聚焦期末复习学案 八年级英语下册

八年级英语（下）期末复习1当主语和宾语指的是同一个人或物时，宾语用反身代词。enjoyoneself(doingsth.)玩得开心/byoneself独自foroneself亲自/helponeselfto随便吃、随便用saytooneself心里想；自言自语/hurtoneself伤到某人自己/teachoneselfsth.＝learnsth.byoneself自学……cometooneself醒来反身代词的构成及用法第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself，herself，itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves巩固练习：1.Asteenagers，weshoulddoourownthingsby____________________．2.Theywenttothemuseumyesterdayandenjoyed____________________．2could和should的用法could表示建议，意为“可以”，可以用may代替，但是could语气更委婉。should表示建议，意为“应该”，其否定形式为shouldn't。巩固练习：1.Sinceyourdictionaryisn'there,you____________________usemine.2.Asastudent,you____________________doyourhomeworkbyyourself.3.Tomakeabetterworld,we________helpthepeopleinneed.A．mayB．can C．shouldD．could3withoutprep.没有，缺乏without后接名词、代词宾格或v-ing作宾语，反义词为with。Eg.Shelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.她一句话没有说就离开了房间。without用于否定句，还可以表示条件，意为＂如果没有＂，相当于if引导的否定条件句。Eg.Wecouldn’tlivewithoutair.＝Wecouldn’tliveifthereweren’tair.如果没有空气，我们就不能活。巩固练习：()1.The＂teacher-freeexam＂meansthatstudentstaketheirexams_____teachers.Studentsmustbemorehonest.A.without B.against C.through D.by4lonelyadj.孤独的；寂寞的【易混辨析】lonely与alonelonely孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的形容词（adj.）定语或表语alone独自；单独形容词（adj.）或副词（adv.）作形容词时，只能作表语巩固练习：（）Whenyoufeelhelplessand_____________,justrememberyouarenot_____________intheworldbecauseyourfriendsarearoundyou.A.alone；alone B.alone；lonely C.lonely；alone5【易混辨析】hope与wish＂希望＂不同hopehopetodosth＂希望做某事＂Ihopetoseemypenpal,Lucy.hope+(that)从句＂希望……＂，常表示可以实现的愿望wishwishsbsth＂希望某人……＂，表示祝愿wishtodosth＂希望做某事＂wishsbtodosth＂希望某人做某事＂wish+（that）从句＂希望……＂，常表示不可能实现或实现的可能性较小的愿望hope和wish都可作名词，但hope意为＂希望＂；wish意为＂愿望；心愿；祝愿＂。【误区警示】hope后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接复合宾语。即我们可以表达为：hopetodosth，但不可以表达为hopesbtodosth。（）Thevolunteershope_____________somethingforthepoorchildrenintheWesternareas.A.todo B.doing C.did D.do6＂疑问词+不定式＂结构的用法（1）句中＂howtocareforanimals＂是＂疑问词+不定式＂结构作宾语，可以转化成宾语从句howIcancareforanimals。☞Childrenshouldlearnhowtocarefortheold.孩子们应该学习如何照顾老人。巩固练习：①请你告诉我如何使用这个电脑程序好吗？Couldyoupleasetellme_______________________________________thecomputerprogram?②我们还没有决定去哪里度假。Wehaven’tdecided_______________________________________onvacation.③问题是下一步该做什么。Theproblemis_______________________________________next.7.theminute...意为＂一……就……＂，句子时态遵从＂主将从现＂原则。＂主将从现＂原则，即主句若为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。同样用法的短语有：assoonas...。☞I’lltellhimtheminutehecomes.他一来我就告诉他。☞Wewillleaveassoonasitstopsraining＝Wewillleavetheminuteitstopsraining.雨一停，我们就动身离开。巩固练习：（）IwilldosomecleaningassoonasI______________myhomework.finish B.willfinish C.hasfinished D.finished8while作连词，意为＂在……期间；当……的时候＂，引导的从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。【知识拓展】while用法小结用法例句常用来引导时间状语从句，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生WhileIwasdoingmyhomeworklastnight,myparentswerewatchingTV.昨天晚上我在做作业时，我的父母在看电视。用作并列连词时，意为＂然而＂，表示对比Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothersdon’thaveenough.有些人浪费食物，然而有些人却没有足够的食物。作名词，意为＂一会儿；一段时间＂Weareoffforawhile.我们要离开一会儿。①你们做作业时，请不要闲聊。Pleasedon’tchat______________you’re______________yourhomework.②昨天我在公园里散步时，看到一只猫爬到了一棵高大的树上。_____________Iwas______________awalkinthepark,Isawacatclimbupatalltree.9provide为及物动词，providesthforsb＝providesbwithsth为某人提供某物。Theycanprovideenoughfoodforus.他们可以给我们提供足够的食物。Theschoolprovidesthestudentswithdeliciousfoodeveryday.学校每天给学生提供美味的食物。巩固练习：Thisrestaurant______________people______________deliciousfood.A.provides；for B.offers；to C.provides；with10it作形式主语的用法(1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某句中作主语时，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而真正的主语放在句尾。(2)it作形式主语的三种常见句型结构：①It’s+adj.+todo...②It’s+adj.+forsb+todo...③It’s+adj.+ofsb+todo...(3)It’s+adj.+forsb+todo...与It’s+adj.+ofsb+todo...的用法辨析It’s+adj.+forsb+todo...句中的形容词常表示客观情况，如：hard，easy，important等It’s+adj.+ofsb+todo...句中的形容词常表示人的性格、品质与特点等，如kind，nice，clever等巩固练习：①拥有健康的生活方式很重要。___________veryimportant____________________ahealthylifestyle.②对孩子们来说学会如何照顾自己是很有必要的。_________necessary_________children_________________howtolookafterthemselves.③你帮助我做家务，真是太好了。__________kind________you________________mewiththehousework.11【易混辨析】toomuch/muchtoo/toomanytoomuch＂太多＂后接不可数名词muchtoo＂太……＂后接形容词或副词toomany＂太多＂后接可数名词复数【一言辨异】Somestudentssaytheyusedtobemuchtootiredbecausetheyhadtoomuchhomeworktodo.一些学生说以前他们太累，因为他们有太多的作业要做。用toomuch/toomany/muchtoo填空①Ihave____________________________rulesathome.②Thereis____________________________trafficinthestreetduringtherushhours.③Themathproblemis____________________________difficult.Ican’tworkitout.121.develop用作及物动词时，一般与into搭配，意为＂发展成……＂。Hedevelopedthelittleshopintoabigshoppingmall.他把那间小商店发展成为一家大型购物中心。Thecountryisdevelopingfast.该国正在飞速发展。巩固练习：（）Asthestory_________,thesecretofthecastleisdiscoveredlittlebylittle.A.ends B.begins C.develops D.happens2.develop及物动词，意为＂培养；养成；提高；成长＂。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience.他养成了对科学的兴趣。Thiscoursewillhelpyoudevelopyourwritingskills.这门功课将帮助你提高写作技巧。巩固练习：（）It’sgoodforusto______________agoodhabitofbrushingteethinthechildhood.A.developing B.show C.develop D.showing单项选择()1.Howtimeflies!Weshouldshowloveforourparentsandmakethemhowmuchtheymeantous.A.toknow B.knowing C.knew D.know()2.MariawatchTV,butnowshelisteningtomusic.A.usedto；isusedto B.isusedto；usedtoC.usedto；usedto D.isusedto；isusedto()3.Allthemembersdecidedtothemoneyfromthebooksaletohomelesspeople.A.giveup B.giveaway C.takeup D.takeaway()4.--CanIyourbike?--Withpleasure.Butyoumustn'tittoothers.A.lend;borrow B.borrow;lendC.lend;lend D.borrow;borrow()5.—Thedoctortoldmenottoeattoomuch,butIfinditdifficult.—Thedoctorisright.youeat,youwillbe.A.Theless;thehealthier B.Theless;themorehealthierC.Themore;thehealthier D.Themore;themorehealthier()6.—Asatopstudentinourclass,it’sgoodJimtohelpuswhenwe’reinneed.—Yes.Itisalsogoodhimtoexerciseforanhoureveryday.A.of;of B.for;forC.for;of D.of;for()7.Theirparentsdon’tallowthemintheriverbecauseit’sreallydangerous.A.swim B.swimming C.toswim D.swam()8.Iboughtalarmclocklastweek.A.a B.an C.the D./()9.—Sorry,Imyhomeworkathome.—Don’titheretomorrow.A.left;forgetbringing B.left;forgettobringC.forget;forgetbringing D.forgot;forgettobring()10.Theoldmanlooksveryunhappy,becausehelives,andhefeelsvery.A.alone;aloneB.lonely;lonelyC.alone;lonelyD.lonely;alone完形填空Manystudentshavesome1______.Forexample,somestudentsdonotlearntheirschoolsubjects2______.Somearegoodat3______anddowellinmanyexams,4______theyaredoingverybadlyinsportsandtheydonothavestrongbodies.Sotheirclassmatesalwayscall5______“bookworms”(书虫).Somanystudentssufferfrom(遭受)stress.Thegoodnews36______thattherearesomesimplewaystodealwith(处理)7______.Firstly,8______ahealthydiet,gettingenoughsleepanddoingexerciseareveryimportant.Howcanwebehappyifweareunhealthy!Asforschoolwork,makingplanscanbehelpful.Makingalistofthethingstheyneedtodoandplanning9_____todothemcanhelpstudentsorganize(组织)theirtime.Ifyouare10______inonesubject,studyinghardand11______ateacherforadvicecanhelp.Studentsshouldnotcareabout12______laughing.Theyshouldthinkaboutthethingsthataregood.Thenstudentsshould13______makeenoughtimefortheirhobbies（爱好）.Playingsports,readingandwatchingmovieshelpthemrelax.Finally,14______isusefulandimportantforstudentstosharetheirproblemwiththeir15______andfamilymembers.()1.A.friends B.problems C.happiness D.homework()2.A.good B.well C.great D.bad()3.A.learns B.learn C.learning D.tolearn()4.A.so B.and C.but D.because()5.A.them B.they C.him D.her()6.A.are B.were C.be D.is()7.A.hungry B.illness C.stress D.tired()8.A.eating B.eat C.eatting D.toeat()9.A.when B.where C.what D.why()10.A.good B.weak C.strong D.badly()11.A.asking B.ask C.asks D.asked()12.A.other B.others C.others’ D.other’s()13.A.too B.either C.to D.also()14.A.that B.this C.it D.these()15.A.brothers B.friends C.sisters D.cousins阅读理解ASandisacommonsightintheworld.Butyoumightnotknowthatsandisalsoausefulresource(资源).Sandisthesecondmost-usedresourceintheworldafterwater,theBBCreported.However,theUNsaidthatsandisnotlimitlessandthatwemightberunningoutofit.Sandismadeupofverysmallpiecesofrock,soilandminerals(矿物质).Itcantaketensofthousandsofyearstoform.Butnowweareusingsandmorequicklythanitisbeingformed.AccordingtotheBBC,weuseabout15billiontonsofsandeveryyeartobuildhouses,roadsandotherthings.Peoplealsoputsandintheseatomakenewislands.Singapore,forexample,isnow20percentbiggerthanitwasin1965.Palmislandsarethreelargeman-madeislandsinDubai,UnitedArabEmirates.Theytook94millioncubicmetersofsandtobuild.Ifpeoplekeepusingthismuchsand,itwillrunoutinmanyplaces.Forexample,Vietnammayrunoutofconstruction(建造)sandby2020,LiveSciencenoted.Sincepeopleneedsomuchsand,theyaretryingtomine(开采)moreofit.Butthisisbadfortheenvironment.Miningsandmaycausebeachestodisappearandmorefloodstohappeninplacesclosetothesea.Also,thismayaffectthehabitats(栖息地)ofmanyplantsandanimals.()1.Whatdoesthestorytellusaboutsand?A.Itcanonlybefoundonbeaches. B.Itisthemost-usedresourceintheworld.C.Itcanneverbeusedup. D.Itcanbeusedtobuildhouses.()2.Accordingtothepassage,whichcountryisusingsandtobuildislands?A.SingaporeandVietnam. B.SingaporeandUnitedArabEmirates.C.BritainandAmerica. D.UnitedArabEmiratesandVietnam.()3.Everyyear,weuseabout________tonsofsand.A.94million B.20billion C.20million D.15billion()4.Wearerunningoutofsandbecause________.A.thereisonlyalittlesandintheworld B.weareusingsandtooquicklyC.wecannotmineenoughsand D.ourenvironmentisbadlypolluted()5.Inplacesclosetothesea,morefloodswillhappenbecauseof________.A.overminingofsand B.climatechangeC.theincreasingsizeofcertainislands D.thedeathofsomeplantsBHowgreenareyou?Doyouknowhowtobegreen?Weallneedahealthyenvironment,butweproducewasteeverydayanditdoesharmtoourenvironment.Thoughweareyoung,wecanstilldosomethingtohelp.Infact,eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakearealdifferencetotheenvironment.Herearesomeideasforyou.ReduceReducemeans“useless”.Don’twastethings.Thissavesmoneyandreducespollutionandwastegoingintotheenvironment.Beforewebuysomethingnew,thinkwhetheritisreallynecessary—ormaybetheoldonewillbejustasgood!Whenwedobuythings,chooselocalproductsifpossible,andtrynottobuytoomanythingsfromabroad.ReuseReusemeans“useagain”.Usethingsforaslongaspossible.Whenwebuythings,makesurethattheylastalongtime.Weshouldlookafterthemsothattheywilllast,andweshouldrepairthemifwecaninsteadofthrowingthemawayandbuyingnewones.Don’tuseapapercupofapaperbag.It’sbettertouseachinacupandalunchboxbecauseyoucanusethemagain.RecycleRecyclemeans“changethingsintosomethingelse”.Thoughittakesenergytochangesomethingintosomethingelse,it’sbetterthanthrowingthingsawayorburningthem.Findoutwhatcanberecycledinyourneighbourhoodandtakepartinrecyclingprogrammes.Weshouldalsobuyproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials,suchasrecycledpaper,tohelpsavetrees.Sopleaserememberthesethreewords:reduce,reuseandrecycle.()1.Whatisthepassageabout?A.Howtoproducethings. B.Howtoburnthings.C.Howtohelpothers. D.Howtobegreen.()2.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Don’twastethings. B.Alwaysthrowawayoldthings.C.Alwaysbuynewthings. D.Buytoomanythingsfromabroad.()3.Whyisitbettertouseachinacupandalunchbox?A.Youcanburnthem.B.Youcanusethemagain.C.Youcanthrowthemaway.D.Youcanchangethemintosomethingelse.()4.Toprotecttheenvironment,weshouldrememberthesethreewords:_______.A.waste,reuseandrecycle B.repair,burnandrecycleC.reduce,reuseandrecycle D.reduce,wasteandrecycle.()5.Thepassagemaycomefrom______.A.amenu B.adictionaryC.astorybook D.amagazineCIttookmeabout2monthstoplanmydaughter’sbirthdayparty.Shewasthreeyearsold.IgotmanyideasfromtheInternetthatIthoughtIcouldusefortheparty.IhadsleeplessnightsbecauseIwantedthistobethebestbirthday.Ilookedforaplacetohaveourparty.Luckily,IfoundMonteVerdePark.Itisaverybeautifulpark.Afterbookingit,westartedtobuygiftsforallthekids.WewenttoLAforgoodprices.Ihad40giftsinmyroomforamonthandIwantedtogivethemallaway.Iboughttwobeautifulskirtsformydaughter.IalsoboughtredcardsatTallMouse.Ithensentthemtomydaughter’sfriends.Iinvitedthemtomydaughter’sthirdbirthdaypartyonSeptember25that6：30p.m.atMonteVerdePark.Theycouldeatcakeandhaveagoodti