftheareahadturnedintoadesertbytheendoftheQingdynasty.Infact56yearsagotherewasonlyonetreeleft.Butwithoutthattree,there__4__(be)nomiracleofSaihanbatoday.Intheearly1960s,over350foresters__5__(send)tothisareatofightthedesert.Theywererequired__6__(rebuild)theforestinSaihanba.Fewpeople,includingtheforestersthemselves,believedtheywouldsucceed.Theirdoubtdisappeared,however,whentheyfoundthe200­year­oldtree,swayingalonein__7__wind.Ifonetreecouldsurvivehere,__8__couldmillionsoftrees,theythought.Afterdecadesofhardwork,threegenerationsoftheforestershaverestoredalmost80%oftheoriginalSaihanbaforest.Recently,theywereawardedthe__9__(high)environmentalhonorfromtheUnitedNationsfortheirgreat__10__(contribute)tocreatingagreenerworld.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塞罕坝的相关情况。塞罕坝曾是一片巨大的森林，但由于保护不当变成了沙漠。20世纪60年代以来，人们通过努力使塞罕又恢复了生机。1．which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ThisgreenGreatWall，空处在从句中作主语，故填which。2．virtually考查副词。空处修饰后面的动词disappeared，故填副词virtually。3．meaning考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，且mean与其逻辑主语之间构成主谓关系，故填现在分词meaning。4．wouldbe考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构可知，该句是含蓄条件句，要用虚拟语气。根据该句中的“today”可知，此处表示与现在的事实相反，故填wouldbe。5．weresent考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语Intheearly1960s可知，应用一般过去时，且foresters与send之间是被动关系，故填weresent。6．torebuild考查非谓语动词。sb.berequiredtodosth.意为“某人被要求去做某事”为固定句型。7．the考查冠词。该处表示这棵有200年历史的树独自在风中摇曳，inthewind“在风中”，为固定用法。8．so考查倒装句。如果一棵树在这里能存活，那么数百万棵树也能在这里存活。这里表示后面发生的情况与前面的一样，前面是肯定句，故后面用“so＋could＋主语”结构，故填so。9．highest考查形容词的最高级。根