【课件】Unit+4Discovering+useful+Structures+课件-人教版（2019）必修第一册

Grammar

AttributiveClause定语从句1.ReviewthefoundamentalsaboutAttributiveClause,especiallytheRestrictiveAttributiveClause.2.PaymuchattentiontosomeminutedifferencesinAttributiveClause.3.Dosomeexercisestoputwhat’sreviewedintopracticeLearninggoals:Sheisabeautifulgirl.Itisacoffeecup.Itisaninterestingmovie.ItisanMp3playerofgoodquality.Heisafamouswriterwhocomesfromasmalltown.TheAttribute(定语):用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。Definition:Anattributiveclauseisusedtomodifyanounorapronoun.(用来修饰名词或代词的从句)1.单词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.短语和从句作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后，作后置定语.

SheisagirlcalledMary.3.如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。

1.ThebeautifulgirlisMary.

这个漂亮女孩儿是Mary.(定语)2.Thegirlwhoisstandingthere

isMary.

站在那儿的女孩叫Mary.(定语从句)

Thegirlwhoisstandingthere

isMary.定语从句先行词关系词(())关系词关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose人

which,

whose

物that

人或物as

人或物when时间where地点why原因Relativewords2.Classification先行词所指关系代词在从句中充当的成分主语宾语介词+宾语定语人物whosewho/that(whom/who/that)介词+whomwhich/that(which/that)介词+whichwhose先行词所指关系副词在从句中充当的成分

时间状语地点状语原因状语时间地点原因whenwherewhy①who作定语从句的主语或宾语.

Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Theman

isspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语who②whom作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewoman

isateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewomen.分解作宾语whom④whose作定语从句的定语

(whose既可指人，也可指物).Iknowthegirl

whose

motherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’s

motherisateacher.作定语翻译：Ihaveabookwhosecover（封皮）isyellow.whose2.which,that的用法which作定语从句的主语或宾语.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruck（卡车）

which/thatismadeinChina.可省略③that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.Thewoman

(whom/that)

theywantedtovisit

isateacher.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeeting

isaworker.Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.Theman____cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl____ImetisLucy.()3.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook____youboughtyesterday.()

who/thatwhom/who/thatwhosewhich/thatHaveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.Xiamenisacity___Ialwayswantedtovisit.

()2.The book___ I gave you was worth（值）$10.

（

）3.

Iamstayinginthehouse___wasbuilt100yearsago.(

)

that/whichthat/whichthat/which1.只能用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时

Tomis

thecleverest

boy

that

Ihaveeverknown.

Thisis

thefirst

play

thatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时

Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。

MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatsheknows.

I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.⑤先行词同时指人和物时关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,

指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.2.不能用that的情况引导非限定性定语从句时Ireadthebook,whichmademegetalot.3.只用who的情况①先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none等，或先行词为those或被those修饰且指人时。Thestudentsyoushouldlearntfromisthe

one

whoworkshardandstudieswell.②一个句子含有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个的一般用whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.

一、区分使用关系代词和关系副词Step1找出__________，分清它指代___还是___。Step2

分析定语从句缺何种成分（主、谓、宾、定、状、补）Step3根据分析，选择恰当的关系词

1)缺状语:2)缺主语/宾语:3)缺定语:小结：如何选择关系词？用关系副词

when,where,why

用关系代词

who,whom,that,which用关系代词

whose先行词人

物由when,where,why关系副词引导的定语从句。

1）分别在从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语。Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.我知道他为什么来晚了。

IwillneverforgettheDaywhenImetMr.Li.

我永远也忘不了遇到李先生的那天。Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.

这就是我住过五年的地方。关系副词

关系副词=介词+which：

when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.3）注意：IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.NoneofusknowthereasonwhyTomwasabsentfromthemeeting.=onwhich=inwhich=forwhich(1)Thisistheplace_____________wevisited.(2)Thisistheplace_________

welived.(3)Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.(4)Iwillneverforgettheday_________Imetyou.which/that宾语wherewhich/thatwhen状语宾语状语填入合适的关系代词或关系副词，并判断其在从句中充当的成分。(())(())(())(())5.Shetoldmethereason______________shewaslatefor.6.Shetoldmethereason_____shewaslate.6.Shetoldmethereasonfor_______shewaslate.which/thatwhy宾语宾语状语which(())(())(())介词后不能用that来做关系词⑴Thisistheplace_______welivedfor5years.=Thisistheplace________welivedfor5years.⑵Iwillneverforgettheday______ImetMr.Li.=Iwillneverforgettheday________ImetMr.Li.⑶Idon’tknowthereason____hedroppedoutofschool.=Idon’tknowthereason________hedroppedoutofschool.Practice:关系副词与“介词+which”的转换whereinwhichwhenonwhichwhyforwhich四、”介词+关系代词“引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which,whose,whom,不可以用that。其选择依据如下：

1.根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配。

IboughtagreatmanybooksonwhichIspentallmoneythatIsaved.

2.依据与先行词的搭配。

Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.

3.根据所表达的意义。Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.Practice1.Therecorder___whichWangPingspentallthemoneyhasbeenstolen.2.Thisisthebook_____whichyouasked.3.Whenshewasaloneathome,Maryneededafriend_____whomtoplay.onforwith限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句Ilikedogswhoareugly.Thatisthegirlwhocamethismorning.Thatisthebeautifulgirl,whocametoseeyouthismorning.Thegirlcametoseemethismorning,whichwasunexpected.

that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemethismorning,isafriendofmine.非限制性定语从句是对主句进行补充说明。五、由as引导的定语从句由as引导的定语从句

as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。

1.such/so…as…像……一样的，像……之类thesame…as…和……同样的

Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.Themanshowedussoheavyastoneasnoonecanlift.Themanshowedussoheavyastonethat

noonecanliftit.2.

…suchas…such为代词，意思为“这样的人/物”，as修饰先行词such。ThisbookisnotsuchasIhope.3.thesame…as…(同一类)/thesame…that…(同一个)

ItisthesamebagasIlostlastweek.(同一类)ItisthesamebagthatIlostlastweek.（同一个）

几点补充②theway①先行词是those，指人，关系代词用who；TheWHOcommendstheway(that/inwhich)Chinesegovernmentfightsagainsttheepidemic.Theway(that/which)youcameupwithatthemeetingyesterdayiswellworthtrying.

状语主语/宾语thatinwhich×that/which⑤先行词是表示地点的抽象名词

position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere，activity，race，scene时，常用______引到定语从句.Wehavereachedapoint______achangeisneeded.Hegetsintoasituation———itishardtodecidewhatisrightorwrong.Wegottoapoint_______webarelyspoketoeachother.Shethinksdancingisagreatactivity_______everyonecanfindhappiness.Wewilldiscussanumberofcases_______beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.Theconflicthaddevelopedintoastage________thetwocountriesgatheringbigtroopsontheborder.⑥含有强调句的定语从句Wheredidyouhaveabigquarral?Itwasinthepark_____weoftenmet.ItwasonFridaywhenmymothercamebackthatIgotthefirstplace.当强调句和定语从句发生冲突时首选强调句Itwasinthepark_____wewentonacomtepition.定从中关系词做主语时的省略问题Doyouknowthestudentwhoisstandingbythedoor?Thetreeswhichwereplantedbyuslastyeararegrowingwell.Theaccidentwhichhappenedyesterdaycausedalotofdamage.Thetemplewhichdatesbackto300yearsagowillberebuilt.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.IamreadingHarryPotter,_____isaninterestingbook.2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosonsandbothof———areteachers.6.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.whichThiswhich×

thatthemwhom课堂检测

一、语法填空：填入合适