定语从句 高锦艳

定语从句盐池高级中学高锦艳◆语法感知1.Iknowyou’redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere，soI’veincludedsomephotos

willhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout.主+谓语+宾语，+关系词+句子

先行词2.Theboys

hadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.主语，+关系词+句子，+谓语……

先行词whichwho先行词关系词3.Butlastweekendanotherteacher，Jenny，andIdidvisitavillage

isthehomeofoneoftheboys，Tombe.4.Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefrom

wehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.whichwhere◆语法精析担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句，定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词来引导，关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且在从句中充当一定的成分。根据关系词与先行词的密切程度，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开。如果去掉它，句子意思就不完整或不明确。译成汉语时，一般先译定语从句，再译先行词。引导限制性定语从句的关系词有：who，whom，that，which，as，whose，when，where，why。其位置一般紧跟在先行词之后，如果先行词再跟介词短语作定语时，定语从句置于后面。2.关系代词意义及作用(要求默写）关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分Who人主、宾Whom人宾which物主、宾that人或物主、宾、表whose人或物定as人或物主、宾Ishetheman（

who/thatwantstoseeyou)？他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)Heistheman(whom/that/whoIsawyesterday).他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that/who在从句中作宾语)Thepackage

((which/that)youarecarrying)isabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)Thegirl

(whoseparentsarebothteachers)isworkinghard.这个父母都是教师的女孩学习很刻苦。(whose表示那个女孩的，在从句中作定语)Helivesinaroom

(whosewindowfacessouth).他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的，在从句中作定语)Idon’tlikepeople

whoalwaysthinkofthemselves.我不喜欢那些总是为他们自己着想的人。Isawabookonthedeskwhosecoverisyellow.我看见了书桌上一本封面是黄颜色的书。翻译：1.你认识那个在车祸中受伤的男孩吗？

2.那个在车祸中受伤的男孩是我的朋友。Doyouknowtheboywho/thatwasinjuredintheaccident?Theboywho/thatwasinjuredintheaccidentismyfriend.3.定语从句先行词为事或物时，只能用that不用which引导的情况：(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。(3)先行词是不定代词all，few，little，much，anything，nothing，something等时。Nothing(thattheteacherdoes)doesn’tinfluencehisstudents.老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。

Thewriterandhisnovel(thatyouhavejusttalkedabout)arereallywellknown.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很出名。(5)先行词被theonly，thevery，no，oneof，few，little，all，every等修饰时。Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat’smissing.我不只是丢了一条项链。(6)在由which等引导的问句中，为避免重复，常用that。Whichisthemoviethatyoulikebest?哪部电影是你最喜欢的？4.在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：(1)当先行词表示物时，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，（即是：介词+关系代词）那么关系代词就只能用which。Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。

(2)在非限制性定语从句中，当关系词表示物时，只能用which。Thesunheatstheearth，whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。

二、关系副词引导的定语从句（要求默写）1.常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)2.意义及作用关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when名词，表时间时间状语why名词，表原因原因状语where名词，表地点地点状语IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIwasforcedtodropoutofschool.我永远也忘不了我被迫辍学的那些日子。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhecamesolate.我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。Theroomwhereheusedtolivehasnowbeenturnedintoamuseum.他过去住的那所房子现在变成了一座博物馆。注意：并非先行词表示时间、原因、地点时都分别用when，where，why来引导相应的定语从句，

若关系词在修饰表示时间、原因或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，

需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。Doyoustillrememberthedays________wespenttogetherinschool?你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗？Thereason_______hegaveforhisbeinglateisunreasonable.他为迟到给出的理由不合理。Thisistheplace______wevisitedlasttime.这是我们上次去过的地方。which/thatthatwhich做宾语，用关系代词三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1.关系代词的选定如果先行词指事(物)，关系代词就用which，指人用whom。Thisistheclassroominwhichwestudiedlastyear.这就是我们去年学习用的教室。ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.这个就是我给他买照相机的飞行员。buysthforsb买某物给某人in

theclassroom2.介词的选定(1)根据先行词来选用介词。ThereasonforwhichIcamehereisthatIwanttogetyourhelp.我来这儿的原因是我想得到你的帮助。Thefarm

onwhichIonceworkedhastakenonanewlook.我曾经工作过的农场呈现出一派新景象。(2)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。Thepersontowhomthisletterwasaddresseddiedthreeyearsago.这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。the

reasonfor…的原因onthefarmaddresstosb写信给..；对某人说，Chinaisabeautifulcountryofwhichwearegreatlyproud.中国是个我们为之感到非常骄傲的美丽国家。(3)根据句意确定介词。Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的、离了它我们无法生存的气体就是氧气。beproudof为…感到自豪cannotlivewithout…..没有…不能活注意：很多情况下，关系副词=“介词＋which/whom”ThedaywhenImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.＝ThedayonwhichImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。Thisisahallwherethemedicalconferencewillbeheld.＝Thisisahallinwhichthemedicalconferencewillbeheld.这是将召开医学会议的礼堂。重点归纳：确定短语从句三部曲：1.句子中有两个谓语动词，没有并列连词。（1）Thereare60studentsinourclass,andmostofthemaregirls.(并列句）（2）Thereare60studentsinourclass，mostofwhomaregirls.(定语从句）2.确定先行词，选关系词，主宾定表用关系代词，状语用关系副词3.介+关系代词，人用whom，物用which；介词看从句谓语，关系词的搭配，和句意。只用that或which，需牢记。◆高考链接Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thegovernmentstartedasoil­testingprogram

givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers.(2018·全国Ⅱ)2.Manywesterners

cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)3.Thelittleproblems

wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017·北京)that/whichwho/thatthat4.Ilivenextdoortoacouple

childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016·北京)5.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_______hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.(2015·天津)6.Iamlookingforwardtotheday

mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.(2014·湖南)7.Acompany

profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.(2014·山东)8.Pleasesendusalltheinformation

youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.(2014·陕西)whosewherewhenwhosethat1.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)或Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)2.Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)whereⅡ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)that/which∧in1.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)或Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)2.Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)which/that达标检测Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Let’smeetatthesameplace

wedidyesterday.2.Itisthemostimportanttask

shouldbefinishedsoon.3.Theoffice

heworksisonthesecondfloor.4.Thatisthereason

heisleavingsosoon.5.Isthisthecar

whichyoupaidahighprice?asthatwherewhyforⅡ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6.Thereasonwhyheshowedusthatdaydidn’tmakesense.7.Weshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentwhich

welive.或Weshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentwhich

welive.8.ItwasthefirstfilmwhichIsawinthatremotevillage.9.Sheisoneoft