高中英语-主谓一致

主谓一致一、语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：JaneandMarylookhealthyandstrong．Thenumberofmistakeswassurprising．解释：主语是thenumber,谓语是waswas；反思：thenumberof通常跟anumberof来对比，anumberof是大量的的意思；后面通常是可数名词的复数，所以谓语也跟着用复数形式，比如anumberofpeoplearerushingtothetoilet.二、意义上一致1.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives．单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia等。2.Thenewswasveryexciting．形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，mathematics等。三、就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or，neither...nor，notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如：EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis．四、应注意的几个问题。名词作主语某些集体名词(如family，team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.Hisfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc.population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。例如：：ThepopulationinChinaisverylarge，andeightypercentofthepopulationinChinaarefarmers.“agroup(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。某些集体名词(如people，police，cattle，militia等)只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。例如：Thepolicearesearchingforhim.单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。例如：Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。例如：MyUncle'sisnotfarfromhere.Thedoctor'sisonthesideofthestreet.常见的省略名词有：thebaker\'s，thebarber\'s，thecarpenter\'s，theZhang\'s，etc,表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。例如：Richardson\'shavealotofleathergoodstosell.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。例如：Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise.TheSelectedPoemsofLiBaiwaspublishedlongago.Threeyearshaspassed.不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and用单数形式。例如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinthefuture.如果主语有morethanone...或manya…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如：Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.在“more+复数名词+thanone\'’结构之后，谓语词一般用复数形式。例如：Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具主语时；谓语通常用复数形式，如scissors，chopsticks，compasses，shoes，trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主语由“akindof，apairof，aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书)，其谓语用单数；短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindsofmen(口语)(这一类人)thiskindofmen的谓语用单数，menofthiskindthesekindsofmenallkindsofMenofthiskindaredangerous.Thiskindofmenisdangerous.复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，作单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means(方法)，works(工厂)，species(种类)，Chinese，Japanese等。例如：The(This)glassworkswassetupinl970．(1970年。)The(These)glassworksareneartherailwaystation(这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。)a，sucha，this，thatall，such，these，those修饰时，谓语用复数。但“means\"，“nomeans\"，“themeans\"等词前没有以上修饰词时，可作单数，也可用作复数。注：work作“工作”解时是不可数名词，作“著作”解时是可数名词，有单复数之分。如果名词词组中心词是all,most,half,rest,part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。例如：Allofthewaterisgone.Allofmyclassmatesworkhard.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture．由连接词连接的名词作主语andboth...and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如：Walkingandridingaregoodexercises．Plasticsandrubberneverrot．但是，并列主语如果指的，是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用：单数形式，这时，and后面的名词没有冠词。例如：Aknifeandforkisonthetable．Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit．Thegirl'steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor．Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy。当主语后面跟有aswellas，asmuchas，nolessthan,alongwith，with,like，ratherthan，togetherwith，but，except，besides，including，inadditionto等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如：Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented.Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited.以or，either...，neither...nor，notonly…butalso等连接的名词(代词)作主语，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。例如：NeitheryounorInoranybodyelseknowsanythingaboutit..Eitheryouorheistogo.Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.代词作主语名词型物主代词后的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。例如：Ours(OurParty)isagreatparty．ourshoesareblack，mine(=myshoes)arebrown．such，thesame起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。例如：Sucharehiswords.Suchisourplan.关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.Thosewhowanttogopleaseyou’reyournameshere.疑问代词who,what,which例如：Whatproduce(s)heat?Whichis(are)yourbook(s)?Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu．Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu．不定代词any，either，neither，none，allsome，more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：①单读用作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。例如：Allarepresent,let'sbeginthemeeting．Nowallhasbeenchanged．either，neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或Noneofthemhas(have)seenthefilm.Do(es)anyofyouknowhisaddress?分数、量词作主语某数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数形式。例如：Thebillionisalargenumber．Twelvewereboys.英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法或除法算术式，谓语通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可用复数形式。例如：Threetimesfiveis/arefifteen．Twoand(plus)twois/arefour.Twelvedividedbyfouristhree．Threetakenfromeightleavesfive．在提问加、减、乘、除得数时，如用howmuch，谓语动词多用单数形式；如用howmany，谓语动词多用复数形式。例如：Howmanyaretwotimesfive?Howmuchiseightdividedbytwo?“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成短语，以及由“some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,a(1arge)quantityof,therestof,aheapof,heapsof+名词”构成短语时，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。作主语时，采取就近一致的原则，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是of后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。例如：Aquantityofblouseswereonsale．Alargequantityofbeerwassold．PlentyofEnglishbooksareontheshelf．Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire．Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen．Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth\'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater．A(great)numberof,many,afew修饰可数复数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数；alittle,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Agreatdealoftroubleliesbeforeus.Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelp.withtheautumnharvest.24)(large)quantitiesof数。例如：Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.Thenumber+可数复数名词，theamountof+不可数名词，thequantityof+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如：Theamountofmoneyisgreat.Thequantityofheatintheofficehasnotbeenincreased.Thequantityofbooksinthelibraryisamazing.Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolisincreasing.表示数量的oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式。但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.halfof，(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词或过去分词)”thebrave，thepoor，therich，theblind，theyoung，theold,thesick，thedead，thedeafanddumb，theoppressed，theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。例如：Thedeparted(死者)wasawell-knownengineer．Theblindstudyinspecialschools．alloldman，arichperson，the(a)woundedsoldier从句作主语由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；所指的具体内容若是复数意义，谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如：Whatweneedaredoctors.Whatweneedismoretime.在复数名词引导的从句结构中，关系代词的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。例如：Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.但是，当之前有等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。例如：shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforthemeeting.主谓一致练习Weeach strongpointsandeachofusontheotherhand weakpoints.have,have B.has,have C.has,has D.have,hasAlibrarywithfivethousandbooks tothenationasagift.isoffered B.hasoffered C.areoffered D.haveofferedThepolice determinedtobringbackthemissingboywhenhisfamily almostgivenupallhope.is,has B.are,have C.are,has D.is,haveInthisinstitutionamedaltogetherwithaprizeofcertainsumofmoney gainssuccessinscienceandtechnologyeverytwoyears.aregiventoanyone B.isgiventowhoeverC.aregiventowho D.isgiventowhomYoushouldtryLarryandKevin’srestaurantbecause thebestinthecity.theirsis B.their’sis C.theyare D.their'sareOnlyoneofthestudentswho present tospeakatthemeeting.is,is B.are,are C.are,is D.is,are------ thedollarsabigsumofmoneytohim?------Isuppose .Are,to B.Were,to C.Willbe,to D.Is,soWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactory yet.isnotdecided B.arenotdecidedC.hadnotdecided D.havenotdecidedEitherTomorJanedid homeworkintheclassroom.their B.theirs C.his D.herReadingmagazinesandnovels helpful.is B.are C.have D.hasInspring,manyplantsbloom,which theworldevenmorebeautiful.made B.make C.makes D.havemadeIt'snotyoubutMr.Andersonwho toanswer theincident.are,for B.were,to C.is,for D.was,backTherearetwobooksonthebookshelf. ofthem worth .Both,are,beingread B.All,are,readingC.Neither,is,beingread D.Either,is,readingThenumberofpeopleinvited fifty,butanumberofthem absentfordifferentreasons. (MENT96)were,was B.was,was C.was,were D.were,wereIdon'tthinkthepoor poor.arealways B.hasbeenalways C.isalways D.alwaysareEverymeans triedbutwithoutmuchresult.havebeen B.had C.has D.hasbeenAtthemeetingeachmanandeachwoman praisedbythemanageryesterday.was B.were C.wouldbe D.hadbeenOneandahalfdays whatIneed.was B.is C.are D.wereSixtypercentofthework . A.havebeendoneB.hadbeendone C.hasbeendone D.hasdone neitheryounoryourbrotherinterestedinswimming?Are B.Is C.Do D.DoesSuchfilms shownyesterday notworthseeingagain.thatwas,is B.aswere,are C.aswere,is D.thosewere,areThreefourthsoftheearth'ssurface coveredwithwater.is B.are C.was D.wereAbout85percentofthestudents good,andpartofthem interestedinbiology.is,are B.are,are C.are,is D.is,isPolitics nowtaughtinallschools.is B.are C.be D.beingDoyouknowwhathispolitics ?is B.are C.be D.beingThewounded senttothehospitalatonce.were B.are C.is D.wasTheChinese hard-working.be B.being C.is D.areTheUnitedNations in1945.arefound B.isfound C.wasfounded D.werefoundedOurheadmasterandsecretary kindandstrict.is B.be C.are D.wereMorethanonegirl lateforclassthismorning.are B.is C.was D.wereManyastudent intheexam.havefailed B.hadbeenfailed C.hasfailed D.willbefailedApairofbrokenglasses onthedesk.islaying B.islying C.arelying D.arelayingWhat thepolicelookingfor?is B.are C.will D.didNoboyandnogirl waitingforthebus.are B.be C.were D.isThere I'dliketoanswerthisevening.areoneortwoletters B.hasoneortwolettersC.isoneortwoletters D.haveoneortwolettersGreatquantitiesoffish intheriverinthepastfewdays.iscaught B.arecaughtC.hasbeencaught D.havebeencaughtWhyshedidn'tcomehere quiteclear.arenot B.willnot C.isn't D.werenotWhathesaysandwhathedoes .isnotagree B.arenotagreeC.doesnotagree D.donotagreeNotonlypoliticsbutalsoEnglishisimportant.Inotherword, isimportant.English,aswellaspolitics B.politicsaswellasEnglishC.bothpoliticsandEnglish D.politicsaswellastheEnglishThisistheoneofthebooksonthesubjectthat everbeenwritteninChinese.have B.has C.had D.areTheexamhepaidnoattentionto_himthechancetogotocollege.beingcosted B.costing C.cost D.costsNotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher aboutthematter.aretalking B.istotalk C.havetalked D.arehavingtalkedOntheceilingofourclassroom fourlights.hang B.arehanged C.hanged D.hangsTheworld'ssuppliesofoil gradually upwiththedevelopmentofindustryandtheincreaseofcars.is;used B.arebeing;used C.has;used D.havebeen;usingHeisoneofthestudentswho,Iamsure,alwaysdo best.his B.one's C.my D.theirThepopulationofChina over12millionandeightypercentofthepopulation peasants.A.is;are B.are;is C.is;is D.are;areHesaidthatthetwelfthandlastlesson ratherdifficult.were B.was C.willbe D.areHis“SelectedPoems” firstpublishedin1965.were B.was C.hasbeen D.wereAllbutone herejustnow.is B.was C.hasbeen D.wereMorethan60percentofworld’sradioprogrammes inEnglish.is B.was C.are D.beThewholeclass theteacherattentively.arelisteningto B.islisteningto C.arelisteningD.islisteningAlargenumberofstudentsofthisschool fondofplayingfootball.are B.was C.is D.beMaryaswellashersisters ChineseinChina.arestudying B.havestudied C.studies D.studyI,who yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourlessons.be B.am C.are D.isTendollars abigsumforasmallchild,andtheywillgoalongway.are B.being C.have D.isTherich notalwayshappy.are B.is C.has D.haveApplesofthiskind .tastesgood B.tasteswell C.tastegood D.tastewellNoonebutherparents it.know B.knows C.isknowing d.areknowing59 agoodenoughpriceforthisbook.A.Twoyuansare B.Twoyuanare C.TwoyuansisD.Twoyuanisirdandnobeast inthelonelyisland.areseen B.isseen C.see D.seesThenewsofvictories spreadingfarandwide.is B.are C.havebeen D.wereFewofhisfamily withhisimaginativeideas.agree B.agrees C.areagreed D.isagreedNeitheryourmothernoryou athome.am B.is C.are D.beItisshewho wrong.is B.am C.are D.hasbeen65. welllookedafterinthathospital.A.Woundedare B.WoundedisC.Thewoundedare D.ThewoundedisTwentyofusareold.Therest young.is B.are C.was D.wereTheSmiths tomoveintothenewbuilding.are B.is C.has D.willItissaidthepolice tryingtheirbesttocatchthemurderer.have B.has C.is D.areHere anewpairofshoesforyou.is B.are c.have D.has70.Thebest stillunknown.A.is B.are C.be D.wereBreadandbutter akindoffood.is B.are C.am D.beThewatchandchain ofgold.ismade B.aremade C.weremade D.ammadeHalftheeggs bad.is B.are C.am D.be thispairofglasses herwell?Is…fit B.Do…fit C.Does…fit D.Are…fitAbouteightypercentofthestudentsinhisclass belowsixteen.is