Unit7SectionA被动语态讲解及练习2023-2024学年人教版九年级英语全册

被动语态讲解及练习（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken一般将来时：will／shallbe＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋spoken过去进行时：was/werebeing＋spoken现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋spoken过去完成时：hadbeen+spoken（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.（四）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.（五）特殊情况。1.不及物动词无被动语态。如appear,disappear,fail,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,etrue,takeplace…(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这些动词主语以物居多，谓语动词一般表示主语的性质和特征。这类动词有许多，如:read，write，clean，cook，cut，wear，carry…Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to.一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。seesbdosth（主动语态）sbbeseentodo（被动语态）一感二听三使（使役动词）四看feelhear、listentomake、let、have（马兰花）see、watch、notice、observe例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.→Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。常带双宾语的词有：tell、show、lend、pass、give、buy等。Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan'tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.6.一些表示状态的动词没有被动语态。如：have,belongto等。例如：1)Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.=Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.2)Yououghttotakeitaway.=Itoughttobetakenaway.3)Theyshoulddoitatonce.=Itshouldbedoneatonce（六）常见的句型结构：Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......Itis(was)wellknownthat......众所周知Itis(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)被动语态专项练习一、单项选择1．21．（2020·山东滨州市·中考真题）—WillyougotoLisa'shousewarmingpartynextSunday?—Well,ifI_,Iwillgoontime.A．invite B．willinvite C．aminvited D．willbeinvited2.（2020·广西百色市·中考真题）Moretreeseveryyeartomakeourcitygreener.A．isplanted B．areplanted C．wasplanted D．wereplanted3．（2020·内蒙古呼和浩特市·中考真题）Mymotherreadingbooksathome__invitedtodinnersattimes.A．preferred;tobeing B．preferredto;ratherthanC．preferred;thanbeing D．preferred;tobe4．（2020·贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州·中考真题）WiththedevelopmentofChina,Chinese_bymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.A．speaks B．isspoken C．speak D．isspeaking5．（2020·贵州毕节市·中考真题）Theairpollutionisveryseriousinourcity.Somethingaboutitnow.A．cando B．mustdo C．wasdone D．mustbedone6．（2019·四川宜宾市·中考真题）TheticketsforTheWanderingEarth_well,andtheywillsoon.A．aresold;sellout B．aresold;soldout C．sell;besoldout7．（2019·四川达州市·中考真题）﹣Wherewillthe2022WinterOlympics，Cindy？﹣InBeijing，thecapitalofChina，thefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympics．A．betakenplaceB．takeplaceC．takepart D．betakenpart8．（2020·金昌市第七中学九年级其他模拟）Yourbikeneedsatonce.A．repair B．repairing C．berepaired D．torepair9．（2020·黑龙江哈尔滨市·九年级零模）—WouldyoupleasesaysomethingaboutthebookLittleWomen?—OK,thisbookiswellworth__.Itisaboutfoursistersgrowingup.A．toberead B．beingreading C．reading10.（2018·海南中考39.）Lookatthetreesonbothsidesofthestreets.They______lastspring.A.planted B.wereplanted C.wereplanting11.(2018·临沂20.)Jane_______tocallmelastnight,butshedidn’t.A.supposedB.supposesC.wassupposedD.issuppose12.（2018·重庆B卷32.）—Who’sthelittlegirlinthephoto,Laura?—It’sme.Thisphoto_____whenIwasfive.istaken B.takes C.wastaken D.took二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.It’ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths.2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now.3.Whichlanguage______________themostwidely______________（speak）intheworld?4.Thelostboy______________（notfind）sofar.5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down.6.Thestudents______________often______________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______________(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits______________(sell)inthisshop.9.—What______________knives______________(make)of?—They______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.10.Canthemagazine______________(take)outofthelibrary?1.(2020・北京中考)ThekiteinChinamorethan2,000yearsago.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented2.(2019年湖南长沙中考)Perfectphotos!Goodskills!Thankyou.They__________bymyHuaweimobilephone.Infact,Iamnotskillfulatall.A.tookB.weretakenC.willbetaken3.(2019年云南昆明中考)Withtherapidprogressinhightechnology,5G___aroundmostpartsofChinainthenearfuture.A.isusedB.isusingC.willuseD.willbeused4.(2019年内蒙古呼伦贝尔中考)It’snotyourturnyet.Pleasewaitonthechairuntilyou________.A.arecallingB.willbecalledC.arecalledD.arebeingcalled5.Thesickboytothehospitalassoonaspossible.A.maybetaken B.mustbetaken C.wastaken D.can’tbetaken6.Thegirlthehomeworkthreetimesbyhermother.A.madetocopy B.wasmadecopy C.wasmadetocopy D.madecopy7.When_______theaccident________?A.was,happen B.did