选择性必修② UNIT 5 课下主题训练 人与环境、人与动植物

PAGE第1页共6页选择性必修②UNIT5课下主题训练人与环境、人与动植物Ⅰ.阅读理解Thailand'scapitalBangkokisbothattractiveandwonderful,acityofglasstowersandconcretebuildingscrowdedwithnearly10millionpeople.Thegroundbeneathisspongy(松软多孔的)andmoist.Imagineabrickrestingontopofabirthdaycake.That'sBangkok—andit'ssinkingintotheEarthatanalarmingrate.Thailand'sdisasterspecialistshavebeenwarningofthiscomingdisasterforyears.Oneexperthassaidhe'sworriedaboutBangkokresemblingAtlantis.AnotherpreviouslytoldGlobalpostthatthecitywillbeunderfivefeetofwaterby2030.ThelatestestimatessuggestthatBangkokisnowsinkingasfastastwocentimetersperyearinpartsofthecity.Thepredictionsfor2100areevenmoreterrible.Bythen,Bangkokwillbefullysubmergedandunlivable.Likeglobalwarming,whichwillacceleratethecity'ssubmersionbyraisingthesealevel,Bangkok'ssinkingproblemsarerepeatedly_shrugged_off.Butthemonsoonseason,currentlyunderway,tendstobringthiscrisistomind.AnastystormcansuddenlyturnBangkok'sstreetsintogushingstreams.Sewersoverflow,taxismovethroughdirtywaterand,occasionally,kidscanpickupdisplacedfish.AnondSnidvongs,directoroftheSoutheastAsiaRegionalResearchCenter,predictsthecity'soutskirtswillbethefirsttogo.PartsoftheshorelineebyongBangkokarealreadyliendwithpumpsthatmakenoisesandhelptotransforminvadingseawater.Theydon'talwayswork.Duringheavyrains,saltwaterflowsinthestreetsofthecity.Bangkokisswallowedupalittlemoreeachday.Expertstendtooffertwosolutions.Thefirstistoputupamassiveseawallthatcouldcostnearly$3billion—nearly1percentofThailand'scurrentGDP.Thesecondoptionistogiveupentirelyandmovethecapitaltohigherground.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了曼谷以惊人的速度下沉，在慢慢消失。1．WhyisBangkoksinkingintotheearth?A．Itsbuildingsaretooheavy.B．Ithasanoverlargepopulation.C．Itsundergroundistooloose.D．Itisrestingontopofalake.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Thegroundbeneathisspongy(松软多孔的)andmoist.”可知，下面的土松软多孔、潮湿。故选C。2．Whatisthemostlikelymeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“shruggedoff”inParagraph3?A．ignored B．valuedC．agreed D．misunderstood解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句的前半句可知，地球变暖，这将提高海平面加速城市下沉；再根据画线部分前面的repeatedly(重复地)可知，Bangkok的下沉问题被忽视。故选A。3．WhatinformationdoesParagraph4express?A．Theoptimismandwisdomshownbythecitypeople.B．ThepresentserioussituationBangkokisfacedwith.C．Theweaknessofthepumpstotransformwater.D．Thehugepowerproducedbythesurroundingseawater.解析：选B段落大意题。本段首先介绍了AnondSnidvongs的预测，认为曼谷郊区将首先被放弃。虽然海岸线地区安装了水泵，但效果有限。在大雨期间，街道上都是海水。由此可推知本段主要说明了曼谷正在面临的危险处境。4．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．BangkokisdisappearingB．TheremovalofBangkokC．Thailand'scapitalneedsaseawallD．Anattractivecityunderwater解析：选A标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句“That'sBangkok—andit'ssinkingintotheEarthatanalarmingrate.”再根据最后一段第一句“Bangkokisswallowedupalittlemoreeachday.”可判断本文主要讲的是曼谷下沉的情况，故选A。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Protectingtheenvironmentisreallychallenging,buttherearemeasuresthatyoucantaketohelppreservethenaturalworld.Participateinabeachorriverclean­up.Whenpeoplelitter,theirtrashoftenmakesitswaytoourlocalwaterways,destroyingthenaturalhomesofbirds,fishandothercreaturesinwater.__1__Plantnativetreesandshrubs.__2__Onceestablished,littleornoirrigationshouldbeneededformostwell­placednativeplants.Byplantingtreesandshrubsthatarenativetoyourarea,you'llbeworkingwiththelocalecosystemratherthanagainstit.Checkwithyourlocalnursery,orwithyourstate'scooperativeextensionagency,tolearnmoreabouttheparticularvarietiesofnativeplantsthatmightgrowwellinyourarea.__3__Conserveenergyinyourhomebyprovidingweatherstrippingandcaulkingallwindows,insulatingyourceilingsandfloors.Purchaseappliancesthatareenergy­efficient;lookforthe“EnergyStar”designation.Raiseawarenessofthreatstonature.Makesureyousharenewsaboutthethreatstotheenvironment,bothinsideandoutsideyourcommunity.Followsocialmediacampaigns,andsharetheirposts.Considerjoininginralliesandprotestmarchesifyou'reable.__4__Eatloweronthefoodchain.Thismeanseatlessbeef(highonthefoodchain)andmorerootvegetables,andfruits.Smallerfish,beingloweronthefoodchain,areusuallybetterthanlargerfish.__5__Shiftingtoamoreplant­basedstyleofeatingwillslowthedeforestationthatmeatproductionrequires.A．Reducethecarbonfootprintofyourhome.B．Trytobuyfromlocalgrowerswheneverpossible.C．Plant­basedfoodsrequirelessenergytoproduce.D．Plantingnativeplantshelpswithwaterconservation.E．Considerjoininginbeachorriversideclean­upevents.F．Writeletterstolocalnewspapersandcommunityblogs.G．Helpoutbyorganizingtheclean­upnearyourschoolduringholidays.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些保护环境的具体举措，包括参与海滩或河流的清理工作，种植当地植物，在家中节能等。1．选E根据上文中的“Participateinabeachorriverclean­up.”可推知，本段呼吁读者参与海滩或河流的清理工作，故选E。2．选D根据空前一句“Plantnativetreesandshrubs.”，并根据空后一句可推知，种植当地植物有助于节约水资源，故选D。3．选A根据该段中的“Conserveenergyinyourhome...Purchaseappliancesthatareenergy­efficient;lookforthe‘EnergyStar’designation.”可推知，本段主要讲的是在家中节能，从而减少碳排放，故选A。4．选F根据上文中的“Makesureyousharenews...Followsocialmediacampaigns,andsharetheirposts.”，并结合选项可推知，选项F符合语境。5．选C根据空后一句“Shiftingtoamoreplant­basedstyleofeatingwillslowthedeforestationthatmeatproductionrequires.”，并与本文的主题环保形成呼应可推知，植物类的食物消耗能量较少，故选C。Ⅲ.完形填空Haveyouevernoticedhowthewayyoufeelaboutyourselfsometimesdependsonwhetherornotyougetconfirmationofyourvaluefromothers?Ihave__1__alotaboutnurturingapositiveidentityofloveandappreciationfromthemanwhotaughtmetotraindogs.First,hestartedoutby__2__hisdogswithloveandrespect,andbyshowingthemaninfiniteamountof__3__astheywerelearning.Then,the__4__thinghedidwasatruestrokeofgenius.Hewouldcutasmallpieceof__5__foreachdog.Hewouldplaceitinthedog'ssleepingarea,forhimto__6__eachnight.Hewouldalsotakethiscarpetduringthe___7__andsetitdowninvariouslocations,andsitthedogonthecarpet,ashe__8__thedogforbeinggood.Next,Frankwouldteachthedogto__9__thecarpethimself,andcarryitto__10__theyweregoing.Thedogwouldthensetthecarpetdownwhenthey__11__，withFrankallofthetimepraisinghim.NowFranksaid,“Thedogbeginstofeelthathetruly__12__ineveryplacehetravelsto,andnomatterwherehegoes,he__13__myloveandappreciation.”Ifthisstrategy__14__sobrilliantlywithdogs,woulditnotworkjust__15__withhumanbeings?语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。本文主要介绍弗兰克对狗的训练策略，以及将这些策略运用到生活中，对生活有很多的帮助。1．A.learned B．accumulatedC．improved D．distinguished解析：选A从那个教我训练狗的人那里，我学到了很多关于培养爱和欣赏的积极认同感的知识。结合句意可知，此处是指作者从别人那儿学到了(learn)知识。2．A.pleasing B．treatingC．surrounding D．chasing解析：选B首先，他以爱和尊重对待(treat)他的狗。3．A.sympathy B．comfortC．patience D．honour解析：选C在它们学习的过程中向它们展示无限的耐心(patience)。结合语境和生活常识可知，训练狗需要耐心。4．A.first B．lastC．next D．least解析：选C接下来他做的事是一个真正的天才之举。根据上文的First可知C项“接下来”(next)符合语境。5．A.cloth B．meatC．area D．carpet解析：选D他将为每只狗剪一块小毯子。根据下文的“sitthedogonthecarpet”可知D项“毯子”(carpet)符合文意。6．A.lieon B．hideinC．standbeside D．playwith解析：选A他会把它放在狗的睡觉区域，每晚让狗躺在上面。结合上下文可知，此处是指让狗躺在毯子上睡觉，lieon“躺在……上”；hidein“隐藏在……里”；standbeside“站在……旁”；playwith“和……一起玩”。7．A.morning B．afternoonC．evening D．day解析：选D根据上文的“forhimto_________eachnight”可知狗晚上睡在毯子上，故推测白天(day)他会把毯子放在不同的地方。8．A.blamed B．encouragedC．praised D．accompanied解析：选C在白天期间他也会把毯子放在不同的地方，让狗坐在毯子上，做得好他会表扬(praise)它。根据下文的“forbeinggood”可知C项“表扬”符合语境。9．A.carrywith B．careforC．cutup D．pickup解析：选D根据下文的“and