安徽省淮南第三中学2023-2024学年高一上学期第二次段考英语试题（解析版）

准南三中2023-2024学年高一年级第一学期第二次段考英语试卷（时间：120分钟总分：150分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.GotoChina.B.Gobackhome.CGotospendherholidays.2.Howmuchdidthewoman’ssonpayforhiscoat?A.$200.B.$180.C.$100.3.Whenwillthematchstart?A.At7:00.B.At7:15.C.At7:50.4.Wherearespeakers?A.Inthekitchen.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inagrocerystore.5.Whatdoyouknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisgoingtothehospital.B.Sheisaloneathome.C.Sheisgoingtomeetherfriend.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听第6段材料，回答第6至第7题。6.Whowillhaveadanceparty?A.Michelle.B.Rick.C.John.7.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Helpthemancleanthehouse.B.GotothepartywithMichelle.C.Calltheman’sparents.听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题。更多课件教案视频等优质滋源请家威杏MXSJ6638.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeinBeijingtomorrow?A.Itwillbesnowy.B.Itwillbesunny.C.Itwillbewindy.9.Howmanyseasonsarementionedintheconversation?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.10.Whydoesthewomanpreferwinter?A.Shecanplaywithsnow.B.Shecanwalkinthesnow.C.Shecanskateinwinter.听第8段材料，回答第11至第13题。11.Whatistheman’strouble?A.Hefindsitdifficulttochooseapresentforhismother.B.Hecannotaffordtobuyahandbagforhismother.C.Heforgetstocarrymoneywithhim.12.Whydoesthemangiveuptheideaofbuyingapieceofjewelry?A.Itistooexpensiveforhim.B.Hismotherhasalreadyhadsome.C.Itisdifficulttomatchthejewelrywithhismother’sclothes.13.Whatdoesthemanfinallydecidetobuyforhismother’sbirthday?A.Afinehandbag.B.Anicedress.C.Someskirtmaterials.听第9段材料，回答第14至第16题。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Campingequipment.B.MoviesonUFOs.C.Acampingexperience.15.Whatdidtheyseeintheskylastsummer?A.AUFO.B.Ahot-airballoon.C.Aplane.16.WhatdidJimdowhenhesawsomethingflyinginthesky?A.Hewenthomeimmediately.B.Hetoldthepoliceaboutit.C.Hetookmanyphotosofit听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Anassistanttohelporganizetheplay.B.Thedirectoroftheschoolplay.C.Askilledlightingman.18.Whatwillthepeoplebeaskedtodo?A.Actintheschoolplay.B.Helporganizetheschoolplay.C.Directtheschoolplay.19.Whatdoweknowabouttheirwork?A.Maybetheywillworkatnight.B.Theywillworkatweekends.C.Theywillworkeveryday.20.Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A.Answerthequestions.B.Setupthelights.C.Watchtheirperformances.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWiththeapproachingofNewYear,moreandmorevisitorswillcometoChina.Don’tknowwhereyoushouldgo?Herearesomeplacesrecommendedforyou.ShanghaiExpoCultureParkTheShanghaiExpoCultureParkwillsoonopenitsnorthernsectiontothepublic,inwhichthemajorattractionsincludeatraditionalgardenthatissimilarindesigntoShanghai’sfamousYuyuanGardenanda400-meteravenueexhibitingthehistoryofthearea,whileinthesouthernsectionliesagrandtheater.MacaoTowerAJHackettBungeeJumpTheMacaoTower,338meterstall,istheworld’s10thhighesttower,withavarietyofactivities,suchaseatingandentertainment.Oneoftheactivitieswhichenjoygoodfameisthebungeejump.TheAJHackettMacaoTowerBungeeJumpis233metershigh,makingitaGuinnessWorldRecordasthehighestcommercial(商业的)bungeejumpintheworld.Raiseyourarmsandoffyougo!Harbin’sFrozenWorldForthosewhohaveneverbeentoHarbin,thereisanalmostendlesslistofthingstodo.AtHarbinIce—SnowWorld,youcannotonlyseetheworld—famousicearchitecture,butalsohavegreatfun!Youcanhavehotpotattherestaurantswhicharemadeofice,enjoyingtheproductofbothiceandfire,godowntheworld’slongesticeslide(滑梯)andjoininthepopularIceandSnowElectronicMusicFestivaltowelcome2024.Thewinteriscoldandthenightislong,sowhynotgotothetheatre?HarbinwaslistedbytheUnitedNationsasa“musiccity”in2010.HarbinGrandTheateriswhereartisticsoulsdefrost(化霜)alittletosharetheirloveofart.1.Whereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttodoextremesports?A.ShanghaiExpoCulturePark. B.TheMacaoTower.C.Shangha’sYuyuanGarden. D.HarbinIce—SnowWorld.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoinHarbin’sFrozenWorld?A.Attendafamousmusicfestival. B.Playwithbothiceandfire.C.Turnwaterintoinstantice. D.Learntomakeicearchitecture.3.WhatdoShanghaiExpoCultureParkandHarbin’sFrozenWorldhaveincommon?A.Theyhaveahightower. B.Theyhavealongiceslide.C.Theyhaveagrandtheater. D.Theyhavetraditionalarchitecture.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了中国一些值得游览的地方，包括上海世博文化公园、澳门塔以及哈尔滨冰雪世界等。同时，也提到了哈尔滨被联合国列为“音乐城”的事实，以及哈尔滨大剧院为艺术灵魂提供了一些艺术交流的场所。【1题详解】细节理解题。由MacaoTowerAJHackettBungeeJump中的“Oneoftheactivitieswhichenjoygoodfameisthebungeejump.TheAJHackettMacaoTowerBungeeJumpis233metershigh,makingitaGuinnessWorldRecordasthehighestcommercial(商业的)bungeejumpintheworld.(蹦极是享誉盛名的活动之一。AJHackett澳门塔蹦极跳高233米，是世界上商业蹦极跳最高的吉尼斯世界纪录)”可知，如果游客想做极限运动，例如蹦极，他们应该去TheMacaoTower。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由Harbin’sFrozenWorld中的“Youcanhavehotpotattherestaurantswhicharemadeofice,enjoyingtheproductofbothiceandfire,godowntheworld’slongesticeslide(滑梯)andjoininthepopularIceandSnowElectronicMusicFestivaltowelcome2024.(你可以在冰做的餐厅吃火锅，享受冰与火的结合，沿着世界上最长的冰滑道滑下去，参加流行的冰雪电子音乐节，迎接2022年的到来)”可知，在Harbin’sFrozenWorld游客能参加一个著名的音乐节。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由ShanghaiExpoCulturePark中的“whileinthesouthernsectionliesagrandtheater(而南段则有一座大剧院)”和Harbin’sFrozenWorld中的“HarbinGrandTheateriswhereartisticsoulsdefrost(化霜)alittletosharetheirloveofart.(哈尔滨大剧院是艺术灵魂的一处解冻之地，分享他们对艺术的热爱)”可知，ShanghaiExpoCulturePark和Harbin’sFrozenWorld都有一个大剧院。故选C项。BWheneverIthinkofMs.AnitaMoore,Ialwayssmileandfeelfortunatetohaveherasmyteacher.Allofherstudentsknewshelovedbeingateacher.Herclassroomwasalwaysasafeplacewherewewereencouragedtoshare,think,andexpressourselves.OneofthememoriesthatalwaysstuckwithmewasareadingclasswhenMs.Moorereadastoryaloudandstartedtocry.Themaincharacterinthestoryremindedherofhergrandmother.Shepausedtoshareaboutherrelationshipwithhergrandmotherandmadetheconnectionastohowthatrelationshiphelpedunderstandthestory.Ms.Mooretriedherbesttomakeaconnectionwitheachstudentinherclassroom.Sheknewwhatwelikedandusedthatinformationtobringourinterestsintotheclassroom.ThatisoneofthereasonswhyMs.Moorewillalwaysbemyfavoriteteacher.Shebroughtvarioustypesofbookstoourclassroomandallowedustotakethemhome.Itwasshethathelpedmyloveforreadinggrow.Ms.Moorealsowentbeyondclassroominstruction.Shedecidedthatourschoolshouldhaveachoirandthatallofherstudentsshouldaudition(试演).Withouther,Iwouldneverhavetakenpartinthistypeofafter-schoolactivity.Onceitwastimefortheannual5thgradeweekendcampingtrip,myparentsrefusedtoletmeattend.Ms.Moorecametomyhometopersuade(说服)them.AlthoughIwasstillnotallowedtogo,itwasamazingtomethatateacherwouldvisitmyhometohelpmebepartofaschooltraditionwithmyclassmates.Ms.Moorewasawonderfulexampleofacaringteacher.Fromher,I’velearnedtomakeconnectionswithstudentsandlookforwaystohelpthemlearnandfeelsuccessful.4.WhydidMs.Moorecryinthereadingclass?A.Thestorywastoosad.B.Shewasmovedbythestudents.C.Shethoughtofherowngrandmother.D.Shehelpedherstudentsunderstandthestory.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutMs.MoorefromParagraph3?A.Shewasgoodatwritingbooks.B.Sheinspiredthewriter’sloveforreading.C.Shedonatedmanybookstopoorstudents.D.Shewasthefavoriteteacherofthewholeclass.6.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeMs.Moore?A.Responsibleandcaring. B.Positiveandindependent.C.Inspiringandstrict. D.Knowledgeableandconfident.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toexpressopinionsonteachingliterature.B.Todiscusshowtobecomeacaringteacher.C.Tointroducetheclassesandactivitiesinherschool.D.Tosharehermemoryaboutherteacher,Ms.AnitaMoore.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最敬爱的老师Ms.Moore的事迹。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“OneofthememoriesthatalwaysstuckwithmewasareadingclasswhenMs.Moorereadastoryaloudandstartedtocry.Themaincharacterinthestoryremindedherofhergrandmother.(让我印象深刻的记忆之一是在一次阅读课上，Ms.Moore大声朗读了一个故事，然后哭了起来。故事中的主人公使她想起了她的祖母)”可知，Ms.Moore在朗读时因为想到了自己的祖母而伤感哭泣。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Itwasshethathelpedmyloveforreadinggrow.(是她培养了我对阅读的热爱)”可知，Ms.Moore启发了作者对阅读的热爱。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段“Ms.Mooretriedherbesttomakeaconnectionwitheachstudentinherclassroom.(Ms.Moore尽她最大的努力与班上的每个学生建立联系)”和最后一段的“Ms.Moorewasawonderfulexampleofacaringteacher.(Ms.Moore是一位充满爱心的老师的典范)”可知，作者主要讲述了Ms.Moore对教学的热爱、认真负责的态度和对学生的关爱。由此推知，她是一个十分负责和有爱心的人，因此可用responsible和caring描述Ms.Moore。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“WheneverIthinkofMs.AnitaMoore,Ialwayssmileandfeelfortunatetohaveherasmyteacher.(每当我想起AnitaMoore女士，我总是微笑着，为有她做我的老师而感到幸运)”和最后一段“Ms.Moorewasawonderfulexampleofacaringteacher.Fromher,I’velearnedtomakeconnectionswithstudentsandlookforwaystohelpthemlearnandfeelsuccessful.(Ms.Moore是一位充满爱心的老师的典范。从她那里，我学会了与学生建立联系，并寻找帮助他们学习和感受成功的方法)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者对其老师Ms.Moore的一些美好回忆。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享她对老师AnitaMoore女士的回忆。故选D。CTrainersandparentssawchildrenplaysportsatayoungageandthensawthembecomeprofessional.Manycorrelatedthetrainingtosuccess.Competitivesportsaregoodforyoungchildrenbecausetheyteachchildrenlifeskills,providehealthbenefits,andofferspecialopportunities.Tobeginwith,sportsteachchildrenlifeskills.Aformalathletestated,“Iplayedsoccerinhighschoolandcollegeandfoundteamsportsweren’tjustaboutwinning,butalsoaboutdevelopingasolidethic(行准则),andlearningwhythat’simportant.”Inshort,playinghighlycompetitivesportsteacheskidsmanylifeskillsliketeamwork.Peoplewillhavetouseteamworkfortherestoftheirlife,andsportscanhelpthemimprovethatskill.Takingpartinsportscanhelpdevelopapositiveattitudetowardslife,whichwillhelpinthelongrun.Sportsarealsogoodforkidsbecausetheyprovidehealthbenefits.Itishealthierforakidtoplayasportcompetitivelythantowastetimeplayingvideogamesallday.Furthermore,aresearchgroupofUniversityofCaliforniasaid,“96percentoftheparticipantssaidtheyenjoytheirsports.They’realllovinglife.”Thatistosay,kidsplayinghighlycompetitivesportstendtoenjoylifeinsteadofdoingsomethingelselikewatchingTV.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplemightarguethatcompetitivesportsarebadforyoungchildrenbecausetheyaresotime-consuming.However,thetimespentisnot“robbing”(剥夺)kidsoftheirchildhood,butoffersspecialopportunities.Athletescangetsuccesstolivetheirdreamlifebyplayingsports.Eventhoughsportsaretime-consuming,theyofferdistinctiveopportunities.Inconclusion,competitivesportsaregoodforchildrenbecausetheycanprovidewholesomebenefits,createnewexperiences,andbuildskillsthatwilllastalifetime.8.Whyistheformalathletementionedinparagraph2?A.Toshowareason. B.Togiveanexample.C.Tolistabackground. D.Todrawoutanewpoint.9.Whatisthemostparticipants’attitudetosports?A.Positive. B.Uncertain. C.Uncaring. D.Doubtful.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distinctive”inparagraph4mean?A.Common. B.Unfair. C.Special. D.Frequent.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Thewaystoplaysports.B.Thereasonsforadults’playingsports.C.Theproblemsofkids’playingsports.D.Thebenefitsofkids’playingsports.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了体育运动对孩子的好处。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Tobeginwith,sportsteachchildrenlifeskills.Aformalathletestated,“Iplayedsoccerinhighschoolandcollegeandfoundteamsportsweren’tjustaboutwinning,butalsoaboutdevelopingasolidethic(行为准则),andlearningwhythat’simportant.”(首先，运动教会孩子们生活技能。一位正式的运动员说：“我在高中和大学踢足球，发现团队运动不仅仅是为了赢球，也是为了培养坚定的道德，并明白为什么这很重要。”)”可知，本段主题是讲述体育运动让孩子们学到一些孩子生活技能，后文通过举一位正式运动员的例子来说明这个观点，所以这里是为了举例。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Furthermore,aresearchgroupofUniversityofCaliforniasaid,“96percentoftheparticipantssaidtheyenjoytheirsports.They’realllovinglife.”Thatistosay,kidsplayinghighlycompetitivesportstendtoenjoylifeinsteadofdoingsomethingelselikewatchingTV.(此外，加利福尼亚大学的一个研究小组说，“96%的参与者说他们喜欢他们的运动。他们都热爱生活。”也就是说，孩子们从事竞技性很强的体育运动，他们倾向于享受生活，而不是做其他事情，比如看电视)”可知，研究人员发现大多数的参与者对体育运动持积极的态度。故选A项。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据前文“Ontheotherhand,somepeoplemightarguethatcompetitivesportsarebadforyoungchildrenbecausetheyaresotime-consuming.However,thetimespentisnot“robbing”(剥夺)kidsoftheirchildhood,butoffersspecialopportunities.(另一方面，有些人可能会认为竞技体育对年幼的孩子不好，因为它们太耗时了。然而，花费的时间并不是“剥夺”孩子们的童年，而是提供了特殊的机会)”可知，此处讲述尽管运动很耗时，但它们提供了特殊的机会，推知distinctive应是“特殊的”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Trainersandparentssawchildrenplaysportsatayoungageandthensawthembecomeprofessional.Manycorrelatedthetrainingtosuccess.Competitivesportsaregoodforyoungchildrenbecausetheyteachchildrenlifeskills,providehealthbenefits,andofferspecialopportunities.(教练和家长看到孩子们在很小的时候就开始运动，然后看着他们成为专业人士。许多人将训练与成功联系起来。竞技体育对幼儿有好处，因为它们教会儿童生活技能，提供健康益处，并提供特殊机会)”引出主题，即体育运动对孩子有许多好处，接着第二、三、四段具体介绍了体育运动的好处，并在最后一段“Inconclusion,competitivesportsaregoodforchildrenbecausetheycanprovidewholesomebenefits,createnewexperiences,andbuildskillsthatwilllastalifetime.(总之，竞技体育对孩子们有好处，因为他们可以提供健康的好处，创造新的体验，并建立将持续一生的技能)”对体育运动的好处进行总结，由此可推测出，本文主要介绍了体育运动对孩子的好处。故选D项。DThe187-foot-tallTowerofPisaisfamousallovertheworldmainlybecauseitleans(倾斜).Formanyyears,peoplebelievedthatthetower’sdesignerintendedittolean.Asitturnsout,though,thetower’sleanisanaccidentcausedbypoorplanning.TheTowerofPisawasconstructed(建造)onariverbedofsandandclay(黏土)thatwasnotstrongenoughtosupportabuildingsotallandheavy.Constructionofthetowerbeganin1173.BecausePisaexperiencedseveralwars,thetowerwasn’tcompleteduntil1350.Onlyafewyearsaftertheconstructionstarted,peoplecouldseethatthefirstthreefloorsofthetowerwerealreadyleaning.Asthenextthreefloorswereadded,builderspurposefullybuiltthemwithonesidehigherthantheothertotrytocorrectthelean.ThisresultedinthetowerleaningintheoppositedirectionFortunatelyforthepeopleofPisa,thelongdelays(耽搁)duringconstructiongavethestructuretimetosettleandthegroundtobecomecompacted(结实的).Thismadthefoundation(地基)strongerovertime,whichisthemainreasonwhythetowerneverfellover.Forhundredsofyears,thetowerwasindeedfalling.Itwouldleanonemoreinchaboutevery20years.Intheend,in1990,itwasclosedtothepublicforfearthatalargegroupofpeopleatthetopwouldweighenoughtomakeitfalldown.From1990to2001,engineersfromaroundtheworldhelpedbalancethetowerAfterseveralunsuccessfulattemptsatasolution,engineersfinallycameupwithaplanthatworked.Theyslowlyremovedgroundunderthehighsideofthetower.Whentheyhadfinished,theyhadreturnedittothepositionitheldinabout1838—thetowerhadbeenstraightenedbynearly16inches.Exceptasuddengreatdisaster,suchasaearthquake,engineersbelievethetowerissafeforanother300yearsnow.12.WhatdoestheauthortrytoexplainabouttheTowerofPisainParagraph1?A.Whyitleans. B.Whyitwasbuilt.C.Whyitisfamous. D.Whyitstoppedleaning.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheTowerofPisa?A.Itwascompletedin1173. B.Itbegantobebuiltin1350.C.Itwasseenleaningafter1173. D.Itwasrepairedevery20years.14.WhatkepttheTowerofPisafromfallingdownaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Thespecialstructure. B.Thetimelyprotection.C.Theskillofthebuilders. D.Thelongtimeofbuilding.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhendoestheTowerofPisalean?B.IstheleaningTowerofPisafalling?C.WhenwastheleaningTowerofPisabuilt?D.HowdidtheleaningTowerofPisagetitsname?【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。比萨斜塔因为塔身倾斜而世界闻名。它为什么会成为今天这个样子？人们做了什么使得它能够保持倾斜而不倒下？本文对这些问题进行了简单的说明。12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Asitturnsout,though,thetower’sleanisanaccidentcausedbypoorplanning.TheTowerofPisawasconstructed(建造)onariverbedofsandandclay(黏土)thatwasnotstrongenoughtosupportabuildingsotallandheavy.”（然而，事实证明，这座塔的倾斜是由于规划不当造成的意外。比萨斜塔是建在沙土河床上的，河床不够坚固，支撑不了这么高这么重的建筑。）可推知，在第一段中，作者试图解释比萨斜塔为什么会倾斜——地基不够牢固，无法支撑那么高的建筑。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Constructionofthetowerbeganin1173.BecausePisaexperiencedseveralwars,thetowerwasn’tcompleteduntil1350.Onlyafewyearsaftertheconstructionstarted,peoplecouldseethatthefirstthreefloorsofthetowerwerealreadyleaning.”（这座塔始建于1173年。由于比萨经历了几次战争，这座塔直到1350年才完工。在开始建设的几年后，人们可以看到塔的前三层已经倾斜了。）可知，比萨斜塔在1173年建造开始后的头几年里就被发现有倾斜的迹象。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“FortunatelyforthepeopleofPisa,thelongdelays(耽搁)duringconstructiongavethestructuretimetosettleandthegroundtobecomecompacted(结实的).Thismadthefoundation(地基)strongerovertime,whichisthemainreasonwhythetowerneverfellover.”（对比萨人来说幸运的是，施工过程中的长时间延误使结构有时间稳定下来，地面也变得密实。随着时间的推移，这使得基础更加坚固，这就是塔从未倒塌的主要原因。）可知，比萨斜塔之所以在这种情况下屹然不倒是因为它的建造时间较长，使得地基夯实得较为坚固。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“The187-foot-tallTowerofPisaisfamousallovertheworldmainlybecauseitleans(倾斜).Formanyyears,peoplebelievedthatthetower’sdesignerintendedittolean.Asitturnsout,though,thetower’sleanisanaccidentcausedbypoorplanning.TheTowerofPisawasconstructed(建造)onariverbedofsandandclay(黏土)thatwasnotstrongenoughtosupportabuildingsotallandheavy.”（187英尺高的比萨斜塔因其倾斜而闻名于世。多年来，人们认为这座塔的设计者有意让它倾斜。然而，事实证明，这座塔的倾斜是由于规划不当造成的意外。比萨斜塔是建在沙土河床上的，河床不够坚固，支撑不了这么高这么重的建筑。）综合分析文章可知，本文主要围绕着比萨斜塔为什么会倾斜以及人们怎么确保它不会倒下而进行说明的。故B项IstheleaningTowerofPisafalling?“比萨斜塔要倒了吗？”作文章标题最合适。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowiseatinginspacedifferentfromeatingonEarth?Ifyousendastronautsintospace,youhavetosendalongfoodaswell.Butwhatdoastronautseat,andhowdotheyeatit?Scientiststakeseveralfactorsintoconsiderationastheyplanmealsforspace.First,andpossiblymostimportant,isnutrition(营养).___16___Providingjunkfoodtoeat,suchaspotatochips,sodas,andpizza,wouldmaketheastronautsunhealthy.___17___Ifthefoodthathasbeenprovidedisdistasteful,thentheastronautsmayavoideatingit.Ifyou’veevertriedtoconcentrateonsomethingimportantwhileyourstomachdoesn’tfeelwell,you’llknowwhythescientistsinchargeofaspacemissionwanttheirastronautstoeatregularly.Thelackofgravityinaspacecraftalsodetermineswhatfoodscanorcannotbeeateninspace.Mealsmustbepackagedcarefullysotheywon’tspill(洒落/溢出)intothecabin(oneoftheareasinsideaspacecraft).Waterortinybitsoffoodcouldgetinsideamachineorelectronicdeviceanddamageit.___18___Alooseknifebouncing(弹起)aroundinsidethecabinwouldbedangerous.___19___Theweightofeveryobjectincludedinaspacecraftmustbecalculated(计算)inordertoensurethatthereisenoughfuelandpowertocarrythecraftsafelyintospaceandbackhomeagain.___20___Mostfoodsarestoredinplasticbags,andoften,thefoodsaredehydrated(使脱水).Whenanastronautisreadytoeat,hotwaterisaddedtothemealandwarmitup.Despitealltheserequirements,muchofthefoodeateninspaceisactuallysimilartowhatyoumighteatonanygivenday.A.Believeitornot,theyalsohavefreshfruitsandvegetables.B.Keepingastronauts’physicalhealthisatoptaskforanyspacemission.C.Foodpackagingismadetobeaslightaspossible.D.Tasteisalsoimportant.E.Forthesamereason,sharpknivesandfolksareneverusedonboard.F.Nutritionandpracticality(实用)areimportantthingstoconsider.G.Finally,weightisanimportantconcern.【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.G20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍决定宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃需要考虑的几个因素。【16题详解】上文“First,andpossiblymostimportant,isnutrition(营养).(首先，可能也是最重要的一点是营养。)”是本段的主旨句，说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素；下文“Providingjunkfoodtoeat,suchaspotatochips,sodas,andpizza,wouldmaketheastronautsunhealthy.(提供垃圾食品吃，如薯片、苏打水和披萨，会使宇航员不健康。)”说明了垃圾食品会使得宇航员不健康；B选项：Keepingastronauts’physicalhealthisatoptaskforanyspacemission.(保持宇航员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务。)与本文主旨一致，且与后文形成对比关系，其中的health与后文的unhealthy相对应，符合题意。故选B项。【17题详解】设空句为本段主旨句，根据后文“Ifthefoodthathasbeenprovidedisdistasteful,thentheastronautsmayavoideatingit.(如果提供的食物很难吃，宇航员可能会避免食用。)”说明了食物味道的重要性；D项：Tasteisalsoimportant.(味道也很重要)中的taste与后文的distasteful相对应，符合题意。故选D项。【18题详解】本段主旨句“Thelackofgravityinaspacecraftalsodetermineswhatfoodscanorcannotbeeateninspace.(宇宙飞船中缺乏重力也决定了在太空中什么食物可以吃，什么食物不可以吃。)”说明了重力也是宇航员饮食中需要考虑的因素之一；后文“Alooseknifebouncing(弹起)aroundinsidethecabinwouldbedangerous.(一把松动的刀在舱内弹跳是很危险的。)”说明了刀在太空舱到处弹跳是危险的；E选项：Forthesamereason,sharpknivesandfolksareneverusedonboard(同样的原因，锋利的刀和人在船上从不使用。)中的knife与后文的knife相对应，thesamereason就是指开头的Thelackofgravity，符合题意。故选E项。【19题详解】后文“Theweightofeveryobjectincludedinaspacecraftmustbecalculated(计算)inordertoensurethatthereisenoughfuelandpowertocarrythecraftsafelyintospaceandbackhomeagain.(为了确保有足够的燃料和动力将航天器安全送入太空并返回地球，必须计算航天器中包含的每个物体的重量。)”说明重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素；G选项：Finally,weightisanimportantconcern.(最后，重量是一个重要的问题)与后文的weight相对应，且finally与前文也形成了并列关系，符合题意。故选G项。【20题详解】根据后文“Mostfoodsarestoredinplasticbags,andoften,thefoodsaredehydrated(使脱水).Whenanastronautisreadytoeat,hotwaterisaddedtothemealandwarmitup.(大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且这些食物经常是脱水的。当宇航员准备吃东西时，就会把热水加到饭里并把它加热。)”说明了宇航员食物的包装方式；C选项：Foodpackagingismadetobeaslightaspossible.(食品包装要尽可能的轻)中的packing与后文的stored相对应，light与本段的论点weight相对应，符合题意。故选C项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwasarainyday,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroad.ButmydaughterCarolynhad____21____thatIcometoseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.SohereIwas,____22____makingthetwo-hourjourneythroughthefog.BythetimeIsawhowthickitwasnearthepeak,I’dgonetoofarto____23____.Afterparkingthecar,wewalkedalongapaththatwas____24____withpineneedles(松针).Gradually,thepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.ThenweturnedacornerandIgasped(倒吸气)in____25____.Fromthetopofthemountainwere____26____offlowersflowingacrossvalleys.Amassofcolor-fromthepalestpinktothedeepestyellowtothemostvividred—shonelikeacarpetbeforeus.Itlookedasthoughthe____27____hadspilledgolddownthemountainside.Who____28____suchbeauty?How?Aswe____29____thehouseinthecenterofthefield,wesawasignthat____30____“AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.”Thefirstanswerwas:“One____31____—TwoHands,andVeryLittleBrain.”Thesecondwas:“OnePlantataTime,Startedin1980.”IwassomovedthatIcouldhardlyspeak.“Shestartedover40yearsago,”Ifinallysaid,“probablyjustthebeginningofa(n)____32____,butshekeptatit.”The____33____ofitopenedmyeyestotheworldofthepossible.“Imagine,”Isaid,“ifI’dhadavision(愿景)andworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmightIhave____34____?”Carolynsmiled.“Starttomorrow,”shesaid,“____35____yet,starttoday.”21.A.insisted B.contacted C.announced D.ordered22.A.officially B.actually C.unwillingly D.faithfully23.A.rushout B.turnback C.pullover D.moveon24.A.wet B.flat C.thick D.wide25.A.fear B.sight C.doubt D.amazement26.A.rivers B.kinds C.pairs D.varieties27.A.storm B.wind C.sun D.moon28.A.advanced B.copied C.revised D.created29.A.quit B.decorated C.neared D.left30.A.wrote B.read C.called D.appeared31A.Man B.People C.Expert D.Woman32.A.idea B.doubt C.guess D.joke33.A.inspiration B.wonder C.flash D.form34.A.realized B.improved C.challenged D.risked35.A.Later B.Closer C.Faster D.Better【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.C25.D26.A27.C28.D29.C30.B31.D32.A33.B34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者和女儿在一个雨天开车来到山顶，被山谷间的花海深深震撼住了。通过老妇人种植花海的事情，作者明白了即使每天坚持做一点点，最后也能有大不同。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我女儿卡罗琳坚持要我到山顶去看些东西。A.insisted坚持；B.contacted联系；C.announced宣布；D.ordered命令。根据上文“Ihadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroad.”可知，作者并不想驱车走山路，结合后文“SohereIwas”可知，作者确到了山顶，所以应是女儿坚持让作者去山顶看看。故选A。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：于是我来到这里，不情愿地在雾中走了两个小时的路程。A.officially正式地，官方地；B.actually事实上；C.unwillingly不愿意地；D.faithfully忠诚地。根据前文“Ihadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroad.”可知，作者并不想开车走山路，所以是不情愿地走了两个小时的路程。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我看到山顶附近的雾有多厚时，我已经走得太远了，无法返回了。A.rushout冲出去；B.turnback折回，往回走；C.pullover靠边停车；D.moveon继续前进。根据“BythetimeIsawhowthickitwasnearthepeak,I’dgonetoofar”可知，作者走了太远的路而无法返回。故选B。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：停车后，我们沿着一条松针密布的小路走。A.wet潮湿的；B.flat平坦的；C.thick茂密