2022年中考英语外研版总复习学案-专题十四宾语从句和定语从句

专题十四宾语从句和定语从句【考点一】宾语从句宾语从句的“三个要素”要素要点举例时态主句是现在时,从句根据实际情况确定Ithink(that)springisagreatseason.通常情况下,主句是过去时,从句用过去的某种时态Shesaidshewouldcometomyparty.从句表示客观真理时,总是用一般现在时Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearth.语序从句一律用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语”结构引导词that(在口语或非正式文体中常省略)Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.whether,if(在口语中常用if)Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.who,what,which,when,where,how,why等Doyouknowwhentheshopopenseveryday?【语法串记】巧记宾语从句的时态主句如是现在时,从句时态很随意;主句若是过去时,主从时态要一致;宾从表达是真理,一般现在没问题。巧记宾语从句的引导词that引导陈述句,省与不省没关系。从句含义为“是否”,就用if/whether来引导。特殊问句作宾语,原疑问词引导就可以;时态、语序要注意,切莫丢东忘了西。【考点二】定语从句在复合句中,修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后,但翻译成汉语时,要把修饰语放在前面。引导定语从句的词叫关联词,也叫引导词。如:先行词、关联词在句中的作用如下:先行词关联词作用举例人that,who,whom主语或宾语Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatiswearingaredcoat?(作主语)Idon’tknowthegirlwho/that/whomyouarewaitingfor.(作宾语)物that,which主语或宾语Theschoolbagthat/whichisonthedeskismine.(作主语)Theschoolthat/whichwevisitedisverybeautiful.(作宾语)人whose定语Theboywhosemotherisateacherstudiesveryhard.物whose定语Thehousewhosewindowisopenisverynice.时间when状语Istillrememberthedaywhenyoucomehere.地点where状语Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.原因why状语Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?【拓展迁移】1.当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。如:ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforShenzhen.刚开走的火车是开往深圳的。2.当先行词被序数词、最高级、不定代词或theonly,thelast,thesame等词修饰时,引导词一般用that,而不用which。如:Itisoneofthemostbeautifulfaces(that)Ihaveeverseen.【语法串记】只用that的情况theonly,thevery,thesame和疑问;既指人又表物,高级、不定和序数。【练真题】一、宾语从句专练(D)1.(2021·呼和浩特、包头中考)—Doyouknowhesaidattheparty?

—Goon—I’mallears.A.whyB.thatC.whichD.what(B)2.(2021·绥化中考)HesaidthathetoBeijingthenextmonth.

A.travel B.wouldtravel C.travels(C)3.(2021·十堰中考)—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Heaskedme.

A.howcouldIworkitoutB.whendidIgotothelibraryC.whyIlookedunhappythenD.whoIamwaitingfor(B)4.(2020·山西中考)—InMay,PresidentXiJinpingspokehighlyofthegreatchangesoftheFenheRiverinTaiyuan.Iwonder.

—Everyoneshouldplayapartinmakingitcleanerandclearer.A.whichplaceshevisitedB.howwecanprotecttheriverC.whysuchchangeshavetakenplace(B)5.(2019·青海中考)—Whatdidyoulearningeographyclassyesterday?—Ilearnedthatthesunintheeast.

A.wasrising B.rises C.rose【明策略】一、宾语从句解题的三个“关键点”1.语序——陈述语序宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序,否则即为错误。2.时态——把握“三大原则”(1)需要性原则。即主句是现在时,从句时态据实际需要而定。(2)呼应性原则。即主句为过去时,从句应用过去的某种时态。(3)特殊性原则。即从句若是客观真理,无论主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。3.引导词——看答语即根据答语来判断引导词:如问内容用what,问时间用when/whattime,问地点用where,问原因用why,问方式用how等。二、定语从句专练(B)1.(2021·乐山中考)—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReader,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogrammebringsthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.

A.who B.that C.what(B)2.(2021·十堰中考)ThisisthefirstbirthdaygiftIreceived.I’vekeptitmanyyears.

A.which B.that C.who D.what(B)3.(2021·绥化中考)Ilikesmartclothesaremadeofsilk.

A.who B.which C.what(D)4.(2021·黄冈中考)—Whatcanwedofortheleft-homechildreninthevillageneedhelp?

—Wecouldhelpthemwiththeirstudyonlineonweekends.A.which B.whom C.whose D.who(B)5.(2021·铜仁中考)—Doyouknowtheboyhandwritingwonthefirstinthecompetition?

—Oh,heisWangWei,ourmonitor.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which二、选定语从句的引导词要“三看”一看指人还是物1.指人用that,who,whom;2.指物用that,which。二看在句中作什么成分1.作主语用who,