unit12 汉译英中从句的使用

Unit12汉译英中从句的使用~lecture12~汉译英中从句的使用英语复合句由主句和从句构成，从句包括形容词从句（adjectiveclause）、名词从句（nounclause）和副词从句（adverbialclause）。从句的使用是提高汉英水平的突破口。再有，是否使用英语复合句来翻译，主要取决于原文的内在含义，而不是其外在形式。使用形容词从句进行汉译英是，最基本的用法是对应汉语“……的”的结构，如“母亲给她买的生日礼物”（thebirthdaypresenthermotherboughther）,“我童年时代生活的小村庄”（thesmallvillagewhereIspentmychildhood）,“刚才和你说话的小女孩”（thegirlwhowastalkingwithyoujustnow）,“他彻夜难眠的原因”（thereasonwhyheliesawakeallnight但是，这种汉英大体对应的情况只会出现于英语形容词从句修饰名词的时候。如果英语形容词从句修饰代词、短语或句子，汉语往往要换用其它结构。E.g.Helaughsthebestwholaughsthelast(谁笑在最后，谁笑得最美)；Shesaidshewasinatrafficjam,whichwasquitepossible.(她说路上堵车了，这倒有可能);Hetriedtopersuadehiswife,whichwasinvain.(他试图说服妻子，但徒劳无益)；

只有摆脱汉语形式的束缚，把握其各个部分含义的内在联系，才能在译文中充分发挥形容词从句的表达力。形容词从句1.对此我确实无能为力。1）Ihavenopowertochangeit.2).Icanreallydonothingaboutit.3）ThereisreallynothingIcandoaboutit.4)Itisreallybeyondmypowertodoanythingaboutthis.2.我们的忍耐是有限度的。Ourtoleranceisnotunlimited.Ourtolerationhasalimit.Thereisalimittowhatwewilltolerate.Thereisonlysomuchwewillputupwith.3她不喜欢他那样盯着她看。Shedoesn’tlikehimtostareatherlikethat.Shedoesn’tlikethewayhestaresather.4.他滔滔不绝地将一些我根本不感兴趣的话题。HekepttalkingaboutsubjectsinwhichIhadnottheslightestinterest.HerattledawayaboutthingsIhadnointerestinatall.Hetalkednonstopaboutthingsthatdidnotinterestmeintheleast.Talkonandonaboutsomething.5.我想换个工作单位，在那里可以一切从新开始。IwanttochangemyjobsothatIcanstarteverythinganew.IwanttofindanotherjobwhereIcanstartalloveragain.IwanttochangetoanotherworkunitwhereIcanmakeafreshstart.IwanttofindanewjobwhereIcanstartafresh.6.从第一次见到他，我就知道这个人不易相处。FromthefirsttimeIsetmyeyesonhim,Iknewhewasadifficultmantogetalongwith.FromthetimeIfirstsawhim,Iknewhewasnoteasytogetalongwith.FromthemomentIlaideyesonhim,Iknewhewasnotamanonecouldgetalongwitheasily.7.总有一天他要为其所作所为付出代价。Somedayhewillpaythepriceforwhathehasdone.Thedaywillcomewhenhehastoreapwhathehassown.8.人际关系复杂是我不喜欢在那儿工作的原因之一。ComplicatedinterpersonalrelationshipwasoneofthereasonsIdidn’tlikeworkingthere.OneofthereasonsIdislikedworkingtherewasthecomplicatedrelationshipamongthestaff.IntricateinterpersonalrelationshipwasoneofthethingsIdidn’tlikeaboutworkingthere.9.不管遇到什么样的困难，我们都有信心战胜它们。Whatever(adverbialclause)difficultieswemayencounter,wehave(the)confidencetoovercomethem.Wehave(the)confidencetoovercomealldifficultiesthatmayarise.Weareconfidenttosurmountalldifficultiesthatmaycomeourway.

10.饮食中如果不含有人体健康和成长所需的营养成分，就会导致营养不良。Ifadietdoesnotcontainenoughnutrientsneededforhumanhealthandgrowth,malnutritionwillresult.Whenadietdoesnotcontainthenourishmentthebodyneedsforhealthandgrowth,itwillleadtomalnutrition.Anydietthatfailstoprovidenutrientsneededforhealthandgrowthcanleadtomalnutrition.11.他连着三天上班迟到，结果丢了工作。Hewaslateforworkforthreesuccessivedays,sohelosthisjob.Hegotfiredafterbeinglateforworkforthreedaysrunning.Hewaslateforworkthreedaysinarow,whichfinallycosthimhisjob.

12.不管父母怎么说，她依旧我行我素.Shekeptdoingthingsherwaynomatterwhatherparentssaid.Forallthatherparentssaid,shecarriedonjustlikebefore.Nothingherparentssaidcouldmakeherchangeherways.13.他竟然这样恩将仇报，我们对此感到震惊。Weareshockedthatheshouldrepaykindnesswithsuchingratitude.Wearedismayedatthewayhereturnedevilforgood.14.他在上层有一些关系，正因为如此才官运亨通。Hehassomeupper-levelconnections,whichaccountsforhisrapidpromotion.Hehassomehigh-levelconnections,whichiswhyhehasbeenreceivingsuchrapidpromotions.Itishishigh-levelconnectionsthathaveenabledhimtoenjoyasuccessfulofficialcareer.Thankstohishigh-levelconnections,hehasenjoyedrapidadvancementinhiscareer.15.对于那些溺爱孩子，对孩子百依百顺的家长，她颇不以为然。Sheisverycriticalofparentswhospoiltheirchildrenbysatisfyingtheireverywhim.Shedisapprovesofthepracticeofthoseparentswhopampertheirchildrenandcomplywithalltheirwhims.副词从句副词从句在整个句子中起状语作用，一般划分为九种：时间、地点、方式、比较、原因、结果、目的、让步和条件。每种从句都有相应的引导连词，这些连词可以是单字或者词组。在很多情况下，从汉语复句中使用的关联词，很容易找出对应得英语关联词，已构成副词从句。e.g.只要他一进屋，她就不说话了。Shefellsilentwheneverhecameintotheroom.你一旦了解它们的处境，就会改变看法。Onceyouknowtheirplight,youwillchangeyouropinion.但汉英在表达形式上有差别。孩子们现在应该做作业，却在玩儿电子游戏。Thechildrenareplayingvideogameswhentheyshouldbedoingtheirhomework.1.在我最需要你的时候，却哪儿都找不到你。WhenIneededyouthemost,Icouldnotfindyouanywhere.YouarenowheretobefoundwhenIneedyoumost.2.我觉得最好别当老板心情恶劣时向他要求加薪。Ithinkyou’dbetternotaskthebossforapayrisewhenheisinabadmood.Idon’tthinkyoushouldaskthebossforapayincreasewhenheisinabadmood.Idon’tthinkitagoodideatoaskthebossforaraisewhenheisinasulkymood.3.万事开头难。Everythingisdifficultat(in)thebeginning.Thebeginningisthemostdifficultpartofanywork.Allthingsaredifficultbeforepartofanywork.4.苟富贵，勿相忘。Ifanyofusgetsrichandpowerfulsomeday,hemustnotforgetabouttheothers.Ifanyofusshouldattainwealthandrank(status)someday,hemustnotforgetaboutothers.5.父母越是贫困，孩子越是难以得到良好教育，这使整个家庭陷入恶性循环。Thepoorerparentsare,theharderitisfortheirchildrentogetagoodeducation,andthusthefamilyistrappedinaviciouscircle.Thepoorerparentsare,theharderitisfortheirchildrentogetagoodeducation,which

trapsthefamilyinaviciouscircle.6.他假装什么事情都没有发生。Hepretendedthatnothinghadhappened.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.7.这对新人朗才女貌，真称得上是天作之合。Itcantrulybesaidofthenewlywedsthattheirmarriageismadeinheaven,forheisastalentedassheisfair.Withherlooksandhisbrains,thisnewlymarriedcouplemakeaperfectmatch.8.是否真的像许多人认为的那样，婚姻是爱情的坟墓？Ismarriagereallythetomboflove,asmanypeoplethink?Ismarriagereallytheendofromance,asmanypeoplethink?Doesmarriagereallymeananendofromance,asmanybelieve?Doesmarriagereallyputanendtoromanticlove,asmanyassume?Ismarriagereallythedeathknellofromance,asmanypresume?9.旅行比我们原先预计的多用了三天时间。Thejourneytookthreedayslongerthanwehadexpected.Thetriptookthreemoredaysthanwehadexpected.10.有些东西往往要等失去之后人们才知道珍惜。

Peopleoftenfailtoappreciatewhattheyhaveuntiltheyloseit.名词从句名词从句是在整个句子中起名词作用的从句，它能够当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。要在汉译英过程中使用名词从句，在有些情况下比较容易，因为我们从汉语的句子结构中明显看出哪个部分可译为英语的名词从句。e.g.1.他说的什么我一点都不明白。Whathesaidmadenosensetomeatall.2.我认为这个方案在经济上行不通。Ithinkthisplanisfinanciallyunfeasible.3.这是她起初和我们接触的原因。Thisiswhyshegotintouchwithusinthefirstplace然而有些时候，我们无法用简单的对应方式来译，而需要摆脱汉语形式的束缚，使用名词从句给出一种甚至多种通顺的译法。4.这是你研究五年得出的结果？Isthistheresultofyourfive-yearresearch?Isthiswhatyouhavecomeupwithafterfiveyearsofresearch?5.想到他可能回来，她感到了一线希望。Thinkinghemightcomeback,shefeltaglimmerofhope.Thethoughtthathemightcomebackgaveheraglimmerofhope.句子翻译练习1.我不知道你干吗为这件小事生这么大的气。Idon’tunderstandwhyyoushouldgetsoangryatsomethingsotrivial.Ihavenoideawhyyougotsoangryaboutsuchasmallmatter.Itbafflesmewhyyouhittheroofbecauseofsuchatriflingmatter/suchatrifle.

2.你知道你的错误给公司造成多大的损失吗？Doyouknowhowmuchlossyourmistakehadbroughtthecompany?Doyouhaveanyideahowmuchyourmistakehascostthecompany?Doyourealizewhatheavylossesthecompanysufferedbecauseofyourmistake?3．如今孩子们心目中的超级英雄往往令其父母不敢恭维。1)Nowadaysthesuperheroesinchildren’seyesareoftenregardedwithdisapprovalbytheirparents.2)Nowadayswhatthechildrenregardassuperheroesareoftenlookeduponwithdistastebytheirparents.3)Today’sparentsusuallyhavealowopinionofwhattheirchildrenregardassuperheroes.4．前言中概括论述了读者需要预先掌握什么知识才能透彻理解本书所探讨的课题。1)Theintroductionoutlineswhatpriorknowledgeisrequiredofthereaderforathoroughunderstandingofthetopicstreatedinthebook.2)Theintroductionoutlinestheknowledgethereaderneedinadvanceinordertothoroughlyunderstandthetopicsdiscussedinthisbook.5.你必须认识到，你犯的一个小错误就可能使公司失去一个重要客户。1)Youmustrealizethatourcompanycouldeasilyloseanimportantcustomerthroughasmallmistakeofyours.2)Youmustunderstandthatasmallmistakeonyourpartcouldcausethecompanytoloseanimportantclient.6．若需要任何物品进行公关活动，请填写这张表格，向部门主管提出申请。1)Ifanythingisneededforapublicrelationscampaign,pleaseapplytotheheadofyourdepartmentbyfillingoutthisform.2)Whateveryouneedforpublicrelationspurposes,pleasefilloutthisformandsubmitittothesupervisorofyourdepartment.3)ToapplyforwhateveritemsareneededforaPRexercise,pleasefilloutthisformandsubmitittothedepartmentchief.7．他们来不来我根本无所谓。1)Icouldn’tcarelesswhethertheycome.2)Whethertheycamemakesnodifferencetome.3)Itmakesnodifferencetomewhethertheycome.8．这些研究表明，一个人是否曾得到父母经常性的夸奖对其生活有着重要的影响。1)Thesestudiesindicatethateveryperson’slifeislargelyshapedbywhetherheorshereceivedparentalpraise.2)Thesestudiesleavenodoubtthatwhetheronereceivedfrequentparentalpraisehasagreatinfluenceonone’slife.3)Asshownbythesestudies,aperson’slifeisdeeplyaffectedbywhetherheorsheoftenreceivedparentalpraise.9.你可以按照最适合你的方式，选择用现金，支票或者信用卡支付。1)Youcanchoosetopayinthewaywhichismostsuitableforyou----incash,bycheckorcreditcard.2)Youcanpayincash,bycheckorcreditcard----whicheversuitsyoubest.

10.虽然没有人说话，但大家心照不宣：这件事只有打官司解决。1)Noonesaidanything,butitwasunderstoodthattheyhadtotakelegalactiontoresolvethematter.2)Thoughnoonesaidanything,thetacitunderstandingwasthattheywouldhavetogotocourtoverthematter.11.家长满足孩子的一切要求，实际上就是在毁灭他们的前程。Parentsareactuallyruiningtheirchildren’sfuturebygivingthemwhatevertheywant.Bygrantingtheireverywish,parentsareactuallyruiningtheirchildren’sfuture.12.她连续三次被提名为年度最佳女歌手并非偶然。ItisnotbychancethatshehasbeennominatedasBestFemaleSingeroftheYearthreetimesrunning.ItisnotaccidentalthatshehasbeennominatedforBestFemaleSingeroftheYearthreetimesinsuccession/inarow.13.他得到那份工作的可能性不大。Itdoesn’tseemlikelythathewillgetthejob.Hedoesnotseemtostandmuchofachanceofgettingthatjob.Thereseemstobelittlelikelihoodthathewillgetthejob.Theoddsarethathewon’tgetthejob.Thereseemstobeheavyoddsagainsthisgettingthejob.Chancesarethathewon’tgetthejob.14.诸如抽烟或者酗酒这样的坏习惯是否导致恋爱或婚姻破裂，在很大程度上要取决于此人是何时养成这个习惯的。Whetherbadhabitssuchassmokingoralcoholismwillleadtothebreak-upofaromanticormaritalrelationshipdependsmainlyonwhenthepersonfirstgetsintothosehabits.Whetherornotabadhabitsuchassmokingorexcessivedrinkingwilldisruptaromanceormarriageislargelydeterminedbywhenoneofthepartnersfirstacquiresthathabit.15.孩子看上什么家长就会给买什么。Parentswillbuywhatevercatchestheirchildren’sfancy.Whateverchildrentakea