2023版高三一轮总复习英语（译林版）教案：第1部分 选择性必修第4册 UNIT 1 Honesty and responsibility

UNIT1Honestyandresponsibility

>>>_________________基础知识梳理___________________

JICHUZHISHISHULI构建知识体系

课标单词背诵

（先填后背）

第一组

1.barely或打.刚好;仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才

2.appointmentn.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务

3.jawn.下巴，颌

4.diamondn.钻石

5.worthwhile。力.值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的

6.collar/?.衣领；颈圈；圈，箍

7.bless”.（表示惊奇）;祝福

8.inchn.英寸；少量，短距离

9.outline”概述,略述〃.概述；轮廓线，略图

10.arrestn.&".逮捕，拘捕

11.业返〃给（某人）打电报；接通（电源）〃.金属丝；电线；铁丝网

12.criminaln.罪犯。功.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的

13.anyhowado.不过,总之；尽管如此；而且；随便地

14.innocent无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜

者，单纯的人

15.皿1。的••合法的；法律的

16.principlen.道德原则；法则；信条

17.decenta力.正派的,合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的

18.geophysicistn.地球物理学家

19.corea力.核心的,最重要的n.核心，最重要的部分

20.resigna&oi.辞职,辞去

21.wardn.病房

22.substantiala力.大量的,价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的

第二组

23.mineraln.矿物，矿物质

24.superba力.极佳的,卓越的，质量极高的

25.ashameda力.惭愧,羞愧，尴尬

26.forgive。/.&式原谅,宽恕；免除（债务）

27.cheat0f.欺骗,蒙骗oi.作弊，舞弊

28.wrap包,裹，用...缠绕/?.披肩，围巾；包裹材料

29.parceln.包裹，小包；一块地“裹好，打包

30.bown.蝴蝶结；弓oi.鞠躬；低（头）

31.nephewn.侄子，外甥

32.wrinklen.皱纹；褶皱，皱痕口.&式.（使脸上）起皱纹，皱起；起褶皱

33.phase/?.阶段，时期

34.mercyn.仁慈，宽恕

35.likewiseado.同样地;也，而且

36.deadlinen.最后期限，截止日期

37.integrityn.诚实正直；完整，完好

38.organica力.有机的,统一的；绿色的；不使用化肥的；生物的

39.starfishn.海星，星鱼

40.discouragedadj.灰心的

41.garbagen.垃圾；废话

42.savingn.节省物，节省；储蓄金

43.bonusn.意外收获；奖金，红利

44.sowvr.&vz.（sowed,sown）播种，种

［单词拼写.运用］

核心单词语境运用

1.suspectvt.&况.疑有,觉得n,嫌疑用所给词的适当形式填空

犯，可疑对象1.Mr.Bisselladmiresthearchitectural

2.pretendoz'.&".假装;装扮，扮作；wonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahe

自诩，自认为getsatasteofpolicemethodswhen

3.quoten.引语”&式.引用，引述；suspected(suspect)ofdrugdealing.

举例说明2.Oneofhisgreatestfaults(fault)isthat

hetalkstoomuch.

4.harvestn.收成，收获量；收获季节，

3.Thismaterialwasthenputintocotton

收割”&况.收割,捕猎

bagswhichwereweighedandthen

5.virtuen.美德；正直的品性；优点

sewn(sew)up.

6.faultn.过错，责任；弱点，缺点

4.Heaskedwhowewereand

7.sewvi.&vh(sewed，sewn)缝,做针

pretended(pretend)nottoknowus.

线活；缝上

5.Theprofessorsearchedabookfora

passageworthquoting(quote).

6.Brazilharvested(harvest)28million

bagsofcoffeein1991,thebiggestcrop

forfouryears.

7.Amonghermanyvirtues(virtue)are

loyalty,courage,andtruthfulness.

派生单词语境运用

1.appointvt.约定；任命fappointment用所给词的适当形式填空

n.约定，约会；任命，委托；职务1.MaryandIhadappointedtomeetat

2.relyv.依赖；信赖freliablea力.可theshoppingcenter,butshefailedto

信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠keeptheappointment,soIwasvery

的freliablyadv.可靠地angry,(appoint)

2.Myfriendisareliableperson,andyou

3.guide指导fguidance几.指导；导

canrelyonitthathewillgiveyoua

航

hand.(rely)

4.disappoint”.使失望；使扫兴

3.Tomyparents?disappointment,my

—disappointmentn.失望；沮丧

disappointingmathsgradegreatly

—disappointedL力.失望的;沮丧的

disappointedmyparents,andtheir

—disappointinga的.令人失望的；令人沮

disappointedlookurgedmetostudy

丧的harderthen.(disappoint)

5.guiltn.内疚；犯罪-guiltya力.感到4.Notonlyprovidinglearningguidance,

内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失butalsohelpingchildrenbuildahealthy

的andpositiveviewoflife,wecanalso

guidethemtosetuptheirrightdirection

6.photograph”.照片”给...照相

inlife.(guide)

-photographern.摄影师，拍照者

5.Whenwefeelguiltyforeitherletting

-photographyn.摄影

ourselvesorsomeoneelsedown,mostof

7.sociala力.社会的fsocialista力.社会

usarereallyexperiencingfalse

主义的n.社会主义者fsocialismn.社

guilt,(guilt)

会主义

6.Mydadwasnotaprofessional

photographer,butheloved

photography,(photograph)

7.Hethoughtofhimselfasasocialist,

buthistheorywasaveryBritishsortof

socialism,(social)

高考热点•熟词生义选出鉴件字在句中的妾确汉语意是

1.(2017•全国卷I)Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.

A

A.固定B.抛锚C.担任

2.(2016•全国卷I)Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfroma

donor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hours

atmost.B

A.收害UB.采集c.捕猎

［短语理解・运用］

高频短语

1.teardown拆毁，拆除

2.makeone，sfortune发贝才

3.losecontact失去联系

4.arminarm臂挽着臂

5.underarrest被逮捕

6.atthemercyofsb./sth.任...处置，对...无能为力

7.weighonsb./sth.使焦虑不安，加重...的思想负担

8.makecontributionsto为.作出贡献

9.livealie过骗人的生活，为人虚伪

10.franklyspeaking坦率地说

语境运用

选用左边短语的适当形式填空

1.DeterminedtomakehisfortuneinSouthAmerica,MarkTwainsetofffromhis

homeforNewOrleansinhisteens.

2.Thecitywillteardownthebuildingandcreateapark.

3.MotherandsonlostcontactwhenNicholaswasinhisearlytwenties.

4.Notonlycrops,butalsofamilyincomeandnutritionareatthemercyofrain

clouds.

5.Betrueandbehonesttoyourself.Donotlivealie.

［句式辨识・运用］

教材原句背诵句式结构仿写

1.不定式短语作主语

Todothisistocutthefoottofittheshoe.

Tolivealifeofhonestyandintegrityis

这样做是削足适履。

aresponsibilityofeverydecentperson.

AtthefootofMountTaisits/liesa

2.地点状语位于句首引起的全部倒装

beautifulmoderncity—Tai'an.

Inthedoorwayofastorestoodaman,

一个美丽的现代都市——泰安坐落于

withanunlitcigarinhismouth.

泰山脚下。

3.现在分词短语作状语Tobeginwith,anewstadiumhasbeen

However,theboywasnotdiscouraged,builtup,becomingthenewlandmarkin

believingthathecouldmakeaourschool.

differencetotheonesthathesaved.首先，一座新的体育馆已被建造，成为

我们学校的新地标。

>>>重唯考点探究

ZHONGNANKAODIANTANJIU突破思维瓶颈

1.appointment［课本义］〃.约定,约会；任命，委托；职务

［增补义］".被任命的人，受委任的人

(1)makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人约定

keep/breakanappointment守/违约

(2)appoint任命；委派;安排，指定(时间、地点)

appointsb.as/tobe…任命某人为...

appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事

(3)appointed时.约定的

Ihavemadeanappointmentwithmydentisttohavemytoothpulledoutthis

afternoon.

今天下午我和牙医约好给我拔牙了。

厂......语块存储.......................

attheappointedtime/place在约定的时间/地点

appointhimtoassistthechildren指派他来帮助这些孩子

makeanappointmentwiththedoctor和医生预约一下时间

appointhimas/tobeheadteacherofourschool任命他为我们学校的校长

【基础练习】——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Mycousinwasappointedtotake(take)chargeofalltheactivitiesonthatday.

②Tomysurprise,shedidn，taccepttheappointment(appoint)asmayorofthe

city.

(3)HewasappointedgeneralcoachofChineseMen'sTableTennisteam,

developingexcellentplayersoneafteranotherseneral前力口as

【链接写作】——一句多译

被任命为团队教练之后，他从纽约来到这里。

①Afterhewasappointedtobecoachoftheteam,hecameherefromNew

York.（时间状语从句）

②Appointedtobecoachoftheteam,hecameherefromNewYork.（过去分词

短语作状语）

2.suspectRi果本义皿&式.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象

［增补义］以猜疑（是）,觉得（是）

（高考原句・2020•天5拿卷）Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,

andswitchesiton.

（l）suspectthat…怀疑...

suspectsb.of（doing）sth.怀疑某人（做）某事

suspectsb./sth.tobe...怀疑某人/某物为...

⑵suspecteda一被怀疑的，可疑的

⑶suspicion〃,怀疑，疑心

undersuspicion被怀疑

Isuspectthatheismoreorlessinvolvedintheaffair.

我猜他和这件事有点牵连。

’......语块存储........二

suspecthimtobetherobber怀疑他是那个抢劫犯

severalmembersundersuspicion被怀疑的几个成员

suspecthimofforgettingthepurse怀疑他遗忘了钱包

suspectthemanofinvolvementinthebombing怀疑这位男子参与这起爆炸事

件

【基础练习】——单句语法填空/单句改错

@Susgected（suspect）ofbeinginvolvedintheattemptedmurder,shewas

questionedbythepolice.

②Thebosssuspectedhimabouttakingthecomputerawayfromthe

company.about-^of

【链接写作】一一句多译

我怀疑他是小偷。

①Isuspecthimtobethethief,(tobe)

(2)1suspecthimofbeingthethief,(of)

(3)1suspectthathe'sthethief.

【名师点津】与suspectsb.ofsth.结构相同的短语还有：

(Dremindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事

②robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物

③accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事

©informsb.of/aboutsth.通知某人某事

⑤warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事

3.ashamed［课本义］惭愧，羞愧，尴尬

［增补义］。丝耻于；不愿

(高考原句・2020•全国卷I)Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,our

mistakesandourfailures.

(l)feel/beashamedof(doing)sth.对(做)某事感到羞耻/惭愧

feel/beashamedtodosth.因做某事感到羞愧

feel/beashamedofsb.替某人感到羞耻/惭愧

feel/beashamedofoneselffordoing…某人因做了...而感到羞愧

(2)shamen.羞愧；羞耻

Ifsashamethat.../Whatashamethat.........真让人遗憾

Whatashame/pity!真可惜！

Hewas/feltashamedofcheatingintheexam,determinednevertodosuch

thingsagain.

他因在考试中作弊而感到羞愧，决定再也不做这样的事情了。

’......语块存储....................

makemeashamedofhim让我为他感到羞耻

beashamedofwhatshehasdone为她的所作所为感到惭愧

feelashamedofhavingdonesolittle为干得太少而感到羞愧

【基础练习】——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Iamashamedtosay(say)thatIliedtoher.

②Iwasfat,andIwasashamedaboutitasitwasknown.about-^of

【链接写作】——一句多译

他因工作落后而感到羞愧。

①Hewas/feltashamedtobebehindinhiswork.(ashamedtobe)

②Hewas/feltashamedofhimselfforbeingbehindinhiswork.(ashamedof

oneself)

4.disappointed［课本义］a四失望的，沮丧的

［增补义心存(希望，期望)破灭的

(高考原句・2021•全国甲卷)Hefeltdisappointed.

(l)bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而失望

be/feeldisappointedat/about/with…对...感到失望

(2)disappoint”使失望；使扫兴

disappointinga中令人失望的

disappointmentn.失望

(much)toonesdisappointment=toone，s(great)disappointment使某人(非常)

失望的是

Weweredisappointedthattheycouldnotlearnthelessonofhistory.

他们没能吸取历史的教训，使我们感到很失望。

’......语块存储.....................A

bedisappointedwithmyself对我自己感到很失望

bedisappointedtoseetheresult看到结果很失望

adisappointingperformance一场令人失望的演出

bedisappointedattheresultofthegame对比赛结果很失望

【基础练习】——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing(disappoint).

②Wheneverhedidn，tperformwellinhisstudies,hismotherwouldblamehim

bitterly,expressingherdisappointment(disappoint).

③Wewerealldisappointedtolearningthatthepicnichadbeen

cancelled.leamingflearn

【链接写作】——一句多译

使我们大失所望的是野餐那天下起雨来了。

①Toourgreatdisappointment,itrainedonthedayofthepicnic.(great)

②Muchtoourdisappointment,itrainedonthedayofthepicnic.(much)

5.pretend［课本义］况.&”假装；装扮,扮作；自诩,自认为

［增补义］况.&a.自命,自称

pretendtobe...假装是...

pretendtodosth.假装要做某事

pretendtobedoingsth.假装正在做某事

pretendtohavedonesth.假装已经做过了某事

pretend(that)…假装...

Ihadbeenlyingtomyself,pretendingthateverythingwasfine.

我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切顺利。

’......语块存储.....................A

pretendtobeasleep假装睡觉

pretendtobereading假装正在读书

pretendtohaveforgottentheconversation假装忘记了那次谈话

IJ

【基础练习】——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Marypretendednottosee(see)mewhenIpassedby,whichmademevery

angry.

②Shepretendedtobeathomewhenwerangthebell.to前力口not

【链接写作】——句式升级

(普通表达)Hepretendedtohavefinishedhishomeworkalready.

(高级表达)Hepretendedthathehadfinishedhishomeworkalready.(宾语从句)

6.mercy［课本义］〃.仁慈，宽恕

［增补义］".怜悯

(1)showmercytosb./havemercyonsb.怜悯某人

atthemercyof...任...处置；对...无能为力

it'samercythat.............真是万幸

withoutmercy毫不留情地

(2)bemercifulto/towardssb.对某人仁慈

It，samercythattheaccidenthappenedsoclosetothehospital.

很侥幸，这次事故发生在离医院不远处。

’......语块存储.......

begformercy乞求宽恕

betreatedwithmercy受到仁慈的待遇

learntoshowmercytoothers学会宽恕别人

k_______________________J

【基础练习】——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Aftertheboat，smotorfailed,theywereonlyatthemercyofthesea.

②Itwasthemercythatshewasn'tseriouslyhurtandwaswaitinguntilthe

rescuearrived.第一个thefa

【链接写作】一一句多译

他们要她对犯人心存怜悯。

①Theyaskedhertoshowmercyto/havemercyontheprisoners.(mercy)

②Theyaskedhertobemercifulto/towardstheprisoners.(merciful)

7.discouraged［课本义］a分灰心的，泄气的

［增补义］。中沮丧的；气馁的

(高考原句・2021•全国甲卷)Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkers

becomediscouragedandgiveup?

(l)discourage”.使灰心；劝阻

discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心

(2)discouraging或『(物)令人泄气或沮丧的

discouragementn.泄气；沮丧

Allherstrengthdrainedoutwhenshewasdiscouragedinwhatshewasdoing.

当做事遇到挫折时，她所有的劲头也就丢光了。

’......语块存储.....................

discouragemefromdoingso劝阻我不要那样做

beneverdiscouragedbydifficulties从没因困难而泄气

suchadiscouragingseriesofevents这么一连串令人沮丧的事

【基础练习】——单句语法填空/单句改错

①（2017•全国卷I）Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouraged（discourage）bymyslow

progress,Iwasexcited.

②Studentswillsoongetdiscouragingifyoucriticizethemtoo

often.discouragingfdiscouraged

【链接写作】——词汇升级

（普通表达）Wehopethebadweatherwon'tstoppeoplefromcomingalong.

（高级表达）Wehopethebadweatherwon'tdiscouragepeoplefromcoming

along.

【名师点津】discourage是及物动词，当后面没有宾语的时候，要考虑使

用被动结构，如将“不要气馁”译成英语，不是“Don'tdiscourage."，而是“Don't

bediscouraged."。discourage后面不接不定式作宾语，也不接不定式作宾补。

8.losecontact失去联系

losecontactwith与...失去联系

makecontactwith与...进行来往；接触

getincontactwith与...取得联系

beincontactwith和...接触,有联系

stay/keepincontactwith和...保持联系

beoutofcontactwith和...失去联系

Havingbeenseparatedfor10years,IfinallymadecontactwithherinParis.

分别10年后，我终于在巴黎同她取得了联系。

厂......语块存储.....................

losecontactwiththeenemy失去敌人的踪迹

makecontactwiththatperson接触那个人

getincontactwiththem与他们取得联系

k____________________________________；

【基础练习】——单句语法填空/单句改错

①IhavelostcontactwithmostofmyschoolfriendssinceImovedtoCanada.

②Parentsareencouragedtokeepcontactwithschoolbusmonitorsincasebuses

arelate.keep后力Uin

【链接写作】——句型转换

Itis10yearssinceImadecontactwithhim.

f①Ihavebeenincontactwithhimfor10years.

f②Wehavekept/stayedincontactwitheachotherfor10years.

9.However,theboywasnotdiscouraged,believingthathecouldmakea

differencetotheonesthathesaved.

然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。

~~(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等，

可相当于一个状语从句。

(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)，完成式(havingdone)以及完

成被动式(havingbeendone)□

(3)一般情况下，现在或过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，

如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语不和句子主语一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主

语，构成分词独立结构。

【金句推送】

(2018•全国卷II)ThefilmwillbeshownthisSundayafternoon,lasting2hours,

from4：00to6：00.

这部影片将在本周日下午放映，持续两个小时，从4：00到6：00o

【基础练习】——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Allofasudden,hestooddirectly,representing(represent)hisideastothe

peoplepresentatthemeeting.

②Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthe

grassland,fbrstaringatthenightsky.去掉for

【链接写作】——句式升级

①(普通表达)IntheChineseNewYear,whentheyeatNiangao,peoplemay

thinkof“Nian”.

(高级表达)IntheChineseNewYear,eatingNiangao,peoplemaythinkof

“Nian”.(现在分词作状语)

②(普通表达)As/Becauseshefoundthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedto

movetoalowerlevel.

(高级表达)Findingthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalower

level.(现在分词作状语)

【名师点津】①现在分词作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词前

面。

②用现在分词还是过去分词作状语的关键是要分清与逻辑主语之间的关系，

是主动还是被动，其次就是分清其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。

>>>关键能力评估

GUANJIANNENGLIPINGGU强化运用技能

夯基固本—基础强化

I.用所给词的正确形式填空

1.Appointed(appoint)aspresidentoftheuniversityyesterday,heisgivinga

speechontheplatformnow.

2.Theshopkeepersweretoldtokeepthesuspectedfsuspect)manunderconstant

observation.

3.Inclass,studentsshouldnotbeashamedtoask(ask)theteacherquestions.

4.1wenttohisspeechwithgreatinterest,buttomydisaDpointmnnt(disappoint),

nothingverynewcameforth.

5.HedecidedtohelpmebutIpretendedtohavefinished(finish)myjobalready.

II.改正句中的错误

1.Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeltsorryformyself.

fekffeeling

2.Ithinkmyuncle，sdeathwasmercifulreleaseformypooraunt.

was后力Ua

3.Wediscouragedsmokeinthisschoolbutlittlehasbeenachieved.

smokefsmoking

4.SinceImovedtoCanada,Ihavehadopportunitiestomakingcontactwith

othermusicaltraditionsandplaywithmastermusicians.

makingfmake

5.Don，tgetdiscouraging；youarenewtotheworkafterall.

discouraging—discouraged

in.在空白处填入一个适当的词

1.Toworkoutaplan,IhavemadeanappointmentwithJim.

2.Hisfathersuspectedhimoftakingthemoneyawayfromthedrawer.

3.Whatashame!Sheshouldfailthisround.

4.Theprincewasgreatlydisappointedatguessingwrongandwentaway.

5.Themanagerhadmercyonthechildrendressedinragsandgavethemsome

food.

6.Hisparentstriedtodiscouragehimfromgoingabroad,butfailed.

7.PetertriedtomakecontactwithLucyoverthephone,buthefailed.

查缺补漏——知识拾遗

I.用所给词的正确形式填空

1.Theyare,frankly(frank)speaking,thebestchildrenIhaveeverseen.

2.Theybelievedthatwhattheyweredoingwasvitalforthebettermentof

society(social).

3.Hewasarrested(arrest)fordrunkennessonhiswaytothefootballground.

4.Doyoubelievethatsentencesforcriminals(criminal)aretoughenoughat

present?

5.Thecircumstancecouldbealtogetherinnocent(innocence),butsuspicions

havebeenraised.

6.Theschoolislegally(legal)responsiblefbryourchild'ssafety.

7.Formonthshehadbeenunderpressuretoresign(resign)andwasabouttobe

sidelinedanyway.

8.Isthereanythingyoucandotopreventwrinkles(wrinkle)?

9.Sheparceled(parcel)somefoodfortheboystocarrytotheirpicnic.

10.Hewasnotamanwhofounditeasytoforgive(forgive)andforget.

II.在空白处填入一个适当的词

1.Wewentskippingdownthestreetarmjnarm.

2.YouareunderarrestforthemurderofPierreFuquet.

3.Thisweighedonmyheart,andIaskedAndywhereIcouldlearnmoreabout

it.