2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题

2023年6月高校英语六级真题

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashort

essayentitledTheCertificateCraze.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.现在很多人热衷于各类证书考试

2.其目的各不相同

3.在我看来……

TheCertificateCraze

留意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

PartII

ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthe

passagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1,For

questions1-7、choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),

C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformation

giveninthepassage.

MinorityReport

Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.

Graduatingthemisanothermatter.

BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproud

ofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2023thesmall,

eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionof

so-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclasses

from8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentsto

cometoourkindsofplaces/1hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.But

Bowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduating

minorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomas

withinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationday

inseveralrecentclasses.

"Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,'1says

HilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&

MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatterns

inhighereducation.nButifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestagefora

diploma,it*sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation.11

TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.

Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistherisk

thattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.

Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantheratefor

the55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.

Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswantto

graduatefromcollege-buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheir

dreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslag

farbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.Astheminority

populationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecome

athreattonationalprosperity.

Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2023the

UniversityofWisconsin-Madison-oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigious

publicuniversities-graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,

butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersget

worse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowa

graduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.

Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally-butrock-bottom

ratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycolleges

foundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only

15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.

Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecause

theyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomes

toasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColby

Collegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduates

in2023and25pointsin2023.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,another

topschool,hada19-pointgapin2023anda22-pointgapin2023.The

mostselectiveprivateschools-Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton-show

almostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhave

moretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.Accordingtodata

gatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselective

schoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrant

parentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoare

descendantsofAmericanslaves.

"Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,

particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityison

theindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Ifthey

fail,it'stheirfault.'1Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction-students

admittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoften

struggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhigh

schoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare

“undermatched”：theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinstead

gotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlackthe

resourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincrease

tuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill-

knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon*tmakeit.nTheschoolkeepsthe

money,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilityto

getabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkins

oftheEducationTrust.

Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitions

havebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2023thenetcost

ofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity-afterfinancialaid-equaled

28%ofmedian（中间的）familyincome,whileafour-yearprivate

universitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarships

arebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthe

best-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimply

unabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.

Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropout

rates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightand

looktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."

ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafew

collegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityof

Wisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthree

years.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelp

studentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor（严格要求）andfaster

paceofauniversityclassroom-andalsotohelpminoritystudents

overcomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa

"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,

accordingtoviceprovost（教务长）DamonWilliams.

Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywhereby

broadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.Foryearsprivatecolleges

suchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesonto

campusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsome

prepara-itorycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorand

non-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolsto

identifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchpro-^gramscanbe

expensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalready

investedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechanceto

graduatewithoutspecialsupport.

Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.Washington

andLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyis

lessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusually

graduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksand

Latinoshaddippedto63%by2023."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"

saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschool

aggressivelypushedmentoring(辅导)ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand

"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschool

haditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthe

sameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantsto

keepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematic

attentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?

A)Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.

B)Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.

C)Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.

D)Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.

2.WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?

A)Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.

B)ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.

C)Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.

D)Itsincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.

3.WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?

A)Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegal

immigrants.

B)Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.

C)Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.

D)Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.

4.HowmanyAfrican-Americanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesin

Californiacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?

A)Fifty-sixpercent.C)Fifteenpercent.

B)Thirty-ninepercent.D)Sixty-sevenpercent.

5.Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackand

whitegraduationratesmainlybecause.

A)theirstudentsworkharderC)theirclassesaregenerallysmaller

B)theyrecruitthebeststudentsD)theygivestudentsmoreattention

6.HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents1

failuretogetadegree?

A)Universitiesaretoblame.

B)Studentsdon*tworkhard.

C)Thegovernmentfailstoprovidethenecessarysupport.

D)Affirmativeactionshouldbeheldresponsible.

7.Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtothe

author?

A)Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.

B)Theycannotaffordthehightuition.

C)Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.

D)Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.

8.Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityof

Wisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat

9.Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovided

minoritystudentswithduringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.

10.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthe

gapofgraduationratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2

longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestions

willheaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.During

thepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD)fand

decidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondsingletteron

AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A)Shewillgivehimthereceiptlater.

B)Themanshouldmakehisowncopies.

C)Shehasnotgottheman*scopiesready.

D)Themanforgottomakethecopiesforher.

12.A)ShephonedFredaboutthebook.

C)SheranintoFredonherwayhere.

B)Shewaslatefortheappointment.

D)Sheoftenkeepsotherpeoplewaiting.

13.A)MarkisnotfittotakechargeoftheStudentUnion.

B)Markisthebestcandidateforthepostofchairman.

C)Itwon*tbeeasyforMarktowintheelection.

D)Femalesaremorecompetitivethanmalesinelections.

14.A)Itfailedtoarriveatitsdestinationintime.

B)Itgotseriouslydamagedontheway.

C)ItgotlostattheairportinParis.

D)Itwasleftbehindinthehotel.

15.A)Justmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.

B)Putmoreeffortintopreparingforthepresentation.

C)Findmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.

D)Simplyraisetheissueintheirpresentation.

16.A)ThemanhasdecidedtochooseLanguageStudiesashismajor.

B)Thewomanisn*tinterestedinthepsychologyoflanguage.

C)Themanisstilltryingtosignupforthecourseheisinterestedin.

D)Thewomanisn*tqualifiedtotakethecoursethemanmentioned.

17.A)Theyarebothtoblame.

B)Theyarebotheasytoplease.

C)Theycanmanagetogetalong.

D)Theywillmakepeaceintime.

18.A)Theyareindesperateneedoffinancialassistance.

B)Theyhopetodomiracleswithlimitedresources.

C)Theywanttoborrowahugesumfromthebank.

D)Theyplantobuyouttheirbusinesspartners.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Wesimplycannothelpreactinginstinctivelythatway.

B)Wewishtohideourindifferencetotheirmisfortune.

C)Wederivesomehumoroussatisfactionfromtheirmisfortune.

D)Wethinkitservesthemrightforbeingmeantootherpeople.

20.A)Theywanttoshowtheirgenuinesympathy.

B)Theyhavehadsimilarpersonalexperiences.

C)Theydon*tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.

D)Theydon'twanttorevealtheirownfrustration.

21.A)Theythemselveswouldliketodoitbutdon'tdareto.

B)It'sanopportunityforrelievingtheirtension.

C)It'sararechanceforthemtoseethebossloseface.

D)Theyhaveseenthismanytimesinoldfilms.

22.A)Toirritatethem.C)Torelieveherfeelings.

B)Toteachthemalesson.D)Toshowhercourage.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)SmugglingdrugsintoHongKong.

C)Stealingafellowpassenger'sbag.

B)Havingcommittedarmedrobbery.

D)BringingahandgunintoHongKong.

24.A)Hesaidnotasinglewordduringtheentireflight.

B)HetookawayKumafsbaggagewhilehewasasleep.

C)HewastravellingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity.

D)HeissuspectedofhavingslippedsomethinginKumar'sbag.

25.A)Givehimalift.C)Checkthepassengerlist.

B)FindAlfredFoster.D)Searchallsuspiciouscars.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendof

eachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Theythinktravelhasbecomeatrend.

B)Theythinktravelgivesthemtheirmoney'sworth.

C)Theyfindmanyofthebanksuntrustworthy.

D)Theylacktheexpertisetomakecapitalinvestments.

27.A)Lowertheirpricestoattractmorecustomers.

B)Introducetravelpackagesforyoungtravelers.

C)Designprogramstargetedatretiredcouples.

D)Launchanewprogramofadventuretrips.

28.A)Theroleoftravelagents.C)Thenumberoflast-minutebookings.

B)Thewaypeopletravel.D)Thepricesofpolarexpeditions.

PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.A)Theoldstereotypesaboutmenandwomen.

B)Thechangingrolesplayedbymenandwomen.

C)Thedivisionoflaborbetweenmenandwomen.

D)Thewidespreadprejudiceagainstwomen.

30.A)Offermorecreativeandpracticalideasthanmen.

B)Askquestionsthatoftenleadtocontroversy.

C)Speakloudlyenoughtoattractattention.

D)Raiseissuesonbehalfofwomen.

31.A)Toprovethatshecouldearnherlivingasagardener.

B)Toshowthatwomenaremorehardworkingthanmen.

C)Toshowthatwomenarecapableofdoingwhatmendo.

D)Toprovethatshewasreallyirritatedwithherhusband.

PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A)Coveringmajoreventsofthedayinthecity.

B)ReportingcriminaloffensesinGreenville.

C)Huntingnewsforthedailyheadlines.

D)Writingarticlesonfamilyviolence.

33.A)Itisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtobe.

B)Rapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownareas.

C)Assaultsoftenhappenonschoolcampuses.

D)Ithasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigcities.

34.A)Thereareawiderangeofcases.

B)Theyareverydestructive.

C)Therehasbeenariseinsuchcrimes.

D)Theyhavearousedfearamongtheresidents.

35.A)Writeaboutsomethingpleasant.C)Offerhelptocrimevictims.

B)Dosomeresearchonlocalpolitics.D)Workasanewspapereditor.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthe

passageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyfaritsgeneral

idea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofill

intheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejust

heard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthe

missinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwords

youhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.

Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhat

youhavewritten.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,

whetherit*spickingoneof31icecream(36)ordecidingwhether

andwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing.Butasarecent

studyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeus(37),unhappy-

evenparalyzedwithindecision.

That's(38)truewhenitcomestotheworkplace,saysBarry

Schwartz,anauthorofsixbooksabouthuman(39).Studentsare

graduatingwitha(40)ofskillsandinterests,butoftenfind

themselves(41)whenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.

Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollege

studentsduringtheir(42)year.Basedonanswerstoquestions

regardingtheirjob-hunting(43)andcareerdecisions,hedividedthe

studentsintotwogroups:"maximizers"whoconsidereverypossibleoption,

and"satisficers"wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.

Youmightexpectthatthestudents(44).

Butitturnsoutthat'snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizersended

upwithbetterpayingjobsthansatisficersonaverage,theyweren*tas

happywiththeirdecision.

Thereason(45).Whenyou

lookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenup

thanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,(46)

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsor

incompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthe

questionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Please

writeyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Howgoodareyouatsaying“no”？Formany,it'ssuiprisinglydifficult.

Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerand

engagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:

It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou*vebeenworkingonis

nearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,

whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementof

thedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:

"No!It'sdone!”Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhas

somethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofind

outwhat.Thesecondruleisdon*traisethestakesbychallengingher

authority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytocite

optionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,but

therearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepages

backingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohome

sick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.

Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwill

makeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou*vedonesofar.

Here*sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstory

idea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,you

riskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromothers

whoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommonin

newsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.

Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesare

proposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasif

theybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction（本能反应）

anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyas

systematicorfair.

Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?”

agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?”Howarepeople

expectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaand

resubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?”situationsbeforetheyhappen,

youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.

47.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout

48.Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreater

riskby.

49.Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe

toherandofferanalternativesolution.

50.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemfor

storiesto.

51.Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?”situationswillbeableto

reachunderstandingandavoid.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem

therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekey

question:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfbrtheeconomy?TheAmerican

publicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmost

economistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnet

boosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesof

everythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswitha

littlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancy

betweentheperceptionofimmigrants1impactontheeconomyandthe

reality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleare

anxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlight

thestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,like

schools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguing

thatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruth

toalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considertheway

immigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,its

costsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistat

UCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants1

low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsin

Nebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,

theseproducers1savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocery

store,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthe

checkoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,

areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthe

competitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,a

Harvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmerican

high-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,opposition

wasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelatively

generoussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthe

fiscal（财政的）burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedby

anotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscal

burdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,which

curbedimmigrants*accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectof

immigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,

low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthat

dramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateour

perceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessoratthe

UniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandthe

economistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,buta

smallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A)Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeen

puzzlingeconomists.

B)TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sa

differentstory.

C)Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbe

encouraged.

D)Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsonthe

impactofimmigration.

53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfrom

immigration?

A)Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B)Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C)Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D)Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegal

immigration?

A)Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B)Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C)Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D)Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educated

employeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A)Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B)Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C)Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D)Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A)Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B)Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C)Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D)Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthe

majorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:

male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,and

you'llgetacomplete