必修3 Unit 7 课下主题训练 自然环境、自然遗产保护

PAGE第8页共11页课下主题训练自然环境、自然遗产保护课时练(一)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①forbid □ ②terrifying □③completely □ ④disappear □⑤disaster □ ⑥punish □⑦increase □ ⑧damage □⑨arouse □ ⑩freezing □⑪awareness □ ⑫sharply □⑬appeal □ ⑭vital □⑮advocate □ ⑯eventually □⑰scientifically □ ⑱precious □⑲substitute □ ⑳threaten □(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)eq\x(disappear，damage，increase，punish，disaster，arouse，threaten，advocate)1．Iconsideritnecessaryforthegovernmenttoarousepublicawarenessofprotectingenvironment.2．Itisassumedthatglobalwarmingandclimatechangecouldcauseevenmoredisastersinthefuture.3．Thosewhodestroytheenvironmentintentionallyshouldbeseverelypunished.4．Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeathsarisingfromthoseaccidentshasincreasedoverthepastyear.5．Afterthetyphoon,nearlyallthewaterandelectricitysuppliesaredamagedorevendestroyed.6．Unluckily,rainforestsaredisappearingatarateof80acresperminute!Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Thenumberofthepeople,whohaveaccesstotheirowncars,hasrisensharply(sharp)inthepastdecade.2．Heappealedtootherfilmstarstodonateforthepoorarea.3．Itisimportantthatstudentsdevelopanawareness(aware)ofhowtheInternetcanbeused.4．Ifwearetomakeadifferenceinlife,it'svitalthatwe(should)_begin(begin)withsmallthings.5．Whentheiceisheatedabovefreezing(freeze)point,itbeginstochangeintoaliquidstate.6．Eventually(eventual)yourchildwillleavehometoleadhis/herownlifeasafullyindependentadult.Ⅲ.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1．Somepeoplemayarguethattrafficlightsarenotarrangedscientifically,sothattheyhavetowaittoolongbeforetheycancrosstheroad.科学地2．IwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgiveussomepreciousadviceonhowtoimproveouronlineEnglishschool.宝贵的3．Generallyspeaking,moreandmorepeopleareadvocating“low­carbon”lifestyle.提倡4．Inaformalfootballmatch,eachteamhasthreeplayerstosubstitutetheirteammateswhennecessary.代替5．Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife,butmayalsothreatenpeople'slives.威胁Ⅳ.用本单元词汇替换加蓝词1．Soourgovernmentshouldmakelawstoforbidtheuseofplasticbagsindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.ban2．Iwaswarnedtowatchoutfortheterrifyingdog.frightening3．Hedidnotrealizehismistakesuntiltheplanwasruinedcompletely.altogether二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解AAsfarbackastheageofdinosaursmillionsofyearsago,turtles(海龟)wanderedaroundtheEarth.Evennowadaysitisgenerallyassumedthatturtlesaretheworld'ssteadiestcreature.However,anewresearchshows61percentofthe356speciesofturtlesarealreadythreatenedornolongerexist.Thedestructionoftheirhomes,disease,climatechangeandotherreasonshavecausedtheirpopulationtodropsharply.InanewstudypublishedinthejournalBioScience,ateamofscientistsfromvariousinstitutionsclaimthatturtlesareoneofthemostthreatenedamongthemajorvertebrate(脊椎动物)groups.Thiscould,theauthorssay,haveseriousconsequencesfortheecology.Turtlescontributetothehealthofmanyenvironments,includingdesert,wetland,freshwaterandmarineecosystems,andthedeclinemayleadtobadeffectsonotherspecies,includinghumans,theyexplain.WhitGibbons,seniorauthorandprofessorattheUniversityofGeorgia'sSavannahRiverEcologyLaboratory,saysinastatementthattheintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles.Oneoftheimportantqualitiesofturtlesishowdiversetheyarewhenitcomestofood.Thisallowsthemtohaveamajorimpactonfoodwebsoftheirhomesallovertheworld.Insomeareas,thedensity(密度)oftheturtlepopulationmakesthemanimportantpartoftheecosystem.Withtheirgathering,otherspeciesthatfeedonthemandtheireggsaresuretohavealargepooloffood.Forplants,turtlesarealsoextremelyimportantastheydistributetheseedsofmanyplantspecies.Whentheyeat,someseedsarenotdestroyedbythedigestiveprocessandinsteadmaketheirwayoutoftheanimals'body.Someturtlesarethemaindispersal(传播)agentsofcertainplantsandtheirseeds.Theseareonlyafewyetveryvitalrolesthatturtlesplayintheecologicallandscape.Unfortunately,manyspeciesareinseriousdeclineandindangerofdisappearingcompletely.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了海龟的数量急剧下降，这对生态系统有不利影响。1．Whatdoesthenewstudyaimtodo?A．Tosavethegrandvertebrategroupsonearth.B．Towarnpeopleofturtles'terriblesituation.C．Tomaketheimportanceofturtles'rolesknown.D．Toclaimturtlesmayberelatedtodinosaurs.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的“theintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles”可知，这个研究的目的是让人们了解海龟在生态系统中的重要作用。故选C。2．Howmightthedisappearanceofturtlesinfluencecertainplants?A．Speeduptheseplants'disappearing.B．Putanendtotheseplants'seedspreading.C．Allowmoreseedstogrowintoplants.D．Givetheseplantsnochanceofsurvival.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第五段中的“theydistributetheseedsofmanyplantspecies”可知，海龟是很多植物种类的传播媒介。由此可推知，海龟的消失也可能加速这些植物的灭绝。故选A。3．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TurtlesAreSuretoStopExistingB．TheEcologyWillChangewithTurtlesC．DeclineofTurtlesThreatenstheWorldD．Turtles'DyingOutWorldwideMattersaLot解析：选D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了目前海龟数量大范围减少的状况以及海龟的存在对生态系统的重要作用，故选D。BIt'sthoughtthataround5trillionpiecesofplasticarecurrentlyfloatinginouroceans.Bothmammalsandfishbenefitfromcleanoceans.Itisreportedthatmorethan8milliontonsofplasticendupinouroceanseveryyear,andnearlyhalfoftheplasticweproduceissingle­useonly.Thisshoebrand,however,isridingthewaveofchangeandisonamissiontohelpcleanupourwatersandridtheseaofplasticbottlesthatcantakeupto400yearstobreakdown.Vivobarefoot'snewestfootwearusesrecycledplasticmaterialsandhascreatedaneducationprogramthatspreadsawarenessabouthowharmfulplasticisforsealife.Everypairofshoesismadeupof17plasticwaterbottlestakenfromtheoceanandturnedintoasustainable,comfortablepairofshoes,whicharealsohealthyforyourfeet.Andwhilenoteveryonecantakepartinoceancleanups,choosinglittlewayswecangivebacktoourplanetgoesalongway.Vivobarefoot'snewproductsincludeavarietyofhigh­performancestylessuchascasualsneakers,runningshoes,andhikingboots.Thebrandhopesthatitslatestinitiative(首创精神)willhelplessentheindifferencetopollutionandhowharmfulitisforalllivingbeings.Inthefuture,Vivobarefoothopestoincreasetheirproductionofshoescreatedfromsustainablematerials,andthankfully,theyarenowoneofmanybrandsthataimtoincreaseenvironmentalismandeducatecommunitiesonhowglobalwarmingaffectseveryone.Thisyear,they'lladdmorerecyclableandtraceablematerialsintomorethanhalfoftheirproductionline,andtheyhaveplentyofcreativedevelopmentsintheworksaswell.Theshoesalsohaveahealthbenefit.Basedontheconceptthatwider,minimallydesignedshoesenableourfoottofunctionatmaximumpotential,wearersalsoexperiencebetterbalanceandsensoryinput.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Vivobarefoot公司推出了使用可回收的塑料材料制作的最新鞋款，并创建了一个教育计划，让人们了解塑料对海洋生物的危害。4．Howdoestheauthormakehispointconvincing?A．Bylistingfigures. B．Bytellingastory.C．Bygivingexamples. D．Bymakingcomparisons.解析：选A写作手法题。文章中作者使用了“around5trillionpiecesofplastic”；“morethan8milliontonsofplastic”；“upto400yearstobreakdown”等数据，由此可知，作者通过列举一系列的数据来阐述事实。故选A。5．WhatisVivobarefootdoingtohelpwiththemarinecreatures?A．Donatingmoneytobuyfoodforthem.B．Keepingtheoceansfreefromplasticbottles.C．Producingmoreshoesfromsustainablematerials.D．Raisingpublicawarenessofrecyclingandreuse.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，Vivobarefoot公司生产的鞋是由从海洋中取出的塑料水瓶制成的，它在一定程度上有助于清理海洋里的塑料瓶。由此可推知，Vivobarefoot通过清理海洋里的塑料瓶来帮助海洋生物。故选B。6．WhatisprobablyVivobarefoot'soperationphilosophy?A．Customer­focused.B．Service­oriented.C．Money­saving.D．Environmentally­friendly.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知，Vivobarefoot的经营理念以环保为主。故选D。7．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Vivobarefoot'snewproductshaven'tbeenreleased.B．Vivobarefootisthemostpopularshoebrandintheworld.C．Vivobarefootcaresaboutnotonlyitsbusinessbutalsopublicservices.D．Vivobarefootisthefirstcompanytofindthenewfunctionofwastematerials.解析：选C细节理解题。根据常理可知，Vivobarefoot推出新款鞋子肯定是为了增加利润；再根据第三段第二句可知，Vivobarefoot同时还关心公共服务。故选C。Ⅱ.语法填空OnMay18,itwasannouncedthatChinahadachievedsuccessindrillingforfireice,a__1__(froze)mixofwaterandnaturalgas,fromtheSouthChinaSea.__2__(official)knownasmethanehydrate(甲烷水合物),fireiceproducesahighamountofenergywhen__3__(burn)anditschemicalreactionproducesnothingbutcarbondioxideandwater.Fireice,bothcleanandenergy­intensive,__4__(consider)thefuelofthefuture.Manycountries,includingtheUnitedStatesandJapan,havelongbeenconductingresearchonfireice,butextracting(提取)itfromthebottomoftheseahasbeenacommonproblem__5__(trouble)allofthem.However,theChineseteamsucceededindrillingforfireiceinnearlyeightsuccessivedays,__6__isabigbreakthrough.However,itistooearly__7__(say)anewenergysourcehasbeenfound.Theworld'stotalfireicereserveisabout21,000trillioncubicmeters,which,ifextracted,couldmeettheworld'senergyneed__8__1,000years.Butthesuccessfultestdrillingoffireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor__9__(industry)use.Chinahastosolvemanyproblemsbeforeitcanusefireiceasasourceofenergy.It'sthoughtthatonlyby2025at__10__earliestmightpeoplebeabletoseerealisticcommercialoptions.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在钻探海底可燃冰方面取得了重大突破。1．frozen考查形容词。根据空前的“a”和空后的“mix”可知，此处应用froze的形容词形式frozen，表示“冷冻的”，故填frozen。2．Officially考查副词。known为非谓语动词，应用副词修饰，故填Officially。3．burned/burnt考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为when引导的状语从句的省略形式，且burn与其逻辑主语fireice之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填burned或burnt。4．isconsidered考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句主语Fireice为单数，与consider之间为被动关系，再根据全文时态可知，应用一般现在时。故填isconsidered。5．troubling考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，_______allofthem应为定语，修饰problem，两者之间为逻辑上的主动关系。故填troubling。6．which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。故填which。7．tosay考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填tosay。8．for考查介词。句意：全世界的可燃冰总储备量大约为21000万亿立方米，如果被开采，能满足全世界1000年的能源需求。根据句意可知，此处应用“for＋一段时间”表示“达，计(表示动作或情况持续的时间)”。故填for。9．industrial考查形容词。空后的use为名词，作for的宾语，所以应用形容词修饰名词。故填industrial。10．the考查冠词。the修饰形容词最高级，attheearliest意为“最早”。故填the。课时练(二)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①harmony □ ②beneficial □③contribution □ ④protect □⑤development □ ⑥terrified □⑦drought □ ⑧destruction □⑨conservation □ ⑩emission □⑪hurricane □ ⑫radiation □⑬shortage □ ⑭properly □⑮reserve □ ⑯balance □⑰situation □ ⑱resource □⑲recycle □ ⑳surroundings □(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)surroundings,reserve,protect,balance,situation,resource,development,recycle1.ChangbaishanisChina'slargestnaturereserveandishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.2．Youareworkingtoohard.You'dbetterkeepabalancebetweenworkandrelaxation.3．Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.4．Onlyinthiswaycanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.5．I'mwritingtosharemyopinionsabouttryingtosavebothfornaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.6．We'dbetterrecyclethewastewater,paperandotherwastesothatwecanreusethem.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Everyoneshouldmakecontributions(contribute)toprotectingtheenvironment.2．Ifnotdealtwithproperly(proper),wastebatterieswillseriouslypollutetheundergroundwater.3．Withthedevelopment(develop)ofsociety,computersareplayinganimportantroleinmanyaspectsofourlife.4．Recently,peopleareterrified(terrify)oftalkingaboutoneword—“haze”．5．Alawhasbeenpassedtoprotectendangeredwildlifefromdyingout.6．Thedrought(dry)inthesouthwestofChinahaslastedforseveralmonths,whichmakespeoplefacewatershortage.7．Exerciseisbeneficial(benefit)toourhealthandwe'dbetterhaveourselvesrunningforhalfanhoureveryday.8．Iholdthefirmbeliefthatonlywheneverybodymakesaneffortcanoursocietybewarmerandmoreharmonious(harmony)．Ⅲ.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1．Itisobviousthatdestructionoftheenvironmentisoneofthemostseriouschallengesweface.破坏2．Ibasicallytrytodoconservationworktohelpbirdsgetprotectedthroughouttheworld.保护3．Largequantitiesoflawshavebeenmadetoreducethecarbonemission.排放4．Whatmanmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.辐射；放射(物)5．Thegoodnewsisthatweareawareoftheimportanceoffreshwateranditsshortagewearefacing.短缺6．Aftertheterriblehurricane,thewholehousewasdestroyedentirely.飓风二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解Whenhumansmakefriends,weoftenchoosecompanionswhosharesimilarcharacteristicstousorenjoyparticipatinginthesameactivitiesthatweenjoy.Interestingly,itturnsoutthatdolphins(海豚)maynotbesodifferent,accordingtoastudywhichfoundthattheanimalsformstrongsocialtieswiththosewhohavesimilarinterests.Insomeways,thismaynotbesurprising,ifweknowdolphinsliveingroupscharacterizedbycomplexsocialactivities.However,thelatestfindingsareyetanotherpowerfulexampleoftheintelligencethatthesecreaturespossess.Forthestudy,aninternationalteamofscientistsstudiedauniquegroupofbottlenosedolphins,wholiveintheWorldHeritageareaofSharkBay,WesternAustralia.Theyareparticularlyinterestingbecausethefemalesareknowntouseseasponges(海绵动物)asforaging(觅食)tools,abehaviorthathasn'tbeenperceivedanywhereelse.Thebehaviorknownas“sponging”helpsthedolphinstofindfoodindeeperwatersandissocially­learned,beingpasseddownfrommothertobaby.Previousstudieshaveshownthatfemalesinthisgroupwhouseseaspongestofindfoodoftenliketohangoutwithotherfemaleswhodothesame.However,studiesofthisbehaviorinmalesarelacking,leavingagap(空白)inourknowledge.Totryandaddressthisgap,theresearcherscollecteddataon124maledolphinsinSharkBayoveran8­yearperiodbetween2007and2015.Amongthesedolphins,somehadthespongingbehavior,whileothersdidnot.Afteranalyzingtheirdata,theteamcametotheconclusionthatthosemaleswhousedspongesforforagingassociatedsignificantlymoreoftenwithother“spongers”nomatterhowrelatedtheyweretotheircompanions.Interestingly,malespongersspentsignificantlymoretimeforagingandlesstimerestingthannon­spongers.Accordingtotheleadauthorofthestudy,ManuelaBizzozzero,thefindingscastnewlightonthesocialtiesbetweenmaledolphinsatShark语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究发现，雌性宽吻海豚会用海绵体作为觅食工具，这种行为在其他任何地方都没有被发现。1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Dolphinsarehumans'bestfriends.B．Dolphinsmakefriendslikehumans.C．Dolphinscanunderstandhumans'emotions.D．Dolphinsconfusehumanswiththeirlifestyles.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，海豚与那些有着相似兴趣的海豚形成了牢固的社会关系。由此可知，海豚和人类一样交朋友。故选B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perceived”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Influenced. B．Prevented.C．Observed. D．Accepted.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句及后文“anywhereelse”可知，雌性海豚会用海绵体作为觅食工具，这种行为在其他任何地方都没有被发现。故画线单词意思为“观察，发现”。故选C。3．WhydoestheauthormentionpreviousstudiesinParagraph3?A．Toexplaintheintentionofthelateststudies.B．Topresenttheirachievementsindolphinresearch.C．Tostressthatdolphinshavethesocially­learnedbehavior.D．Toshowhowfemaledolphinsuseseaspongestofindfood.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，对雄性这种行为的研究还很缺乏。为了解决这个问题，研究人员收集了2007年至2015年8年间鲨鱼湾124只雄性海豚的数据。由此可推知，作者在第三段中提到以前的研究是为了解释这个最新研究的目的。故选A。4．What'stheresultofthestudiesonmalebottlenosedolphins?A．Fewofthemmakeuseofspongestofindfood.B．Alargequantityofthemmainlyfeedonsponges.C．Malespongersrestmoreoftenthannon­spongers.D．Malespongersenjoystayingwithotherspongers.解析：选D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“thosemaleswhousedspongesforforagingassociatedsignificantlymoreoftenwithother‘spongers’”可知，雄性宽吻海豚喜欢和其他海绵动物待在一起。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读七选五HowToBeGreen?Whatdoes“green”mean？“Green”ismorethanjustacolor.__1__Whygreen?Plantsaregreen,andwithoutthemtheEarthwouldn'tbesuchalovelyhomeforushumanbeings.Whatcanwedo?Here'safour­stepguidetobeinggreen.ReduceIt!__2__Forinstance,ashortershowermeansyouuselesswaterandlessfuelsinceyourhouseusesfueltorunthewaterheaterthatwarmsupthewater.ReuseIt!Sometimespeoplecalloursocietya“throwawaysociety”．Itmeansthatwe'realittletoowillingtothrowawayoldstuff(东西)andbuynewstuff.__3__Forinstance,ifyourbabybrotherbecomesolderandlosesinterestinhisplasticbasketballhoop(篮圈),whynotgiveittoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekid?RecycleIt!Recyclinghasneverbeeneasier.Manycommunities(社区)willpickituprightinfrontofyourhouseandsometownsevenrequireit.Recycledgoodsgotoarecyclingcenter,wheretheycanbeturnedintonewcans,bottles,andpaper.EnjoyIt!It'struethatrubbishandpollutionareproblems,buttheEarthremainsah