时态语态复习

一、动词时态动词的时态即时间和状态。英语的时态从时间上来看，可分为“现在”，“过去”，“将来“和”过去将来“四大类。状态为一般、进行、完成和完成进行四类。动词共有十六种不同时态，但常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时

时间状态现在过去将来过去将来一般动原过去式will/shall+动原would/should+动原进行am/is/are+现分was/were+现分will/shall+be现分完成have/has+过分had+过分完成进行have/hasbeen+现分一般现在时1.表示经常发生的动作(习惯性的动作)或存在的状态.常always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday等词连用.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Hesometimesgoestoseeafilmwithhisparents.2.

表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间限制)TheEnglishteachersaidthattheearthmoves

aroundthesun.

TheNo.5trainleavesat10:30OurholidaybeginsinJuly.

3.表示根据计划或时间表将要进行的动作.4.在有时间状语或条件状语从句的主从符复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时态.Ifyouaren’thereontimetomorrow,Iwillwritetoyourparents.2、谓语构成

1)肯定句：谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数

Tom’sparents_____toworkbybikeeveryday.goLiTao_______Englisheverymorning.studies2)否定句：谓语用don’t/doesn’t加动词原形构成She____________(notwatch)TVintheevening.doesn’twatch3)一般问句：用Do或Does加陈述句（谓语动词用原形）

---______he_______(work)inaplasticfactory?---No,hedoesn’t.Doeswork

(4)特殊问句：疑问词加一般问句

---___________doyouwritetohim?

---Onceamonth.Howoften

(1)Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonroads_____risingthesedays.(06全国卷)A.waskeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping一般过去时1．表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,in1990,twodaysago,lastweek/year/night,thedaybeforeyesterday,justnow,atthattime

等表示过去的时间状语连用。I2．表示过去发生的一连串动作，如：Themonkeyjumpedoffthetree,pickedupabigstoneand______(throw)itatus.threw3．表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与everyday,often,sometimes,regularly等时间状语连用，“usedto+动词原形”或“would+动词原形”常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，如：1).Heusedtowalkalongtheroadaftersupper.

2).Hewouldsitthereforhourssometimes,doingnothingatall.

4．在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用一般过去时态表示过去将要发生的动作.Hesaidhewouldcometoseemeifhegothere.2、谓语构成

1）肯定句：谓语用动词的过去式

Yesterday,

I_____toashopand_______apen.

wentbought2）否定句：助动词didn’t加动词原形

She________(take)anymoneywithherthatday.didn’t

take3）一般问句：助动词Did加陈述句（动词用原形）

---____you_____tothecinemalastnight?---No,Ididn’t.Didgo4）特殊问句：疑问词+一般问句

---___________youfindyourkey?---I_______itundermydesk.Wheredidfound1).MycousinwenttoCanadatwoyearsago.He_______thereforafewmonthsandthenwenttoAmerica.(06江西)A．workedB.wouldworkwouldbeworkingD.hasbeenworking(2)ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards_______forentertainmentandeducation.(06辽宁)A．werebeingdesignedB.havedesignedC.havebeendesignedD.weredesigned一般将来时态

1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,nexttime…Youwillbeaseniorstudentsthisterm.2.口语中常用begoingto+do表示已经决定或安排要做的事情;表示有迹象表明必然或可能发生的事情.It’sgoingtorain.I’mgoingtomeetherat7:00.3.英语中还用beto+…或beabouttodo表示将要发生的事情Themeetingistobeheldtomorrow.Thefilmisabouttobegin.

一般将来时句子结构

主语

+shall\will+do（客观）主语+is\am\are\goingto+do（主观）主语+beto+do主语+beaboutto+do1）肯定句2）否定句：will/shall加

not——won’t/shan’tHe________cometothepartytomorrow.

won’tWill_________wehaveabreak?Shall3）一般问句：将will提到句首（第一人称用shall

）

________yougototheSummerPalacewithus?4）疑问词+

一般问句

________ishegoingto

dotomorrowafternoon?What(1)——Yourjob_________openforyourreturn.——Thanks.(06北京)A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeepD.hadbeenkept(2)Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen_______andseehim.(05北京)A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome现在进行时1、现在进行时用法：

1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作

Iamteachingandyouarelisteningtome.

2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作

Heiswritingabookthisweek.

3）与always

、constantly等连用表示主观色彩

Thegirlisalwayssmilinghappily.Youarealwaysmakingthesamemistake.4）现在进行时表将来在go、come、leave、return等表示位移的词可用现在进行时表最近计划或安排的动作

Sheiscomingtoseeyoutomorrow.

2）否定句在be动词后加not

一般问句只需把be动词提到句首

They_____________(not,play)football.They_____________(play)basketball.arenotplayingareplaying---____she_______(do)herhomeworknow?---No,sheisn’t.she___________(write)aletter.Isdoingiswriting---Who____ourteacher______(talk)with?---He___________withmyfather.istalkingistalking2、谓语构成：

be动词(am,is,are)+

现在分词

Tom’smother___________(watch)TVandhisfather_____________(read)newspaper.iswatchingisreading(2)Listentothetwogirlsbythewindow.Whatlanguage________?(05全国卷Ⅲ)A.didtheyspeakB.weretheyspeakingC.aretheyspeakingD.havetheybeenspeaking过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。过去进行时的时间状语常用，ateightyesterdaymorning,from7:00to

9:00lastnight过去进行时可用来叙述过去经常或反复发生的动作一些表示位移、方向的动作用过去进行时表示过去将来发生的动作表示说话人过去对主语的行为表示的“赞叹”或“厌恶”等，常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用谓语构成

be动词(was,were)+

现在分词

a.She___________(see)afilmwithherfriendthistimeyesterday.

wasseeingb.We____________footballwhenitbegantorain.wereplaying(2)Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstoknowwhatshe_______.(05辽宁)A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.wasdoingD.isdoing现在完成时1、现在完成时用法：

1）表示动作已经完成（强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果）

Ihavefinishedmywork.Hehasfoundhislostkey.

2）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态

Theyhaveworkedinthatfactoryfortenyears.2、谓语构成：助动词(have,has)+

过去分词

We__________onehundredappletreesthisyear.

haveplanted

2）否定句：在助动词(have,has)后加not——haven’t,hasn’t

I______________(not,finish)readingthenovel.

3、havebeen与havegone的区别

HehasbeentoWashingtontwice.去过

HehasgonetoWashington.

去了（现在不在这里）haven’tfinishedThemeetingwillbegininfiveminutesbutshe_____________(not,come)yet.

hasn’tcome3）一般问句：把助动词(have,has)提到句首

---______you______(hand)inyourhomework?---No,Ihaven’t.Havehanded---_____he_____(tell)youtheexcitingnews?---Yes,hehas.Hastold补充：现在完成时常用时间状语For+一段时间Since+时间点Since+一段时间+agoSince+从句SofarUptonowInrecentyearsOverthepastyearsForthelastthreeyearsInthepastthreeyears(1)We_____ournewneighborsyet,sowedon'tknowtheirnames.(06上海)A.don'tmeetB.won'tmeetC.haven'tmetD.hadn'tmet(2)Thewindowisdirty,Iknow.It_____forweeks.(o4全国)A.hasn'tcleanedB.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleanedLight_______(travel)fasterthansound.Ifyou______(work)hard,you’llsucceedinpassingtheexam.Thatpieceofmusicsoundsfamiliar.Who______(play)thepianoupstairs.Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyit______(be)prettygood.I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou________(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?travelsworkisplayingwasadvertised6.We_________(leave)veryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.7.We__________(watch)anewmoviewhensuddenlythelightswentout.8.ThisisthebestnovelthatI___________(read)9.We____________(know)eachothersincewewerechildren.10.Itisthefirsttimeterroristorganizations_____________(target)France.11.Theradiosaysawildanimalzoois___________(build)inourcitynextyear.wereleavingwerewatchinghaveeverreadhaveknownhavetargetedtobebuilt动词的语态主动语态被动语态主语是动作的执行者They

caughtthethiefstealingabike.主语是动作的承受者Thethief

wascaughtstealingabike.一、被动语态的构成：

be动词+

动词的过去分词二、各种时态的被动语态：

主动句变被动句：

a.主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语

b.被动句的谓语由“be+

原主动句谓语动词的过去分词”构成，由be

体现时态（语态变了，时态不能变）

c.主动句的主语变为by

的宾语，可省略

1、一般现在时：

Thedustmencleansthestreeteverymorning.Thestreetiscleanedbythedustmeneverymorning.Thestreetiscleanedeverymorning.am/is/are+

过去分词2、一般过去时：

Wehidtheballbehindthedoorlastnight.Theball_________behindthedoorbyuslastnight.was/were+

过去分词3、一般将来时：

Theywillplantsomepinetreesinthepark.Somepinetrees________________inthepark.willbe+

过去分词4、现在进行时：

Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeovertheriver.Anewbridge________________overtheriver.am/is/are+

being+过去分词5、现在完成时：

ChinahaslaunchedShenzhouⅤsuccessfully.

ShenzhouⅤ__________________successfully.have/has+

been+

过去分词washiddenwillbeplantedisbeingbuilthasbeenlaunched练习：变被动语态1.Sheaskedmetocomealittlelater.

Iwas

askedtocomealittlelater.2.Heshowedmethewaytothestation.

Iwas

shownthewaytothestation.3.

Youmustdoitrightnow.

Itmustbe

donerightnow.4.Theyare

buildinganewlibrarynearourhome.

Anewlibraryisbeing

builtnearourhome.5.Theyhavegivenusaverydifficultjob.

Wehavebeen

givenaverydifficultjob.6.Hewillshowusafewgoodfilms.

Wewillbe

shownafewgoodfilms.7.AlargenumberofpeoplecanspeakEnglishintheworldnow.

Englishcanbe

spokenbyalargenumberofpeopleintheworldnow.语法填空纯空格填空限定词（冠词、代词等）、介词、连词、It

、固定搭配提示词填空名词（单复数、不可数）、形容词和副词的比较级、动词（谓语动词三单时态语态、非谓语动词）、词性转换、固定搭配Heowned_______farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.Heaskedtheteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike_____?Ifwewanttoseeyouagain,wewillbe_____touch.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,_____someofthemlookedveryanxious.Wewerewalkingbythelake______mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.Thereare__________(organization)thatmatchvolunteerstoprojectsallovertheworld.Finally,thehardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_____(clean)thanbefore.aitinandwhenorganizationscleaner8.IwasinsuchahurrythatIforgot______(tell)you.9.Yangshuo_______(be)reallybeautiful.10.ItwasraininglightlywhenI_______（arrive）inYangshuo.11.T