新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记 Lesson34全套

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson34【课文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.听录音，然后回答以下问题。Whatdoadolescentsrespectinparents?Parentsareoftenupsetwhentheirchildrenpraisethehomesoftheirfriendsandregarditasaslurontheirowncooking,orcleaning,orfurniture,andoftenarefoolishenoughtolettheadolescentsseethattheyareannoyed.Theymayevenaccusethemofdisloyalty,ormakesomespitefulremarkaboutthefriends'parents.Suchlossofdignityanddescentintochildishbehaviouronthepartoftheadultsdeeplyshockstheadolescents,andmakethemresolvethatinfuturetheywillnottalktotheirparentsabouttheplacesorpeopletheyvisit.Beforeverylongtheparentswillbecomplainingthatthechildissosecretiveandnevertellsthemanything,buttheyseldomrealizethattheyhavebroughtthisonthemselves.Disillusionmentwiththeparents,howevergoodandadequatetheymaybebothasparentsandasindividuals,istosomedegreeinevitable.Mostchildrenhavesuchahighidealoftheirparents,unlesstheparentsthemselveshavebeenunsatisfactory,thatitcanhardlyhopetostanduptoarealisticevaluation.Parentswouldbegreatlysurprisedanddeeplytouchediftheyrealizedhowmuchbelieftheirchildrenusuallyhaveintheircharacterandinfallibility,andhowmuchthisfaithmeanstoachild.Ifparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthatthechildwasgrowingupanddevelopingvaluablepowersofobservationandindependentjudgment,theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.Theadolescent,withhispassionforsincerity,alwaysrespectsaparentwhoadmitsthatheiswrong,orignorant,oreventhathehasbeenunfairorunjust.Whatthechildcannotforgiveistheparent'srefusaltoadmitthesechargesifthechildknowsthemtobetrue.Victorianparentsbelievedthattheykepttheirdignitybyretreatingbehindanunreasoningauthoritarianattitude;infacttheydidnothingofthekind,butchildrenwerethentoocowedtoletthemknowhowtheyreallyfelt.Todaywetendtogototheotherextreme,butonthewholethisisahealthierattitudebothforthechildandtheparent.Itisalwayswiserandsafertofaceuptoreality,howeverpainfulitmaybeatthemoment.DOTIDOFLUMJourneyThroughAdolescence【Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语】adverseadj.不利的adolescencen.青春期slurn.抵毁adolescentn.青少年(12-18岁)disloyaltyn.不忠实spitefuladj.恶意的，怀恨的dignityn.端庄，高贵，尊严disillusionmentn.幻灭感evaluationn.评价infallibilityn.一贯正确resentv.怨恨sincerityn.诚挚victorianadj.维多利亚式的retreatv.后退unreasoningadj.不凭理智的authoritarianadj.专制的cowv.吓唬【课文注释】1.slurn.诽谤,耻辱,污点,污迹例句：Hetooktheremarksasasluronhisreputation.他把这些话当作是对他的名誉的中伤。Shehaddaredtocastasluronhischaracter.她竟敢对他的人品加以诋毁。2.spitefuladj.恶意的,怀恨的例句：Walter'sspitefulremarkswerequiteuncalledfor.沃尔特恶意的话完全是多余的。Hehadbeenaspitefulsortofman.他是一个善于怀恨的男人。3.descentn.①下降,下坡例句：Therewasadescentoftemperatureafterrain.雨后气温下降了。②家世,血统例句：Hetraceshisdescentbacktoanoldnormanfamily.他追踪自己的世系上溯至一个古老的诺曼家族。4.onthepartof在......一边例句：Contentment,onhispart,tooknovulgarform.就他而言，满足从来没有以庸俗的方式表现出来。5.resolvev.①决定例句：Heresolvedthatnothingshouldholdhimback.他下决心不让任何事情阻挡他。②解决例句：Intensiveeffortsarebeingmadetoresolvethedispute.现正全力以赴来解决这场纠纷。③分解例句：Wecanresolvetheproblemintomoreelementaryitems.我们能够把这个问题分解成更基本的细目。【词义辨析】decide,determine,resolve,settle这些动词都含“决定”之意。decide:侧重指经过思考、比较、讨论或询问之后做出的决定。determine:指经过深思熟虑，决心去做某事并坚持施行。resolve:语气较强，强调以坚定不移的信念去做或不做某事，暗含有远大抱负和坚强决心。settle:指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后作出明确的最终结论。resolution,decision,determination,resolve这些名词均含“决定、决心”之意。resolution:指自觉地正式表示的决心，含极强的主观能动意味，比如newyear'sresolution。decision:既可指重大的或一般的决定或决心，又可指在多种情况下作出果断的抉择，毫不犹豫地采取行动。determination:侧重坚定不移的顽强意志力。resolve:语气较强，强调克服感情上的软弱，下决心干具体的一件事。solve,resolve这两个动词均含“解决”之意。solve:普通用词，含义广，指为有一定难度的问题找到满意的解法或答复。resolve:主要指对问题或情况进行细微的分析或思索，以得出结论或解决途径。6.theyhavebroughtthisonthemselves他们是咎由自取7.standupto经得起例句：Thatiswhytheycannotstanduptoanyserioustest.这就是为什么他们经受不住任何严重的考验。Willthiscarstanduptowinterconditionshere?这汽车经得起这儿冬天的气候条件吗?8.retreatv.撤退，后退例句：Afterseveralreversestheenemywasforcedtoretreat.几经失败之后，敌军被迫后撤。9.cowvt.恐吓，吓唬例句：Thegeneralstriedtocowoppositiontotheirmilitaryrulebyimprisoningtheirleaders.这些将军通过监禁领导人来威吓反对军事统治的人。10.faceupto正视例句：Hemustfaceuptothefactthatheisnolongeryoung.他应该勇於正视自己不再年轻这一事实。【参考译文】当家长听到孩子赞扬自己朋友的家时，总感到不安，认为孩子在嫌弃自家的饭菜、卫生、或家具，而且愚蠢地让孩子看出自己的烦恼。他们甚至责备孩子不忠，或者讲些小朋友家长的坏话。家长这种有失身份和孩子气的作法使青春期的孩子大为震惊，决心以后不再向父母讲述去过的地方和见过的人。不要很久,家长就会抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告诉他们，殊不知这是他们自找的。不管家长的人品有多么好，作为父母有多么合格，孩子们对家长幻想的破灭在某种程度上是不可避免的。除非父母自身不能令人满意，大多数孩子对父母估价过高，以致这种估价很难指望经受住现实的考验。如果家长意识到孩子们通常是多么相信家长的品行和绝对正确，意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响，那么家长会大为吃惊和深受感动的。如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备，并且意识到这象征着孩子们正在成熟和正在发展宝贵的观察力、独立判