必修④ Unit 3 课下主题训练 自然科学研究成果

PAGE第8页共11页必修④Unit3课下主题训练自然科学研究成果课时作业(一)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①download□ ②command□③systematic□ ④platform□⑤blog□ ⑥address□⑦operate□ ⑧replace□⑨calculate□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))process□⑪drawback□ ⑫communicate□⑬surf□ ⑭intelligent□⑮guarantee□ ⑯automatic□⑰file□ ⑱digital□⑲scan□ ⑳instant□(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)download,communicate,surf,file,blog,address,process,drawback,command,platform1．WhenBarbieuxstartedhisblog,_hesimplyhopedtocommunicatewithafewpeople.2．Mostofthefoodwebuyisprocessedinsomeway.3．Besuretosavetherevisedversionofthefileunderanewfilename.4．BeforeIsetoff,Ienteredthecommandintomynavigationalcomputer.5．ManypeoplenowwouldrelyonsurfingtheInternetratherthanreadnewspapersfornews.6．Hetoldmetosendhislettersontohisnewaddresswhenhemoved.7．Microblogcanprovideaplatformtoshowourtalentandreleaseourpressure.8．Parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoretonarrowthegenerationgapbetweenthem.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Teacherswillneverbereplacedbycomputersintheclassroom.2．ThereisnodoubtthattheInternetmakescommunication(communicate)easierandhelpsuskeepupwiththelatestinformation.3．Butwhenhelookedtotheside,hesawinstantly(instant)thatitwasn'tadogatall,butawolf.4．IhaveagoodcommandofbusinessEnglish,andbeexperiencedincomputeroperation(operate)．5．Theintelligent(intelligence)robotswillreplacehumanbeingsinrescuingpeopleindangeroussituations.6．Atonetime,computerswereexpectedlargelytoremovetheneedforpapercopiesofdocumentsbecausetheycouldbestoreddigitally(digital)．Ⅲ.写出下列句中蓝色词的汉语意思1．However,alotofIntellectualProperty,includingsongs,films,booksandartworks,canbedownloadedtodayfreeofchargeusingtheInternet.下载2．Thecomputerwasprogrammedtocalculatedistancesbetweentwoobjects.计算3．Itoldthegentlemanthatthedoorhadanautomaticopener,andhedidnotneedtostaytoholditopen.自动的4．Alotofresearchisbeingconductedinthisarea,butsofar,thebrainscanningequipmentandcorrespondingcomputerprogramshaven'tbeenabletoactuallyreadthoughts.扫描5．Inthissection,wepresentabriefbutsystematicdiscussionoffunctions(函数)andtheirgraphs.系统的Ⅳ.用本单元词汇替换/升级加黑词汇1．Mostdomesticfreezersoperateatbelow－18°C.function2．Hefelttheapartment'sonlydrawbackwasthatitwastoosmall.disadvantage3．Peoplebegantobeworriedabouttheairpollutionhere.be_concerned_about二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解AChinarecentlycompletedanin­flightconfirmationforsatellitedrag­freecontroltechnology,markingastepforwardinthecountry'sspace­basedgravitationalwave(引力波)detectionprogram.State­ownedChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation(CASC)confirmedthesuccesswiththeTianqin­1,thecountry'sfirstsatelliteforspace­basedgravitationalwavedetection,onSaturday.Drag­freecontroltechnologyblocksforcesthataffectasatellite,excludinggravity,soitcanremainstable,thereportsaid,notingthatforcesneedtobecanceledincludingsunlightpressureandatmosphericdrag.Basedonflightdata,thenewtechnologyreducedexternal(外部的)forcesontheTianqin­1'saccelerationbylessthan1­400millionthofthegravitationalacceleration,markingabetterresultthantheEuropeanSpaceAgency'sGOCEsatellite's1­300millionth.Theresultssuggestthatexternalforceshaveanaccelerationeffectoflessthanahumanyawn,thereportsaid.Moreover,theChinesetechnologywassuccessfulinreducingthedisplacementfromexternalforcesto30nanometers,or1­4,000thofthediameterofanadulthumanhairstrand.Itisalsobetterthantheinternationallywell­knownLISAsatellite's40nanometers,accordingtoScienceandTechnologyDaily.ThetworesultshavesignificanttheoreticalandpracticalvalueindetectingEarth'sgravitationalfield,accordingtothereport.Withthislatestachievement,theTianqin­1hasproventhelevelofitstechnology.TheresearchinstituteunderCASCstartedconductingrelatedresearchin2010,accordingtoScienceandTechnologyDaily,whichalsonotedthatChinastillneedstimetopracticallyapplythetechnologytogravitationalwavedetection.LaunchedonDecember20,2019,theTianqin­1isChina'sfirsttechnologydemonstrationsatelliteintheTianqingravitationalwavedetectionprogram.StartedbytheSunYat­senUniversityin2015,theprogramwilleventuallyconsistofthreesatellitesthatwillformatrianglearoundEarth.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“天琴一号”卫星上应用的无拖拽控制技术，该技术体现了中国科技的进步。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Gravitationalwavedetection.B．Drag­freecontroltechnology.C．Acertainspacesatellite.D．Sunlightpressure.解析：选C代词指代题。根据第二段中的“Drag­freecontroltechnologyblocksforcesthataffectasatellite,excludinggravity,soitcanremainstable”可知，无拖拽控制技术可以阻止除引力外影响卫星的力，因此卫星可以保持稳定，故画线词it指的是“卫星”，故C项正确。2．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph3?A．Ourtechnologyishighlyadvanced.B．TheTianqin­1iswidelyknownworldwide.C．TheLISAsatelliteisatotalsuccess.D．TheTianqin­1'saccelerationisincreased.解析：选A推理判断题。第三段前半部分说中国的新技术比欧洲的先进，无拖拽控制技术使得外力对加速度的影响比打哈欠给人带来的加速度的影响还要小，后半部分强调这一技术优于国际著名的LISA卫星应用的技术，故本段的主要目的是向读者展示中国先进的科技，故A项正确。3．WhatisTRUEabouttheTianqin­1?A．Itwassentintospacein2015.B．Itguaranteesgreateraccuracywhenworking.C．Itstillneedstimetoremainstable.D．Itcancreategravitationalwaves.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，中国这一技术(无拖拽控制技术)将外力引起的卫星移位控制在了30纳米，优于国际著名的LISA卫星的40纳米。由此可推知“天琴一号”在工作时可以保证较高的准确性。故B项正确。4．Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Anartmagazine. B．Atravelbrochure.C．Amathematicessay. D．Asciencejournal.解析：选D文章出处题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了中国航天事业上的科技进步，故本文很有可能选自科学杂志，故D项正确。BScientistshavedevelopedanewtypeofsmartbandage(绷带)thatcansignalthetypeofbacterial(细菌的)infectionit'sprotecting,justlikeatrafficlight,aswellasreleasetherighttypeofdrugsondemand.Thetrafficlightsystemworksjustlikethis:Greenmeansnobacteriaoralowconcentrationofbacteria,yellowmeansdrug­sensitive(DS)bacteriaresponsivetostandardantibiotics(抗生素)andthatcausesantibioticrelease,andredmeansdrug­resistant(DR)bacteriathatneedextrahelptobewipedout.Intestingthebandageonmice,theresearchteamwasabletosuccessfullytreatbothDSandDRinfectionsusingthenewmethod.However,thecommonmethodsofsensingresistancearelimitedbytime,therequirementforprofessionalpersonnel,andexpensiveinstruments.Moreover,theabuseofantibioticscausestheacceleratedprocessofbacterialresistance.It'seasytoseehowasimplebandageandlightcouldovercomesomeoftheselimitations.Treatmentdoesn'thavetowaitforadoctortomakeadiagnosis,andthebandagecangettherightsortofdrugsappliedattheearliestopportunity.What'smore,thepersonwearingthebandagegetsreal­timefeedbackonwhat'shappeningwiththeinfection,ifthere'saninfection.Theresearcherssayitoffersnumerousbenefitsoverexistingtreatmentsthatmakeuseoflight,includingphotodynamictherapyorPDT.We'vebeenseeingquiteafewupgradestothetraditionalbandageinrecentyears,thankstoadvancesinscience—likethenanofibremeshthatattractsbacteriaanddrawssomeofthemout,speedingupthehealingprocess.Thenthere'sthenovelbandagefortreatingburns,whichstopsbacteriafrommultiplyingandlowerstheriskofinfection.Themoreworkthatabandagecandowhileit'sprotectingawound,thebetter.Effortstoimprovebandagescontinueandnowwe'vegotabandagethatnotonlyreleasesantibiotics,butalsotellsthepatientexactlywhat'sgoingontoo.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型绷带的工作原理和特点。5．Whatisthesmartbandagemainlydesignedtodo?A．Avoidtheuseofantibiotics.B．Clearoutharmfulbacteria.C．Detectbacterialinfection.D．Increasetreatmentoptions.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，智能绷带能显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型。此处signal意为“标志，表明，预示”，C项符合语境。6．Whatistheadvantageofthesmartbandage?A．Itsavesmuchtimeandcost.B．Itremovestheriskofinfection.C．Itpreventsthebacterialresistance.D．Itimprovesthedoctor­patientrelationship.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句和第三段第二句可知，智能绷带可以节省时间和花费。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Traditionalbandagesareoutofusenow.B．Moresmartbandageswillbedeveloped.C．Progressinsciencecallsformoreresearch.D．Peopleareurgedtostudymedicalscience.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后两段的首句可知，随着科技进步，将有更多的新型绷带会被开发出来。8．Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A．Asuccessfultestonmice.B．Acolour­changingbandage.C．Sensingdrug­resistantbacteria.D．Preventingabuseofantibiotics.解析：选B主旨大意题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型的智能绷带的工作原理和特点。Ⅱ.应用文写作假定你是李华。学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛，主题为“垃圾分类益处多”，请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下：1．你的观点；2．你的建议。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：垃圾分类garbageclassification参考范文：Hello,everyone!I'mgladtohavethischancetosharesomeideasaboutgarbageclassificationwithyou.Tomyunderstanding,theEarthishometoeveryindividual,andit'sourdutytoprotecttheenvironmentvoluntarily.Bysortingthewaste,wecannotonlyreducepollutionbutalsosaveenergy,whichwillpavethewayforrecyclingofvaluableresources.Forthesakeofourenvironmentandlife,weareexpectedtolearntosorttherubbishandmakeitahabit.Thankyou!课时作业(二)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①produce□ ②contribution□③advanced□ ④prospect□⑤exactly□ ⑥memory□⑦realize□ ⑧prosperous□⑨decoration□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))message□⑪convenient□ ⑫revolution□⑬invention□ ⑭challenge□⑮breakthrough□ ⑯stable□⑰matter□ ⑱fashionable□⑲developed□ ⑳imagination□(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)produce,decoration,matter,contribution,memory，message,challenge,advanced,realize,breakthrough1．Onlyifwesticktoourdreamswillwebeabletogetoverallkindsofchallenges.2．Ibelievehewillsurelyrealizehisdream,won'the?3．Facingincreasingenergylimits,Chinaneedsabreakthroughinminingandexploration.4．Recyclingisagreatwaytosaveenergybecauseitreducestheneedtoproducenewmaterials.5．Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosedwithaseriousdisease.6．Bytheendoflastweek,wehadreceivedover1,000textmessages.7．Thehappychildhoodwespenttogetherinthecountrysideisadistantmemoryformenow.8．Asarewardforhiscontributiontobotany(植物学),JosephBankshadaflowernamedafterhim.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Theinvention(invent)ofplastic,whichisbothtoughandflexible,representedarevolutioninmaterialscience.2．Thethreespacemenmadegreatcontributions(contribute)tothedevelopmentofthespaceprogram.3．China,asadevelopingcountry,isdifferentfromAmerica,whichisadevelopedone.(develop)4．Sometimes,imagination(imagine)ismoreimportantthanknowledgeduringourstudies.5．Qingdao,amoderncitywithconvenient(convenience)transportation,ispleasanttolivein.6．Duringscientificexperiments,sheexplainsexactly(exact)whatishappeningandasaresultmyworkisimproving.7．Eveninadvanced(advance)agriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety­fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.Ⅲ.写出下列句中蓝色词的汉语意思1．Arevolutionininformationtechnologyistakingplace.大变革2．Weareconfidentthatourcountrywillbemorepowerfulandprosperousintheprocessofrelievingpoverty.昌盛的3．Astablejobwithasteadyincomeoffersoneasenseofsecurity,especiallyintoday'shighlycompetitivesociety.稳定的4．Thereisanexcitingprospectofapplying5G.前景，展望5．Thedecorationandfurnishingshavetobepracticalenoughforafamilyhome.装饰6．SomestudentsthinkInternetSlangisvivid,fashionableandfullofhumorandintelligence.流行的，时尚的二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解ItwasjustanormaldayforRuthMiller,a63­year­oldwomanuntileverythingwenthorriblywrong.Shewaswalkingtohercaraftershoppingwhenthe_unthinkablehappened.Rightasshewasunlockinghercar,amanquicklycameupbehindherandtriedtowrestleherpurseaway.Shewasinshock.LuckilysherememberedshehadherSafePersonalAlarm(SPA)onherpurse,andsinceshewastooscaredtoscreamforhelp,shequicklyreachedforthealarmandpulledthepin(保险栓).ImmediatelyherSPAstartedjustscreaming.Themandidn'tknowwhattodo!Hefrozeforasecond,andthenranawaylikeabatoutofhell!SPAisasafetydevicecapableofcreatinga125dbsoundthatattractsattentionandscaresawaypotentialattackers.Tocompare,it'sthesamevolumeasamilitaryjetduringtakeoff.PaulDavidson,theinventorofSPA,knowsalltoowellthetypeofsituationthatRuthfoundherselfin.Butthat'snottheonlytypeofsituationthatSPAhelpsprotectagainst.Parentscangiveittotheirkidsasanextrameansofprotection.Teenagerscanuseitsotheycanfeelsafewalkinghome.Womencanknowit'stherewhentheyhavetousetheparkinglotatnight.“Mymother,whois76yearsold,carriesitaroundincaseshefallsandneedstoaskpeopleforhelp.IonlywishI'dthoughtofitearlier，”saidPaul.ThepolicehavebeenrecommendingSPAsinceitfirsthitthemarket.Infact,sinceitslaunch,SPAhasbeeninastate,shiftingbetweeninstocktosoldoutnearlyeveryotherweek,andit'salsogottonsofloyalfollowersworldwide.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款市场上火爆的能够防身的报警设备SPA。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theunthinkable”inParagraph1referto?A．Anattemptedrobbery.B．Awrestlingmatch.C．Anangryargument.D．Acaraccident.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据构词法可推测，unthinkable的意义应与“难以想象”相关；再结合第二段内容可知，此处指一起未遂的抢劫。attempted意为“未遂的”。2．HowdidRuthreacttotheunexpectedsituation?A．Shefoughtviolently.B．Shefrozeingreatfear.C．Shecrieddesperatelyforhelp.D．Shesoundedhersafetydevice.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中“shequicklyreachedforthealarmandpulledthepin(保险栓)”可知，她迅速地摸到了报警器并拉下保险栓，故D项正确。3．WhyisPaul'smothermentionedinParagraph4?A．Toimplytheelderlyneedmorecare.B．Tosuggesthecaresabouthismother.C．ToshowSPAcanbewidelyused.D．TomakeanadvertisementforSPA.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段中“Butthat'snottheonlytypeofsituationthatSPAhelpsprotectagainst”以及后面关于孩子、妇女和老人使用该设备的好处的例子可知，作者想借此说明此设备还有更多的用途。4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．SPAiswellreceivedinthemarket.B．Peoplehesitatetopayforsecurity.C．SPAwassoldoutinthefirsttwoweeks.D．Thepolicealwaysrecommendproducts.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，SPA在市场上得到了人们的一致认可。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Researchershavedevelopedanewmachinesystemthatcandetectlungcanceraswellasorbetterthandoctors.__1__.Itteachescomputerstolearnbyexample.TheWorldHealthOrganizationreportslungcancerasthemostcommonformofcancer,resultinginabout1.7milliondeaths.__2__.However,survivalratescanbegreatlyimprovedwhenthediseaseiscaughtearly.Formanyyears,doctorshaveattemptedtoimprovescreeningmethodstodetectlungcancer.__3__.ACTscanusesX­raysandacomputertomakedetailedimagesofbones,organsandothertissuesinsidethebody.DoctorswhoaretrainedtostudyCTimagesexaminethescanstolookforevidenceofcancer.__4__.Themethodcanreducedeathratesby20to43percent,butitalsoresultsinahighrateoffalsecancerdiagnoses.Thenewdeep­learningsystemuses3DtechnologytoexaminetheCTscans.ThemethodworksbylearninghowtodetectsignsofcancerfromalargenumberofCTsamples.Googlesaidinastatement,“Wedetectedfivepercentmorecancercaseswhilereducingfalse­positiveexamsbymorethan11percentcomparedtounassistedradiologistsinourstudy.”Dr.Mozziyarhelpedleadtheresearch.__5__.“Ourmodelwasabletodetecttheseearlysigns—oneyearbeforethepatientwasactuallydiagnosed，”Pengsaid.“Andthatyearcouldtranslatetoanincreasedsurvivalrateof40percentforpatientslikethis.”A．ThemethodcanpredictcancerinpatientsB．ThemostcommontoolcurrentlyusedisCTC．TheprocesscaninvolvehundredsofimagesD．Thesystemispoweredbyamethodofartificialintelligence,orAIE．LungcancerhasoneoftheworstsurvivalratesamongallcancersF．Hesaidtheuseof3Dtechnology,marksabigstepinCTexaminationG．Thestudyreportsthesystemwastestedon6,716caseswithknowndiagnoses语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。肺癌的死亡率很高，研究人员利用人工智能开发出一个新的体系，以提高对于肺癌的早期诊断准确率，从而改进癌症的治疗效果。1．解析：选D前文介绍研究人员开发了诊断肺癌的新机器，下文说“它让电脑学习病例”，D项“Thesystem”与前文的“anewmachinesystem”呼应，“artificialintelligence”与下文的内容呼应。2．解析：选E下文的however表明本空内容应该与前文构成一个完整的信息链：前文说肺癌的死亡率，E项说肺癌的生存率最低，前后内容呼应，因此选E。3．解析：选B前文说医生一直在寻找办法改进对肺癌的诊断，B项说“目前最常用的办法是做CT检查”，并与后面的内容吻合，因此选B。4．解析：选CC项的“hundredsofimages”与前文的“CTimages”呼应，符合语境。5．解析：选FF项的“Hesaid”与前文