【高二 拓展阅读-科技】Robot Wars-New Machines for the Battlefield

RobotWars--NewMachinesfortheBattlefieldAsmoreandmoreunmanned（无人的）drones（遥控飞机）areusedinconflictsthequestionarises：Willthenextwarbefoughtbyrobots？Unmannedairplanes，boatsandlandvehiclesarealreadyusedtostriketargetsandgatherinformationwithoutapilotbeingnecessary.TodayalmostathirdofallmilitaryaircraftflownbyAmericansaredrones.Scientistsarenowworkingonrobotsthatcanfightontheground.Unmannedtanksandothervehiclesarebeingdesignedtoexploreenemyterritory，whilehumanscancontroltheirmovesfromasafedistancetheycancollectinformationandintelligencewithoutputtinganysoldiersatrisk.Oneofthemainreasonsforunmannedweaponsistoreducecasualtiesonthebattlefield.AlthoughmostoftheseweaponshavebeenusedandtestedbytheUnitedStatesmilitary，theUSisnotaloneinthedevelopmentofsuchrobots.Alreadythereareover50nationsthathavestarteddevelopingrobotsformilitaryuse.Israelhasinstalledrobotmachinegunsalongtheirbordersbuttherearealwayshumanstheretodecidewhethertoshootornot.Whilearmedrobotsforcombatmissionsarestillsciencefictionthereareplanstodevelopmetalwarriors（战士）.Suchaninventiononthebattlefieldcouldgreatlychangehowwarsarefought,justliketheadventofgunpowderortheatomicbomb.Manymilitaryexperts,however,areagainstthedeployment（部署）ofsuchkillerrobots.Theyfinditunethicalandthinkthatwarsshouldstillbecarriedoutbyfightinghumans.Ontheotherside,awarwithkillermachineswouldbenomorebrutalthanitistoday.Inthepastyears,Americandroneshavekilledover2,000peopleinPakistanandAfghanistanTheuseofrobotsinwarsisrelativelycheap.Equippedwithhightechcomputerstheycangathermuchmoreinformationthanhumansandprocessitmorequickly.DroneshavesuccessfullybeenusedinAfghanistanandIraq.Remotecontrolledgroundrobotshavebeenhelpfulindiscoveringbombsandminesinwar-tornregions.Oneproblem,however,iswhomakesthedecisionsincombatsituations.Asrobotsbecomemoresophisticated,itcouldbemoredifficulttofindoutwhopulledthetriggerandwhoisresponsibleforanattack.Inaddition,countriesusingsuchhigh-techunmannedweaponsmayattackmorequicklyasrobotsoldiersandweaponsmeanfewercasualtiesandbetterchancesofsuccess.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Mostofmodernwarsarefoughtbyrobots.B.Nounmanneddroneshavebeenusedinrealconflicts.C.Unmannedairplanescanonlybeusedtogatherinformation.D.About1/3ofallmilitaryaircraftflownbyAmericansaredrones.2.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthemainreasonsforunmannedweapons?A.Toreducemilitaryexpenditure.B.Tocompetewithothercountries.C.Toreducecasualtiesonthebattlefield.D.Thearticledoesnotsay.3.Whichcountryhasrobotmachinegunsalongtheborders?A.TheUnitedstates.B.PakistanIraq.D.Isral.4.Whichhavebeenhelpfulindiscoveringbombsandminesinwar-tornregions?A.Robotmachineguns.B.Remotecontrolledgroundrobots.C.Unmannedairplanes.D.Landvehicles.5.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Over60nationshavestarteddevelopingrobotsformilitaryuse.B.Theuseofrobotsinwarsisrelativelycheap.C.Scientistsarenowworkingonrobotsthatcanfightontheground.D.Humanscancontrolunmannedtanksandothervehiclesfromasafedistance.Vocabulary基础词conflict n.冲突；战斗；矛盾ⅵ.冲突，抵触记词根记忆：con（共同）+ct（打击）→双方互相打击→冲突搭theconflictbetweentraditionandinnovation.传统与创新之间的矛盾arise vi.[arose-arisen]（问题、困难等）出现；发生；（由…）引起（产生）记词根记忆：a（表加强）+rise（出现））出现strike vi.[struck-struck]袭击；打；撞击；罢工n.罢工英amilitaryattack，especiallyanairattacktarget n.目标；靶子；受批评的对象v.瞄准；以…为目标记联想记忆：tar（音似：她）}get得到）得到她的青睐是我的目标→目标gather v.搜集；集合；聚集英tocollectseveralthings，oftenfromdifferentplacesorpeople例Ittakesmemonthstogatherevidence.我花了数月时间搜集证据。pilot n.飞行员；领航员记发音记忆：“派了他”→派了他去领航→领航员；飞行员military adj.军事的；军队的；军用的英connectedwithsoldiersorthearmedforces记词根记忆：mt战斗）+ary（…的）→战斗相关的→军事的intelligence n.情报；情报人员；智力，才智；智慧记词根记忆：intel（=inter，在…之间）+lig（选择）+ence（表名词）选择有用的信息→情报weapon n.武器英anyobjectusedinfightingorwar，suchasagunbomb，sword，etc搭holdaweapon持有武器shoot vt.[shot-shot]射杀；开（枪）搭shootattheenemy向敌人射击mission n.任务；职责；使命记联想记忆：电影《碟中谍》MissionImpossible直译为《不可能完成的任务》bomb n.炸弹；爆炸ⅵ.轰炸记发音记忆：“砰”→炸弹爆炸的声音→炸弹；爆炸Vocabulary进阶词territory n.领土，版图；（个人、群体、动物等占据的）领域，地盘记词根记忆：ter（地）+itory（表地点）→领土；领域搭huntingterritory狩猎领地come/gowiththeterritory成为必然的结果（或部分）casualty n.伤亡（人员）英apersonwhoiskilledorinjuredinwarorinanaccident记词根记忆：cas（落下，降临）+ual+ty（表情况）→突然降临→伤亡事故搭casualtyinsurance意外伤害保险install v.安置，安装记词根记忆：in（进入）+sta（放）→放进→安置例Thismorningthecarpentersinstalledthenewkitchencabinets.今天上午木匠安装了新的厨柜。border n.边缘；边界v.与…接壤；接近，毗邻记联想记忆：b+ordert（命令）凘听从命令不许出边界→边界combat n.战斗，搏斗v.战斗，与搏斗；防上英fightingorafight，especiallyduringatimeofwar记词根记忆：com（表加强）+bat（打）战斗搭combatmissions战斗任务armedcombat武装斗争advent到来，来临；出现记词根记忆：ad（表加强）+vent（来）→到来atomic adj.原子（能）的记词根记忆：atom（原子）+ic（…的）→原子的u