宾语从句语法

Unit2Ithinkthatmooncakesaredelicious!2023/12/181MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchoolThey

know

theteacher.They

know

thattheteacherisaman.

22023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念二、宾语从句的三要素：3MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool1、关联词(引导词）：that,if,whether,what,who,where,why和how等。2、语序：宾语从句用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”。3、时态：(1)主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可根据具体情况而定；（2）当主句用一般过去时时态时，宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。thatwhether/if

what,who,whom,which,whose

when,where,how,why

42023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool怎样选择引导词？怎样选择引导词？1.宾语从句的引导词特殊疑问句：Whoishe?陈述句：Heisastudent.一般疑问句：Isheastudent?我不知道他是谁？我问他是否是个学生。他说他是个学生。Watch52023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool结论1：陈述句作宾语，引导词用

,无词义，不作句子成分，可以省略thatheisastudent.Hesays_________________thatPractice：句型转换HelivesinBeijingIguess……Iguess（that）heIivesinBeijing.“Heisastudent.”62023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool结论2：一般疑问句作宾语，引导词用

,有词义表“是否”，

句子成分。whether/ifheisastudent.Iaskhim_________________________whether或if不作Practice：DoesJackcomefromJapan?Doyouknow…?Doyouknowwhether/ifJackcomesfromJapan.

(陈述句语序)“Isheastudent?”2023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool72023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool8If与whether的区别Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whetherIdon’tknow_____________whoheis.结论3：特殊疑问句作宾语，引导词用

，该词

句子成分。原疑问词Practice

Wheredoeshecomefrom?Idon’tknow…Idon’tknowwherehecomesfrom.（陈述句语序）作“Whoishe?”92023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool

引导词

句子类型that陈述句一般疑问句if/whether特殊疑问词特殊疑问句宾语从句的基本结构：

。主语+及物动词+引导词+陈述句102023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool2、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分2023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool111.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.

Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?

Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.

Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?

Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?

Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?2023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool124.DoesheknowFrench?

Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.

Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?

They’renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.

They’renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.2023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool131.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?Doyouknow?

2.Mr.SmithhasbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.JimtellsLinTao.

Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?JimtellsLinTao(that)MrSmithhasbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.

2023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool143.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?Pleasetellme.4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Ourteachertoldus.PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.Ourteachertoldus(that)lighttravelsfasterthansound.2023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool15Idon’tknowyouwanttotakepartinthecompetition.162023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool结论：主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态

。可以是_______时态。主句为现在时主句为现在时3.宾语从句的时态根据具体情况而定任何Iheardanewrestaurantwouldbeopenedinthecitynextmonth.Ididn’tknowyouwanted

totakepartinthecompetition.Shetoldusshehadborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.172023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool结论：主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要

。主句为过去时主句为过去时用与其相应的过去的某种时态结论：当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时一律用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2023/12/18MadebylynninSuheMiddleSchool18所谓感叹句，就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。近年来，感叹句的构成及转换是中考常考的考点之一。感叹句一般由“what”和“how”来开头的句子“what”修饰名词，“how”修饰形容词和副词What和How引导的感叹句1.Whata/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式（+主语+谓语）！2.What+形容词+可数名词复数形式（+主语+谓语）！3.What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！WhatHow1.How+形容词（+主语+谓语）！2.How+副词（+主语+谓语）！3.How+主语+谓语！What引导的感叹句"what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），名词前可有其它定语成份（即：形容词或冠词）。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。一般有三种形式，此时what为形容词，作定语，用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。1.what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！

What

aninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀！

What

agoodgirlsheis!

她是个多么好的一个女孩啊！2.what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！

Whatheavysnowitis!多么大的雪呀！

Whatbadweatheritis!多么糟糕的天气！3.what+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!

Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!

多么漂亮的花啊！

Whatgoodstudentstheyare!

他们是多么好的学生啊！"how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，How引导的感叹句有三种结构形式。此时how是副词，用来修饰其后的形容词或副词，也可以修饰动词。1、How+形容词+主语+谓语！例如：Howcolditistoday!

今天多么冷呀！

Howhotitistoday!

今天多么热呀！

2、How+副词+主语+谓语！例如：Howfast

Mikeisrunning!

迈克跑得真快呀！

Howfastheruns!

他跑得多么快呀！3、How+主语+谓语（陈述句）！例如：Howheloveshisson!他是多么的爱他的儿子！

Howtimeflies!光阴似箭！表示同一意义时，感叹既可用"what“

引导，也可用"how"引导①Whatahotdayitis!

Howhotthedayis!

多么热的天气呀！②Whattallbuildingstheyare!

Howtallthebuildingsare!多么高的楼房呀！③Whatbadweatheritis!

Howbadtheweatheris!

多么糟糕的天气呀！④Whatbrightsunshineitis!

Howbrightthesunshineis!

多么明亮的阳光呀！表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常省略其后面的主语和谓语①Whatafineday（itis）!

多么晴朗的天呀！②Whatanhonestboy!

多么诚实的孩子呀！③Whatredapples（theyare)!

多么红的苹果呀！④Howcool!

好凉快呀！⑤Howwonderful!

精彩极了！

口语中常用:

Whatapity!

真遗憾！Whatashame!

真遗憾!真可耻！1.客观真理,时态不变:

宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理等时,不论主句是何种时态,从句的时态都用一般现在时。2.否定前移:

当主句谓语动词为think,suppose,guess,believe等,并且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定词应转移为对主句谓语动词的否定,即否定前移。

三、宾语从句运用中的“三注意”

Idon’tknowwhat

Icansaynext.=Idon’tknow

whattosaynext.Hedoesn’tknowwhere

hecanmakeaphonecall.=Hedoesn’tknowwheretomakeaphonecall.3.主句和从句的主语为同一人，宾语从句可转换为动词不定式结构。如下所示：宾语从句三要素：连接词

that（陈述句）

if/whether（一般疑问句）

who;whom;whose;which;what

when;where;why;how(特殊疑问句)时态

主句为一般现在时，

从句可以是任何时态

主句为一般过去时，

从句进行相应的变化

客观真理，自然现象等不变语序陈述语序宾语从句小结句型转换。“IwanttoworkinBeijinginthefuture.”Marysays.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Marysaysthat___________toworkinBeijinginthefuture.2.HowcanIgettotheSpaceMuseum?Couldyoutellme?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Couldyoutellme_____________gettotheSpaceMuseum?shewantshowIcan

【学以致用】1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theymadeit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.that

DABC5.Iwonder_______heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when6.Haveyoufoundout______wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_______shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whetherBABD1.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation2.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike3.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whowasshewaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD4.Couldyoutellmewherewe_______nextweek.A.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoD.willgo5.Couldyoutellmehowmuch________toflytoHainan?A.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcost