湖北省黄冈市部分普通高中2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

2023年秋季黄冈市部分普通高中高三年级阶段性教学质量监测英语本试卷共10页,满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并认真核准准考证号条形码上的以上信息，将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.请按题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.选择题用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选答案的标号涂黑;非选择题用黑色签字笔在答题卡上作答;字体工整，笔迹清楚。4.考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatisTomgoingtodo?A.Giveaspeech.B.Listentoaspeech.C.Prepareforaspeech.2.Whendoafternoonclassesstart?A.At12:00.B.At1:00.C.At1:30.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Cookabigsupper.B.Checkhisreport.C.MeetDr.Smithfirst.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atalaundry.B.Atarestaurant.C.Ataclothingstore.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aparty.B.Anexam.C.Amatch.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Familymembers.C.Photographerandcustomer.7.Whydoesthewomanrefusetobephotographedatfirst?A.Shelooksterriblenow.B.Shedoesn’tlikeit.C.Sheistoobusy.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatdoweknowaboutthehotelinSitges?A.It’sfarfromthebeach.B.It’sbesideabusyroad.C.It’snearabusstop.9.WhatcanpeopleenjoyinthehotelinSitges?A.Footballgames.B.KTV.C.Keep-fitclasses.10.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Askforalowerprice.B.Lookaroundthehotel.C.Complaintothemanager.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.HowlongdidJessieworkinGeneralMotors?A.Onemonth.B.Oneyear.C.Threeyears.12.WhydidJessiegotoAmerica?A.Formarriage.B.Forwork.C.Forstudy.13.WhatpositiondoesJessieapplyfor?A.Ateacher.B.Aneditor.C.Asecretary.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.Whendoesthemanplantogotothenewmuseum?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.15.Whydoesthemanlookworried?A.Hecan’tmeetwithhisfriends.B.Hecan’tgetthemovieticket.C.Hecan’tgototheconcert.16.WhatwillMarydotomorrow?A.Enjoyaconcert.B.Receivesomeguests.C.Cookthedinner.17.WhatisMary’sattitudetowardtheman’sarrangementintheend?A.Angry.B.Happy.C.Disappointed.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Deliveringaspeech.B.Introducingarestaurant.C.Organizingaconference.19.WheredidtheSlowFoodMovementstart?A.InSpain.B.InJapan.C.InItaly.20.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkSlowFoodismoreabout?A.Tradition.B.Lifestyles.C.Healthyfood.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ARookeryBayFestivalofBirdsJanuary1-31JoinRookeryBayNationalEstuarineResearchReserveandpartnersinJanuaryforthe2023FestivalofBirds.Allmonthlong,festivalparticipantscanenjoyexpertspeakerpresentationsandvirtualliveadventuresonline.This19thannualeventishybrid,soyoucanjoinRookeryBayResearchReservefromwhereveryouare!AfestivalpassisrequiredanditincludesfreeadmissiontotheEnvironmentalLearningCenterallmonthlong!Virtuallectures●BrownPelicanBiologybyRochelleStreker(1/6,2:00—2:45pm)●AudubonFlorida’sRooftopNestingProgrambyRebekahSnyder(1/7,2:00—2:45pm)●BirdsNeedNaturalClimateSolutionsbyReneeWilson(1/13,2:00——2:45pm)●TheRacetoSaveSeabirdsAroundtheGlobebyAdamDiNuovo(1/19,2:00—2:45pm)●BirdingCoasttoCoast:TheLifeofaBigYearBirderbyDavidMcQuade(1/27,5:30—7:00pm)LivefromtheField(1/11,1/19and1/26,11:0011:45am).JoinRookeryBayResearchReservestaffbehindthescenestoobservehowspeciesandhabitatsintheReservearemonitoredandconservedforfuturegenerations.IncludedwithyourFestivalofBirdspass-$50●Children’sBookAuthorSigning●BirdBandingDemonstration●Eco-Tours:boattoursatRookeryBayResearchReserve●Accessto24tripstoAreaHotspots(additionalfeesmayapply):BigCypressNaturePreserve,BuncheBeachPreserve,ClamPassPark,CorkscrewSwampSanctuary,DonnaFialaEagleLakesCommunityPark,HarnsMarsh,RookeryBayResearchReserve,andTigertailBeach.Notice:Ifyoupurchaseyourfestivalpassanduseyouruniquefestivalcodetoregister,youwillreceivea10%discount.1.WhatisspecialabouttheFestivalofBirds?A.Itoffersfreechildren’sbookstoparticipants.B.Itlastsforalmostthreemonthseachyear.C.Itconsistsofbothlecturesandfieldtrips.D.Ithasbeencelebratedfor19yearssofar.2.Whowillsharetheexperiencesofobservingbirds?A.DavidMcQuade. B.RochelleStreker.C.RebekahSnyder. D.AdamDiNuovo.3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyouregisterwithyourfestivalcode?A.$40. B.$45. C.$50. D.$55.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了一个有关鸟类保护的节日及其相关活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Allmonthlong,festivalparticipantscanenjoyexpertspeakerpresentationsandvirtualliveadventuresonline.(整个月，节日参与者都可以享受专家演讲和在线虚拟现场冒险)”以及“This19thannualeventishybrid,soyoucanjoinRookeryBayResearchReservefromwhereveryouare!(这个第19届年度活动是混合的，所以无论你在哪里，你都可以加入鸦巢湾研究保护区!)”和下文中的“Virtuallectures(虚拟的讲座)”以及“Accessto24tripstoAreaHotspots(24次前往热点地区的旅行)”可知，这个节日既有讲座也有野外考察。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Virtuallectures部分中的“BirdingCoasttoCoast:TheLifeofaBigYearBirderbyDavidMcQuade(穿越大陆的观鸟旅行：一位热衷大游戏的鸟类观察者的生活，作者：DavidMcQuade)”可知，DavidMcQuade将会分享他观鸟的经历。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文中的“IncludedwithyourFestivalofBirdspass-$50(包括在您的观鸟节门票中-$50。)”和最后一段中的“Notice:Ifyoupurchaseyourfestivalpassanduseyouruniquefestivalcodetoregister,youwillreceivea10%discount.(注意：如果您购买节日通行证并使用您唯一的节日代码注册，您将获得10%的折扣。)”可知，观鸟节的门票是50美元，如果使用独特的节日代码进行注册购票，会打九折，所以只需支付45美元。故选B。BWhenImovedtonorthernNewJerseyin2012andtookasoftwaretestengineeringjobinmidtownManhattan,Isuddenlyfoundmyselfwithanhour-longbuscommute.I’dsolvednewspapercrosswordpuzzlesformanyyears,butIhadlittlepatienceandwasn’tverygood.SowhenIstartedmycrosswordingagainduringthoselongtrips,Iwasdeterminedtobecomeabettersolver.However,afternoticingthatallofTheNewYorkTimespuzzleshadbylines(署名行),Ifigured,“Whycouldn’toneofthembemine?”Iboughtcrosswordconstructionsoftwareandadictionaryofvalidcrosswordpuzzleentries.Istartedwithablank15×15grid(网格).Afterreading,rereading,andmorerereadingofmypuzzle,Idecidedthatitwasasgoodasitwasevergoingtobe.SoIsentitofftoTheTimesandanxiouslywaitedfortheirresponse.Severalweekslater,IreceivedanemailfromastafferwritingonbehalfofeditorWillShortz.Hisanswerwasbasic,“Thanks,butnothanks.”What’sworse,IreceivednearlythesamerejectionfromShortzandhiscolleaguesforthenextseveralpuzzlesIsubmitted.ThenIfoundmywaytotheCrosswordPuzzleCollaborationDirectorygrouponFacebook.InthegroupIconnectedwithMark,amoreexperiencedconstructorwhobecamemyteacher.Aftermakingsomeeditsformy21×21gridatMark’ssuggestion,IsentthepuzzleofftoTheNewYorkTimes.Afewmonthslater,Igotsomethingnewinmyinbox:anactualacceptancemessagefromTheNewYorkTimes!Theychangedsomeofthecluestobemorestraightforward.Anyway,myhardworkfinallypaidoff.Naturally,Itoldallmyfriendsandfamilytogetacopyofthepaperonthepublicationdate,March21,2021.NowI’vemadealotinmysparetime.Evenifconstructingapuzzlefeelslikeanimpossibletaskfromtimetotime,it’sprobablynot.Veryfewthingsinlifearetrulyimpossible.4Whatdidtheauthorintendtodoafterseeingthebylines?A.Applytobeacrosswordpuzzleeditor.B.Createcrosswordpuzzlesbyhimself.C.Solvesomechallengingwordgames.D.Developcrosswordconstructionsoftware.5.HowdidtheauthorprobablyfeelabouttheresponsesfromTheTimes?A.Grateful. B.Hopeful.C.Uninterested. D.Disappointed.6.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sworkwithMark’shelp?A.Itachievedgreatpopularity.B.Itwaschangedintoasmallergrid.C.Itwaspublishedafterbeingmadesimpler.D.Itbecamesomethingimpossibletobeoutdone.7.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.HewrotetoShortzfrequentlyforadvice.B.Heisacommittedamateurpuzzlebuilder.C.Heworksfull-timeatTheNewYorkTimes.D.Hestartedsolvingnewspaperpuzzlesin2012.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了作为一名字谜爱好者，作者通过不断努力终于将自己设计的字谜发表在了《纽约时报》上。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I’dsolvednewspapercrosswordpuzzlesformanyyears,butIhadlittlepatienceandwasn’tverygood.SowhenIstartedmycrosswordingagainduringthoselongtrips,Iwasdeterminedtobecomeabettersolver.However,afternoticingthatallofTheNewYorkTimespuzzleshadbylines(署名行),Ifigured,“Whycouldn’toneofthembemine?””（多年来，我一直在解决报纸上的填字游戏，但我没有耐心，也做得不太好。所以当我在长途旅行中再次开始填字游戏时，我下定决心要成为一个更好的解决者。然而，在注意到《纽约时报》上所有的谜题都有署名后，我想，“为什么不能有一个是我的呢？”）可知，作者看到《纽约时报》的字谜都有署名行，然后就打算亲自设计字谜，做填字游戏。故选B项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Afterreading,rereading,andmorerereadingofmypuzzle,Idecidedthatitwasasgoodasitwasevergoingtobe.SoIsentitofftoTheTimesandanxiouslywaitedfortheirresponse.Severalweekslater,IreceivedanemailfromastafferwritingonbehalfofeditorWillShortz.Hisanswerwasbasic,“Thanks,butnothanks.”What’sworse,IreceivednearlythesamerejectionfromShortzandhiscolleaguesforthenextseveralpuzzlesIsubmitted.”（在阅读了一遍又一遍的阅读我的谜题之后，我觉得它已经足够好了。所以我把它寄给了《纽约时报》，焦急地等待他们的回复。几周后，我收到了一封代表编辑威尔·肖特兹写的邮件。他的回答很简单：“谢谢，但不用了。”更糟糕的是，我随后提交的几款谜题也遭到了肖特兹及其同事的拒绝。）可知，作者对自己设计的字谜很有信心，但是得到的回复都是拒绝由此可推断，这种落差会让他感到失望。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Afewmonthslater,Igotsomethingnewinmyinbox:anactualacceptancemessagefromTheNewYorkTimes!Theychangedsomeofthecluestobemorestraightforward.Anyway,myhardworkfinallypaidoff.Naturally,Itoldallmyfriendsandfamilytogetacopyofthepaperonthepublicationdate,March21,2021.”（几个月后，我的收件箱里有了新东西：一封来自《纽约时报》的录用信！他们改变了一些线索，使其更直接。总之，我的努力终于有了回报。自然地，我告诉我所有的朋友和家人我的字谜刊登在2021年3月21日出版的那期报纸上。）可知，在Mark的帮助下，作者的付出终于有了回报。《纽约时报》对其字谜稍作修改后，使线索直接了，然后刊登在2021年3月21日出版的那期报纸上。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“NowI’vemadealotinmysparetime.Evenifconstructingapuzzlefeelslikeanimpossibletaskfromtimetotime,it’sprobablynot.Veryfewthingsinlifearetrulyimpossible.”（现在我在业余时间赚了很多钱。即使构建谜题有时感觉像是一项不可能完成的任务，但事实可能并非如此。生活中很少有事情是真正不可能的。）可知，作者利用业余时间已经设计了很多字谜，由此可见他对字谜的热爱是坚定不移的。故选B项。CWorldwide,therearemorethanathousandmistletoe(槲寄生)species.TheygrowoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica.Theyareparasites(寄生物)andliveonthebranchesoftheirplant“hosts”,absorbingwaterandnutrientstosurvive.Theyaccomplishthisthieveryviaaspecializedstructurethatinfectstheirhosts.Infact,theyinfectplantsofallkinds,includingthemselves—anumberofspecieshavebeendocumentedparasitizingothermistletoespecies.Yetdespitetheirparasitism,mistletoespeciesmaywellbetheRobinHoodsofplants.(RobinHoodisacharacterinoldEnglishstorieswholivesinaforestwithagroupoffriendsandstealsmoneyfromrichpeopleinordertogiveittopoorpeople.)Theyprovidefood,shelterandhuntinggroundsforotheranimals.Fallenmistletoeleavesreleasenutrientsintotheforestfloorthatwouldotherwiseremainlockedwithintrees,andthisgenerositybenefitsthefoodchain.“Yes,ecologically,theyarecheats,”saysDavidWatson,acommunityecologistatCharlesSturtUniversityatAlbury-Wodonga,Australia.Buttheysharetheirwealth.“Theystealthesenutrients,andthentheydropthem,”Watsonsays.Mistletoespeciesdependcriticallyonanimalstogetaround.Mostmistletoefruitsareberriescontainingasingleseedthat’ssurroundedbyastickylayer.Roughly90birdspeciesareknowntoconsumemistletoespecies’seeds,sothebirdscanpassthemtoothertreesontheirbodies,orwhentheyareeaten,seedsarepassedthroughtheirwaste.(Thereareexceptions:Somemistletoespeciesmakeexplosivefruitsthatsendtheirseedstowardnearbytrees,reachingdistancesof10metersormore.)Scientistshaveknownthatmistletoespeciesallhaveancestorsthatwereparasitesnotonbranchesbutonroots.“Theyevolvedoverandoverandover,andthisunderstory,root-parasitic,shrubbythingswitchedtobeinganaerial(meaningtheyinfectabove-groundplantparts,ratherthanroots),parasiticshrubbything,”Watsonsays.Movingupthetreehelpedtosolveaproblemthatallplantsarefacedwith:competingforsunlight.Despitetheirparasiticnature,mostmistletoespeciesstilluseenergyfromlighttomaketheirfood.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutmistletoespeciesaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Theyarehighlyindependent. B.Theyareharmfultotheirhosts.C.Theycanbefoundoneverycontinent. D.Theyprefertoliveontherootsofplants.9.InwhatwayaremistletoespeciessimilartoRobinHood?A.Theyhelppoorlygrowntreesabsorbmorenutrients.B.Theyhaveremarkableabilitiestosurviveintheforest.C.Theyliveintheforestwithotherplantspeciesingroups.D.Theystealandgivefoodtomanyotherlivingthings.10.Howdomostmistletoespeciesspreadtheirseeds?AWiththehelpofbirds. B.Bymakingexplosivefruits.C.Withthehelpofnearbytrees. D.Bytakingadvantageofhosts’seeds.11.WhatdoesWatsontellusabouttheevolutionarydevelopmentofmistletoespecies?A.Theyeventuallyevolvedintoshrubbyplants.B.Theirhabitatschangedfromrootstobranches.C.Theytriedtogiveupusingenergyfromsunlight.D.Theirparasiticnaturewasformedinagradualway.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了槲寄生这种植物，槲寄生虽然靠寄生生存，却乐善好施，堪称植物界的盗侠罗宾汉。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theyareparasites(寄生物)andliveonthebranchesoftheirplant“hosts”,absorbingwaterandnutrientstosurvive.Theyaccomplishthisthieveryviaaspecializedstructurethatinfectstheirhosts.(它们是寄生虫，生活在它们的植物“宿主”的树枝上，吸收水分和营养来生存。它们通过感染宿主的特殊结构来完成这种盗窃)”可知，槲寄生对它们的宿主有害。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Yetdespitetheirparasitism,mistletoespeciesmaywellbetheRobinHoodsofplants.(RobinHoodisacharacterinoldEnglishstorieswholivesinaforestwithagroupoffriendsandstealsmoneyfromrichpeopleinordertogiveittopoorpeople.)Theyprovidefood,shelterandhuntinggroundsforotheranimals.(然而，尽管寄生，槲寄生物种很可能是植物中的罗宾汉。（罗宾汉是古英语故事中的一个人物，他和一群朋友住在森林里，从富人那里偷钱，然后分给穷人。它们为其他动物提供食物、庇护所和狩猎场)”可知，在英国的古老故事中，罗宾汉和一群朋友从富人那里偷钱，然后把钱给了穷人。槲寄生同样通过寄生宿主为其它动物提供食物、住所和捕猎场所，这一点与罗宾汉相似。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Mistletoespeciesdependcriticallyonanimalstogetaround.Mostmistletoefruitsareberriescontainingasingleseedthat’ssurroundedbyastickylayer.Roughly90birdspeciesareknowntoconsumemistletoespecies’seeds,sothebirdscanpassthemtoothertreesontheirbodies,orwhentheyareeaten,seedsarepassedthroughtheirwaste.(槲寄生物种非常依赖动物来生存。大多数槲寄生果实是一种浆果，含有一颗被一层粘性层包围的种子。已知大约有90种鸟类会食用槲寄生物种的种子，因此鸟类可以将它们通过身体传递给其他树木，或者当它们被吃掉时，种子通过它们的排泄物传播)”可知，大多数槲寄生物种在鸟的帮助下传播它们的种子。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theyevolvedoverandoverandover,andthisunderstory,root-parasitic,shrubbythingswitchedtobeinganaerial(meaningtheyinfectabove-groundplantparts,ratherthanroots),parasiticshrubbything,”Watsonsays.Movingupthetreehelpedtosolveaproblemthatallplantsarefacedwith:competingforsunlight.”(沃森说：“它们一遍又一遍地进化，这种下层植物，根寄生，灌木状的东西变成了空中的（它们一遍又一遍地进化，这种下层植物，根寄生，灌木状的东西变成了空中的(意味着它们感染地上的植物部分，而不是根)，寄生灌木状的东西，”沃森说。向树上移动有助于解决所有植物都面临的一个问题:争夺阳光。)”可知，Watson解释了槲寄生的进化过程，它们从在树根进化到在树枝。故选B。DThreeoutoffivewomensaythattheircaringresponsibilitiesarepreventingthemfromapplyingforjobsorpromotion,whileonlyoneinfivemensaythesame,accordingtonewresearch.Thepollof5,444peoplebyIpsosMoriandthecharityBusinessintheCommunity(BITC)foundthatnearlyhalfoftheworkforcearecombiningpaidworkandcare.Almostthreein10adultshaveleftorconsideredleavingajobbecauseofdifficultiesinbalancingworkandcare.Thelatterwasparticularlytrueofwomen.ThemajorityofthosewithcareresponsibilitiesintheUKareparentslookingafterchildrenunder18,but36%ofcarersareresponsibleforanadultofworkingageorolder.Thosefromablack,Asian,mixedraceorotherethnicallydiversebackgroundweresignificantlymorelikelytosaytheyhavecaringresponsibilitiesthanthosefromawhitebackground.Asmanyas50%ofcarersfromanethnicminoritysaytheircaringresponsibilitiesareholdingthemback,comparedto39%ofwhitecarers.BITCGenderEqualitycampaigndirectorCharlotteWoodworthsaidtheresultsshowedthedisconnectbetweenwhatworkersneedfromemployersandwhattheyexperience.“There’salotofcompetingideasabouthowweshouldtrytoimprovethelotofwomen,howweshouldtryandcreateamorelevelled-upsociety.Thisreporttellsusveryclearlyhowsignificantlyworkplacepoliciesandworkplaceculturesareunderminingthoseefforts,”shesaid.Theresearchshowsnearlyonein10carersare“sandwichcarers”,meaningtheyhavecaringresponsibilitiesforbothachildandanadult.Thecharitywantsthegovernmentandemployerstooffernewfathersmorepaidtimeofftolookaftertheirchildren.Theresearchfoundthatevenamongwomenwhoidentifyasjointcarers,52%saytheydo“morethanmyfairshare”,incomparisonto10%ofmen.Oneinthreemenadmittheydo“lessthanmyfairshare”,incomparisonto4%ofwomen.12.Howdoestheauthorshowthegenderdifferenceofcaringresponsibilities?A.Byspecificdata. B.Bydetailedcomparison.C.Byreliablefacts. D.Byseveralquotations.13.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“undermining”inparagraph4?A.boosting B.affecting C.inspiring D.impairing14.Accordingtothecharity,whatcanthegovernmentandemployersdotohelpmothers?A.Toraisesalaryforthem. B.Togivepaidholidaystofathers.C.Toofferfatherspayrise. D.Toprovidethemwithmoretimeoff.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlyabout?A.Morepaidtimeoffshouldbegiventomentocare.B.Caringresponsibilitiesisdraggingmen’swork.C.Womensuffermorefromcareresponsibilities.D.Balancingworkwithcaringresponsibilitiesisadilemma.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了育儿责任对于夫妻双方事业的影响。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Threeoutoffivewomensaythattheircaringresponsibilitiesarepreventingthemfromapplyingforjobsorpromotion,whileonlyoneinfivemensaythesame,accordingtonewresearch.(一项最新研究显示，五分之三的女性表示，照顾孩子的责任阻碍了她们求职或升职，而只有五分之一的男性有同样的想法。)”和第二段中“Thepollof5,444peoplebyIpsosMoriandthecharityBusinessintheCommunity(BITC)foundthatnearlyhalfoftheworkforcearecombiningpaidworkandcare.Almostthreein10adultshaveleftorconsideredleavingajobbecauseofdifficultiesinbalancingworkandcare.(益普索·莫里和慈善机构社区商业(BITC)对5444人进行了调查，发现近一半的劳动力将带薪工作和护理结合起来。近十分之三的成年人因为难以平衡工作和生活而辞职或考虑辞职。)”可推知，作者用了大量的数据来阐述调查结果中育儿责任对于人们事业发展的影响，又用数据详细说了对于男女事业的影响程度不同。故选A项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“There’salotofcompetingideasabouthowweshouldtrytoimprovethelotofwomen,howweshouldtryandcreateamorelevelled-upsociety.Thisreporttellsusveryclearlyhowsignificantlyworkplacepoliciesandworkplaceculturesareunderminingthoseefforts,(关于我们应该如何提高女性的地位，我们应该如何创造一个更加平等的社会，有很多相互竞争的想法。这份报告非常清楚地告诉我们，职场政策和职场文化是如何严重地破坏了undermining这些努力)”中“howweshouldtrytoimprovethelotofwomen,howweshouldtryandcreateamorelevelled-upsociety”可知，划线词后“thoseefforts”指的是“提高女性的地位，创造一个更加平等的社会的努力”。再结合前文调查报告结果“thedisconnectbetweenwhatworkersneedfromemployersandwhattheyexperience(员工对雇主的要求和他们的经历之间的脱节)”可推知，调查结果表明我们的职场现状不利于提高女性的地位，创造一个更加平等的社会的努力，正在损害这些努力。故划线词与impaire同义，意为“损害”。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thecharitywantsthegovernmentandemployerstooffernewfathersmorepaidtimeofftolookaftertheirchildren.(该慈善机构希望政府和雇主为新爸爸们提供更多带薪假期来照顾孩子。)”可知，该组织认为政府和企业都应该给父亲们提供更多的带薪休假。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段“Threeoutoffivewomensaythattheircaringresponsibilitiesarepreventingthemfromapplyingforjobsorpromotion,whileonlyoneinfivemensaythesame,accordingtonewresearch.(一项最新研究显示，五分之三的女性表示，照顾孩子的责任阻碍了她们求职或升职，而只有五分之一的男性有同样的想法。)”和最后一段中“Theresearchfoundthatevenamongwomenwhoidentifyasjointcarers,52%saytheydo“morethanmyfairshare”,incomparisonto10%ofmen.Oneinthreemenadmittheydo“lessthanmyfairshare”,incomparisonto4%ofwomen.(研究发现，即使是在共同照顾孩子的女性中，也有52%的人说她们做的“超出了我的公平份额”，而男性的这一比例为10%。三分之一的男性承认他们“做得不够”，而只有4%的女性这么认为。)”可知，文章主要介绍了调查研究发现女性普遍比男性承担了更多的育儿责任。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MotionSicknessMotionsicknessoccurswhencertainkindsofmotionmakeanindividualfeelill.Itisnotararedisorder.___16___Althoughallpeoplecandevelopmotionsicknessifexposedtoasufficientlyintensestimulus,somepeoplearemorelikelytobeaffected.___17___Motionsicknesstypicallyarisesfrominconsistenciesbetweenthesensorysystemsinvolvedintheperceptionofmotion,includingthevestibular,visual,andproprioceptive(本体感受的)systems.Thevestibularsystemisresponsibleforone’ssenseofbalanceandmovementdirectionwhiletheproprioceptivesystemcarriessensoryinformationfromthejointsandmusclesalloverthebody.Whatarethesymptomsofmotionsickness?Theearliestsymptomofmotionsicknessisusuallyafeelingofdiscomfortintheabdomen,knownasstomachawareness.Thisisoftenfollowedbyvomiting.Someindividualsmayalsoexperienceacoldsweat,headache,spatialdisorientation(空间定向障碍),andasenseofsleepinessthatmaycontinuewellafterthemotionstimulushasended.___18___Howismotionsicknesstreated?Certainbehavioralstrategiesareoftenrecommended,suchasavoidingtravelinbadweatherconditions,andwhentraveling,sittinginareasthatexperiencetheleastamountofmovement.___19___Othertipsthatmayhelppreventmotionsicknessincludeavoidingfocusingonphonesorotherscreens,maps,orbookswhiletravelinginamovingvehicle.Howlongdoesmotionsicknesslast?Symptomsofmotionsicknesscanoccurwithinminutesofexperiencingmotionandmaylastforhoursafterthemotionstimulushasended.Manychildrenfeelbetterassoonasthevehicletheyareridinginstops,andthey’reabletogetoutandwalkaround.___20___Insomechildren,motionsicknesssymptomscanlastforseveralhours.A.Whatcausesmotionsickness?B.However,thisisn’talwaysaguarantee.C.Whomaysufferfrommotionsicknesseasily?D.Instead,anyonemaysufferwhenexperiencingrealorperceivedmotion.E.Inrarecases,severeproblems,suchastheinabilitytowalk,mayalsooccur.F.Asamatteroffact,thevisualsystemdetectsmotionbutthebodyremainsstill.G.Thisisusuallythelowestlevelintrainsandbuses,aswellasclosetothewaterlevelinboats.【答案】16.D17.A18.E19.G20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了晕动病的病因、症状、治疗方式和持续时间的相关信息。【16题详解】前文“Motionsicknessoccurswhencertainkindsofmotionmakeanindividualfeelill.Itisnotararedisorder.(当某些运动使人感到不适时，就会发生晕动病。这不是一种罕见的疾病)”引出晕动病的话题，说明它并不罕见。因此D项“Instead,anyonemaysufferwhenexperiencingrealorperceivedmotion.(相反，任何人在经历真实或感知的运动时都可能感到痛苦)”符合语境，指出任何人都有可能得晕动病，承接前文。故选D。【17题详解】空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且需和其他标题一样用疑问句的形式。根据后文“Motionsicknesstypicallyarisesfrominconsistenciesbetweenthesensorysystemsinvolvedintheperceptionofmotion,includingthevestibular,visual,andproprioceptive(本体感受的)systems.(晕动病通常是由参与运动感知的感觉系统之间的不一致引起的，包括前庭、视觉和本体感觉系统)”可知，本段简要介绍了诱发晕动病的主要原因。因此A项“Whatcausesmotionsickness?(晕动病的原因是什么)”符合语境，契合段落内容，其中的causes和后文的arisesfrom呼应。故选A。【18题详解】前文“Theearliestsymptomofmotionsicknessisusuallyafeelingofdiscomfortintheabdomen,knownasstomachawareness.Thisisoftenfollowedbyvomiting.Someindividualsmayalsoexperienceacoldsweat,headache,spatialdisorientation(空间定向障碍),andasenseofsleepinessthatmaycontinuewellafterthemotionstimulushasended.(晕动病最早的症状通常是腹部的不适感，被称为胃部意识。这通常伴随着呕吐。有些人可能还会出现冷汗、头痛、空间定向障碍和困倦感，这些症状可能在运动刺激结束后仍会持续很长时间)”介绍了晕动病的各种症状。因此E项“Inrarecases,severeproblems,suchastheinabilitytowalk,mayalsooccur.(在极少数情况下，如不能走路这样严重的问题也可能发生)”符合语境，指出也有不能走路这样严重的症状，承接前文。故选E。【19题详解】前文“Certainbehavioralstrategiesareoftenrecommended,suchasavoidingtravelinbadweatherconditions,andwhentraveling,sittinginareasthatexperiencetheleastamountofmovement.(某些行为策略经常被推荐，比如避免在恶劣天气条件下出行，出行时坐在运动量最少的区域)”具体介绍一些避免晕动病的策略，涉及天气和坐的位置两个因素。因此G项“Thisisusuallythelowestlevelintrainsandbuses,aswellasclosetothewaterlevelinboats.(这通常是火车和公共汽车的最低水平高度，也接近船上的水位)”符合语境，对坐的位置进行通俗的解释，承接前文，其中的This指代前文的areasthatexperiencetheleastamountofmovement。故选G。【20题详解】前文“Manychildrenfeelbetterassoonasthevehicletheyareridinginstops,andthey’reabletogetoutandwalkaround.(许多孩子在他们乘坐的车辆一停下来就感觉好多了，他们可以下车四处走走)”指出普遍情况下，孩子们的晕动病持续时间较短，后文“Insomechildren,motionsicknesssymptomscanlastforseveralhours.(有些孩子的晕动病症状会持续几个小时)”表明也有例外的持续时间长的情况。因此B项“However,thisisn’talwaysaguarantee.(然而，这并不总是一个保证)”符合语境，指出停车并非一定保证减轻晕动病症状，和前文是转折关系，引出与之相反的情况。故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2014,asophomorestudentattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtswentwithfriendsforabirthday___21___toBeijingZoo.Littledidheknowthatachance___22___attheaquariumtherewouldbringalifelong___23___.AsXuYitanggazeduponvarietiesofcorals(珊瑚),asenseofwonder___24___him.Lostinthebeautyandmysteryofthecreatures,hespenttheentireafternooninfrontofit.Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium,hebeganto___25___thelocalmarkettolearnaboutcoralfarmingfrom___26___whosellplants,fish,andcorals.Healsosearchedforinformationonline.Beforelong,hehadsetupasmallfishtankandstarted____27____acoral.“Thecoralisquite___28___andhasextremelyhighrequirementsforwaterquality,”recallsXu.“WhenIstartedgrowingcoral,its___29___wasnotgood.”AsXugainedknowledgeaboutcoral,includinghowto___30___factorslikewatertemperature,pHlevelsandtraceelementconcentrations(微量元素)duringthecultivationprocess,hiscoralgraduallystartedto___31___.Asheknewmoreaboutthecreature,helearnedthatcoralr