职称英语理工类b级模拟2

职称英语理工类B级模拟2

第1部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面

所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。q

1>Thenurseryisbrightandcheerful.

A.pleasantB.colorful

C.fashionableD.different

2、Heisbutachild.

A.probablyB・not

C.onlyD・hardly

3、Thepriceofvegetablesvariesaccordingtotheweather.

A.jumpsB.rises

C.fallsD.changes

4、Didyoudothattoirritateher?

A.teaseB.attract

C.annoyD.protect

5、TheoldladyletherflattoanEnglishcouple.

A.offeredB.rented

C.providedD.sold

6、Ashipwasreportedtobeindistressafewmilesoutatsea.

A.disorderB.formation

C.serviceD.danger

7、Youshouldcultivatethehabitofreadingcarefully

A.inventB.begin

C.developD.initiate

8、Mergethefollowingtwoshortsentencesintoonenewsentence.

A.SplitB.Combine

C.BreakD.Divide

9、Hishandwritingisflowingandgraceful.

A.pleasingB.formal

C.informalD.flowery

10、Thesisterscan*ttolerateeachother.

A.bearB.hate

C.likeD.criticize

11>Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth.

A.pulloutB.repair

C.takeD.dig

12>Thechild1sabnormalbehaviorpuzzledthedoctor.

A.funnyB.frightening

C.repeatedD.unusual

13、Gunpowderwasusedextensivelyinfirearmsprior(o1990.

A.inB.around

C.fromD.before

14、Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreeto

whichtheycanbedeliberatelycontrolledandmodified.

A.sufficientlyB.noticeably

C.intentionallyD.absolutely

15、Foreignmoneycanbeconvertedintothelocalcurrencyatthisbank.

AalteredB.changed

C•boughtD.sold

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

Megaplane（巨型飞机）

TheBoeingCorp.andEurope*sAirbusconsortium（财团）arepreparingto

offerbiggerairplanestotheworld*sairlines.Nowthattalksonajoint

projecthavebrokendown,Boeingispushingastretched（拓展的）versionof

the747,andAirbusisdesigninganall-newaircraft,knownastheA3XX.

Seating550passengersinthebasicmodelzand650inastretchedversion,

the1.2millionpoundA3XXwillnotonlybethelargestairplaneintheworld,

butitwillalsobeoneofthemostadvanced.Theouterwingsandthehorizontal

stabilizer（asbigasasmallerjet'swing）willbemadeofcarbon-fibercomposite

materialszandwillbethelargestsuchstructuresonanyaircraftexcept

theB-2stealthbomber（隐形轰炸机）.Metalskinswillbewelded（焊接）together

withlasers,removingthousandsoffasteners.

WhenastrongwindstrikestheA3XX*s260-footwing,movablecontrolsurfaces

willpreventitfromflexing（扭曲）likeagiantspring.Thiswillmakethe

ridesmootherandwillsaveweightbyreducingtheloadonthewingspars

（翼梁）・Aflexible-skinnedflap（副翼）willsubtlychangethewing1scurvature

（曲面）tomatchtheairplane*schangingweightasitburnsfueloneachjourney.

TheA3XXwillcarryupto1z600meals,fillingmorethan100foodandbeverage

（饮料）carts.TomakemoreroomforpassengerszAirbusplanstoputthecarts

inthelowerhold；automaticconveyorsandelevatorswilldeliverthemto

thetwopassengerdecks.AirlineshaveaskedAirbustolookatextrafeatures

rangingfromlower-decksleepercabinstoachildren*splayroom.

AirbusexpectstooffertheA3XXtoairlinesin1998zanddeliverthefirst

aircraftin2003.

16>ThebasicmodelofA3XXcancarrymorethan500passengers.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>A3XXwillflyfasterwhileconsuminglessoil.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>A3XXwillbebiggerthantheB-2stealthbomber.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、NofastenerswillbeusedinbuildingA3XXbecauseallcomponentswill

beweldedtogether.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、ThewingofA3XXwillnotbespoiledwhenitisstrickenbyastrongwind

becauseitssurfacesaredesignedtobemovable.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Airbusplanstobuildamini-restaurantinthelowerholdofA3XX.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、ThefirstA3XXwillbeavailablein2003.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中

为第3〜6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4

个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

ElectromagneticEnergy

1.Whitelightseemstobeacombinationofallcolors.Theenergythat

comesfromasourceoflightisnotlimitedtothekindofenergyyoucan

see.Heatisgivenoffbyaflameoranelectriclight.Onacloudydayit

ispossibletogetasunburneventhoughyoufeelcool.Visiblelightand

thekindsofenergythatproducewarmthandsunburnareexamplesof

electromagneticenergy.

2.Thesunis93millionmilesfromtheearth.Yetwecanuseenergyfrom

thesunbecauseelectromagneticenergytravelsthroughspace.

3.Manyotherkindsofenergyarealsotypesofelectromagneticenergy.

Radio,television,andradarsignalstravelfromtransmitterstoreceivers

aslow-energyelectromagneticwaves.Infrared（红外线的）radiationisan

electromagneticwave.Whenitisabsorbedbymatter,heatisproduced.Waves

ofinfraredandvisiblelighthavemoreenergythanwavesofradio,television,

orradar.Ultravioletrays（紫夕卜线）andX-raysareelectromagneticwaveswith

evengreateramountsofenergy.Infraredradiationisusedincookingfood

andheatingbuildings.Sunlightandelectriclightsarepartofourrequirements

fornormalliving.Ultravioletradiationisusefulinkillingcertaindisease

organisms.X-raysandgammarayshavesomuchenergythattheytravelright

throughsolidobjects.Theycanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.X-rays

areusedinindustrytofindhiddencracksinmetal,andinmedicinetoreveal

brokenbones.

4.Usuallyweuseelectricitytogenerateelectromagneticenergy.Thesource

ofmostofourenergyisthesun.Heatfromthesuncauseswatertoevaporate.

Whenthewaterfallstotheearthasrain,someofitistrappedbehinddams

andthenusedtooperateelectricgenerators.Othergeneratorsarepowered

bycoalzbuttheenergystoredincoalcamefromthesun,too.

5.Untilrecently,thesourceofthetremendousamountofenergygiven

offbythesunwasapuzzle.Ifthesundependedonchemicalreactionszit

wouldhaveusedupallitsenergylongago.Experimentswithelectromagnetic

radiationledtothetheorythatmasscanbeconvertedintoenergy.About

fortyyearsafterthetheorywasproposed,nuclearenergywasharnessed（利

用）byman.Chemicalenergycomesfromelectron（电子）rearrangement.Nuclear

energycomesfromachangeinthenucleusofanatom.Comparedwithchemical

reactions,nuclearreactionsreleasemillionsoftimesmoreenergyperpound

offuel.Wenowbelievethatthesun*senergycomesfromthenuclearreactions

inwhichhydrogenischangedintohelium（M）.

6.Nuclearenergyisbeginningtocompetewithcoalasaneconomicalsource

ofpowertogenerateelectricity.Itisalsobeingusedtooperateengines

inlargeships.Scientistscontinuetoseeknewandbettermethodsofobtaining

andusingenergy.

ANuclearReactionsastheLastingSourceoftheSun1sEnergy

BTheMostImportantSourceofEnergy

CTypesofElectromagneticEnergy

DheMachinesUsedforEnergyGeneration

ESeekingNewSourcesofEnergy

FTheUseofUltravioletRadiationinMedicine

23、Paragraph3_______

24、Paragraph4________

25、Paragraph5_______

26、Paragraph6_______

27、Awhenitisabsorbedbymatter

Bwhenitiscloudy

Cbecausetheycanpassthroughsolidobjects

Dwhenthesunraysarefierce

Ewhenachangeinthenucleusofanatomtakesplace

FwhenelectronrearrangementtakesplaceOnecangetasunburneven

28、Infraredradiationcanproduceheat

29、X-raysandgammarayscanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.

30、Chemicalenergyisgenerated.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根

据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

第一篇

AThirstyWorld

Theworldisnotonlyhungry,itisalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseem

strangetoyou,sincenearly75%oftileearth*ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.

Butabout97%ofthishugeamountissea-water,orsaltwater.Mancanonly-

drinkandusetheother3%-thefreshwaterthatcomesfromrivers,lakes,

underground,andothersources.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,because

someofitIsintheformoficebergs（冰ill）andglaciers（冰川）.Evenworse,

someofithasbeenpolluted.

Atthemoment,thissmallamountoffreshwaterisstillenoughforus.

However,ourneedforwaterisincreasingrapidly.Onlyifwetakestepsto

dealwiththisproblemnowcanweavoidasevereworldwidewatershortage

lateron.Alimitedwatersupplywouldhaveabadeffectonagricultureand

industry.

Inadditiontostoppingwastingourpreciouswater,oneusefulstepwe

shouldtakeistodevelopwaysofreusingit,Experimentshavealreadybeen

doneinthisfield,butonlyonasmallscale.

Today,inmostlargecities,waterisusedonlyonceanditeventually

returnstotheseaorrunsintoundergroundstoragetanks.Butitispossible

topipewaterthathasbeenusedtoapurifying（净化）plant.Thereitcan

befiltered（过滤）andtreatedwithchemicalssothatitcanbeusedagain

justasifitwerefreshfromaspring.

Butevenifeverylargecitypurifiedandreuseditswater,westillwould

nothaveenough.Wherecouldweturnnext?Totheoceans!Allwe*dhaveto

dotomakeuseofthevastamountofsea-wateris-removethesalt.This

salt-removingprocessisalreadyinuseinmanypartsoftheworld.

1

Soifwetakeallthesestepszwe11beinnodangerofdryingup!

31>Thephrase"theworld*1inthefirstlineofthepassagerefersto

A."man”.

B.nyou11.

C.'*woman.

D."they".

32、Whatpercentageoftheearth*swatercanmanactuallyuseatpresent?

A.Nearly75percent.

B.About97percent.

C.Exactly3percent.

D.Lessthan3percent.

33、Accordingtothepassage,wecanavoidaworldwidewatershortageinthe

futurezby

A.increasingrainfall.

B.musingwaterandutilizingsea-water.

C.cuttingdownourconsumptionofwater.

D.reducingthenumberoffactoriesproducingsteel.

34、Whichofthefollowingstatements,accordingtothepassage,isNOTtrue?

A.Alimitedwatersupplywillaffectindustrialproduction.

B.Everylargecitypurifiesandreusesitswater.

C.Purifiedwaterisnotexactlyasfreshasspringwater.

D.Oceansarethelargestwatersource.

35、Accordingtothepassagezsea-watercanbeturnedintofreshwaterby

A.heatingitup.

B.treatingitwithchemicals.

C.takingsaltoutofit.

D.dryingitup.

弟一^扁

NonverbalThinkinginEngineering

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience.However,

theirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredetermined

bytechnologists,designers,inventors,andengineersusingnonscientific

modesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologist

thinksaboutcannotbereducedtoclearverbaldescriptions；theyaredealt

withinthemindbyavisualznonverbalprocess.Pyramidszcathedralszand

rocketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermo-dynamics（动力学）,butbecause

theywerefirstthepictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist1smindcanbeseeninnearly

everyartifact（人工制品thatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselenginez

atechnologistmightexpressindividual（个人的）waysofnonverbalthinking

onthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitive（直觉的）senseofrightness

andfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber（燃烧室）?Where

shouldthevalves（阀）beplaced?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthat

aresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirementzbylimitationsofavailable

space,andnotintheleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswall

thicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculationszbutthe

nonscientificcomponentdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementofengineering

curricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,

involvesperceptions,whichisthespecialtechniqueoftheartist,notthe

scientist.BecauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoneedHhardthinking",

nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopment

ofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalmathematicalthought.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalytical（分析的）engineering

curriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solvingz

arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurring

inadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodesofhigh-speedrailroad

carsloadedwithhigh-techcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstorm

becausethefansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Randomfailuresthat

bringautomaticcontrolsystemsintotroubleareareflectionofthechaos

thatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

36、Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith

A.themodesofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists.

B.theimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.

C.thenewrolefornonscientificthinkinginengineering.

D.thedifferencebetweenthegoalsofengineersandthoseoftechnologists.

37、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanexampleinvolvingnonverbal

thinkinginparagraphs1and2?

A.Buildingcathedrals.

B.Creatingrockets.

C.Designingdieselengines.

D.Makingboats.

38、Theexampleofthedieselengineisusedinthepassagetoillustratethat

A.errorsinengineeringdesignareunavoidable.

B.thenonscientificcomponentdesignisprimary.

C.mathematicsisanecessarypartofthestudyofdesign.

D.designcoursesformapartofengineeringcurricula.

39、Itcanbeinferredthatthewriterthinksthatengineeringcurriculaare

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.

B.weakenedbythecoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills.

C.weakbecausetheyincludesomenonscientificcomponents.

D.strongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking.

40、Whatcontributestorandomfailuresinautomaticcontrolsystems?

A.Usingtoomanyinexperiencedengineersinthefield.

B.Attachingtoomuchimportancetononverbalthinkinginengineering.

C.Relyingtooheavilyontheroleofmathematicsindesign.

D.Dependingverylittleonverbalmathematicalthought.

第三篇

BlackHoles

Whatisablackhole?Well,it*sdifficulttoanswerthisquestion,since

thetermswenormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequate

here,Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace

（notathing）intowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape—not

evenlight.Sowecan11seeablackhole.Ablackholeexerts（施力口）astrong

gravitational（重力的）pullandyetithasnomatter.Itisonlyspace—orso

wethink.Howcanthishappen?

Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoa

particularpoint；they"collapse"andsometimesasupernova（超新星）occurs.

Thecollapseofastarmayproducea"WhiteDwarf（白矮星）"ora"neutronstar11—a

starwhosematterissodensethatitcontinuallyshrinksbytheforceof

itsowngravity.Butifthestarisverylargethisprocessofshrinkingmay

besointensethatablackholeresults.Imaginetheearthreducedtothe

sizeofamarblezbutstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitational

pull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.Anymatternear

theblackholeIssuckedin.ItisimpossibletosaywhathappensInsidea

blackhole.

Ourspaceandtimelawsdon11seemtoapplytoobjectsintheareaofa

blackhole.Einstein*srelativitytheoryistheonlyonethatcanexplain

suchphenomena.Einsteinclaimedthatmatterandenergyareinterchangeablez

HH

sothatthereisnoabsolutetimeandspacezTherearenoconstantsatallz

andmeasurementsoftimeandspacedependonthepositionoftheobserver—

theyarerelative.Einstein*stheoryprovidedabasisfortheideaofblack

holesbeforeastronomersstartedtofindsomeevidencefortheirexistence.

Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblack

holes.

Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinary

（由两部分组成的）starsystems.Insomebinarystarsystemszastronomershave

shownthatthereisaninvisiblecompanionstar,a"partner"totheonewhich

wecanseeinthesky.Thereisonestar,calledbyitscataloguenumberHDE

226868,whichmusthaveaPartner.Thispartnerstar,itseemszhasamass

tenortwentytimesgreaterthanthesun—yetwecan*tseeit.Matterfrom

HDE226868isbeingdraggedtowardsthiscompanionstar.Couldthisinvisible

star,whichexertssuchagreatforce,beablackhole?Astronomershaveevidence

ofafewotherstarstoo,whichmighthaveblackholesascompanions.

41、WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTfitthedefinitionoftheblackhole?

A.Theblackholeisaregionofspace.

B.Theblackholesucksinanyobjectthatpassesbyit.

C.Theblackholeisvisiblethroughaninfraredtelescope.

D.Theblackholehasnomatter.

42、Whydoestheauthorput"neutronstarHinquotationmarks?

A.Itisaspecialtermofastronomy.

B.Itisaninventedterm.

C.Heisquotinganauthority.

D.Heisusingthetermironically.

43、Whatleadstotheformationofablackhole?

A.Thestructureofastar.

B.Acollisionbetweentwostars.

C.Theattractionoftwolargestars.

D.Theshrinkingofalargestarbyitsowngravitationalforce.

44、AccordingtoEinstein1stheory,objectsintheareaofablackhole

A.aregatheredinitscenter.

B.strikeagainstoneanotherfrequently.

C.donothaveabsolutespace.

D.arerelativelybrighter.

45、Welearnfromthispassagethat

A.thesunistheheavieststarintheuniverse.

B.astarintheskymighthaveaninvisiblepartner.

C.twoblackholesaredraggedtowardseachother.

D.themassofastarisequaltothatofitscompanion.

第5部分：补全短文

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择

5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

HowtoInterviewPeople

Interviewing（采访）isoneofthoseskillsthatyoucanonlygetbetter

at.Youwillneveragainfeelsoiiiateaseaswhenyoutry.itforthefirst

time,andprobablyyou111neverfeelenti