新教材高中英语UNIT5IRSTAI教知识细解码课时分层作业含解析新人教版选择性必修第二册

PAGE1-UNIT5FIRSTAID课时分层作业(十三)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语提示写出单词。1．Thenewsthatherchildwassafeeased(减轻)hermind.2．Theboywastreatedforaminor(轻微的)headwound.3．Alongscarfwaswrapped(裹)roundherneck.4．Thelatesttechniques(技术)inoceanographyarenowavailabletomanymorescientists.5．Themostterrifyingaspectofnuclearbombingisradiation(辐射)．6．Thisvictim(受害者)sufferedadreadfulinjuryandlostalotofblood.7．Apagecameloose(松的)andfloatedontotheground.8．Iusedtotakeabath(洗澡)twiceadaylastyear，morningandnight.9．Anelderly(年老的)couplewalkedalongthesideofthelakeyesterdayafternoon.10．Wegotanambulance(救护车)andrushedhertothehospital.Ⅱ.阅读理解AHeartdiseaseisoneofthemajorkillersintheworldtoday.Manywhosufferfromitmusthavehearttransplants(移植).However,it'sdifficulttogetasuitableheartdonation,andevenifapatientsurvivesthewait,hisorherbodyoftenrejects(排斥)theheart.Butthereisnownewhopeforsufferersofheartdisease.AccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalAdvancedScience,researchersfromIsrael'sTel“Thisisthefirsttimeanyoneanywherehassuccessfullyengineeredandprintedanentireheart，”professorTalDvirtoldCNN.Unliketheprevious3D­printedheartstructure，thenewheartiscompletewithcells,bloodvessels(血管),chambers(心室)andotherstructuresaheartneedstofunctionnormally.Butscientistsstillhavemoretofigureoutbeforethe3D­printedheartcanbefittedintothebody.Foronething，theexperimentalheartisonlythesizeofathumb(拇指)．And，althoughitcancontract(收缩)likeamuscle，itcannotpumpoutbloodlikearealone.Atpresent,theheartprototype(样品)islikeatinyairplanethathasalloftherightparts,butcan'tfly.However,thedevelopmentisstillregardedasamajorbreakthroughinmedicine.Intheexperiment,theresearchersturnedhumanfattissue(脂肪组织)intohumanhearttissuewithstemcell(干细胞)technology.Thetissuewasthenturnedinto“bio­ink”fora3Dprintertoensurethattissueintheheartcamefromthepatientsthemselves.Soideally,ifitweretobeplacedinthebodyofsomeoneinneedofatransplant,therewouldbelessriskoforganrejection.“Patientswillnolongerhavetowaitfortransplantsortakemedicationstopreventtheirrejection，”researcherstoldUSAToday.“Instead,theneededheartwillbeprinted,fullypersonalized(个性化的)foreverypatient.”Butthescientiststhinkthat3Dprintingcanbeusedtocreateotherhumanorgans.Theyforeseeatimewhenthe3Dprintingoforganswillbeaneverydaymedicalpractice.“Maybe,in10years,therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworldandtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely，”Dvirsaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了3D打印心脏的发展、优点以及仍然存在的问题。1．Whyisthe3D­printedheartimportant?A．Itwillbeusedonapatient.B．Itisthefirst3D­printedheart.C．Itwillreplaceaheartdonation.D．Ithasacompleteheartstructure.D[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unliketheprevious3D­printedheartstructure，thenewheartiscompletewithcells，bloodvessels，chambersandotherstructuresaheartneedstofunctionnormally.”可知，与之前的3D打印心脏结构不同，新心脏由细胞、血管、心室和心脏正常工作所需的其他结构组成。由此可知，新的3D打印心脏有一个完整的心脏结构，故选D。]2．Whatproblemdothe3D­printedheartshave?A．Theycosttoomuch.B．Theyaretoosmall.C．Theycan'tcontract.D．Theyarehardtoproduce.B[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Butscientistsstillhavemoretofigureoutbeforethe3D­printedheartcanbefittedintothebody.Foronething，theexperimentalheartisonlythesizeofathumb.”可知，但是，在3D打印的心脏能够植入人体之前，科学家们还有更多的问题要查明。首先，实验心脏只有拇指那么大。由此可知，3D打印心脏的一个问题是它们太小了，故选B。]3．Whywouldtherebelessriskoforganrejectionwiththe3D­printedheart?A．Itwouldbemadewithstemcelltechnology.B．Itwouldbemadefromhumanfattissue.C．Itwouldcomefromapatient'sbody.D．Itwouldbeprintedaccordingtothepatient'scondition.C[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Thetissuewasthenturnedinto‘bio­ink’fora3Dprintertoensurethattissueintheheartcamefromthepatientsthemselves.Soideally，ifitweretobeplacedinthebodyofsomeoneinneedofatransplant，therewouldbelessriskoforganrejection.”可知，3D打印心脏的组织来自患者自身，所以，理想情况下，如果把它放在需要移植的人的体内，器官排斥的风险就会降低，故选C。]4．WhatattitudedoesTalDvirholdtowardthefutureof3Dprintingoforgans?A．Confident. B．Doubtful.C．Worried. D．Confused.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Maybe，in10years，therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworldandtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely，’Dvirsaid.”可知，德维尔说，也许在10年内，世界上最好的医院将会有器官打印机，这些程序将会成为常规操作，这表明德维尔对3D打印器官的未来是有信心的，故选A。]BEmergenciescanhappenanytime，sobeingpreparedforahomefirstaidkit(成套工具)isimportantforyourfamily.Havingaproperoneinyourhomeisaneasybutnecessarypartofgoodemergencypreparation.PickagoodcontainerOnegoodchoiceisalargetranslucentplasticcontainer,whichmakesiteasytoseethematerialsinside.Lunchboxesarealsoanothergoodchoice.Basically,ifit'sbigenough,andatleastsomewhatwaterresistant,itcanmakeagoodcontainer.Regardlessofyourcontainerchoice,itshouldbeeasytorecognize,sowrite“FIRSTAID”onitwithamarker.TeachyourfamilyaboutthekitForyoungerchildrenwhoshouldn'tusetheitemsinthekit,teachthemwhereit'slocated,sotheycouldshowavisitor,relativeorbabysitter.Forolderchildrenandadults,instructthemonhowtousetheitemsinit.Useafirstaidinstructionbooklet,likethoseavailablefromtheAmericanRedCrossforguidanceandplaceabookletinthekitforreference.Keepyourkitup­to­dateNoonewantstofetchafirstaidkitandfindthebandageboxemptyorthepainrelieversexpired(过期的).Keeptrackofsupplyamountsandexpirationdatesregularly.CreateachecklistinthekitRecordeveryitemonasheetofpaperandkeepitinthekit.Besides,recordtheamountsoftheitemsandexpirationdatesnexttothelisteditemsonthechecklistthatyouincludeinyourkit.Inthisway,anyonewhowantstoreachthekitcanimmediatelyknowwhatitincludesanddoesn'tinclude.Also,theycanbeclearwhethertheitemscanbeused.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，讲述了家中备有急救箱是应对紧急情况的重要举措，同时，对急救箱的选择、使用以及所放的位置给出了建议。5．Whichisclosetothemeaningoftheunderlinedword“translucent”？A．Wide. B．Advanced.C．Clear. D．Strong.C[词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后面的定语从句“whichmakesiteasytoseethematerialsinside”可知，它可以很容易让人看到里面的材料。这里的which指代的是先行词container，这里定语从句的内容可以解释container前面的修饰语，因为人们能很容易地看到里面的材料，因此它的意思是“透明的”。结合选项，故选C。]6．Whatshouldtheyoungchildrenbetoldaboutthehomefirstaidkit?A．Howtousetheitems. B．Whatitcontains.C．Wheretoplaceit. D．Whentofetchit.C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Foryoungerchildrenwhoshouldn'tusetheitemsinthekit，teachthemwhereit'slocated，sotheycouldshowavisitor，relativeorbabysitter.”可知，对于不应该使用工具箱中物品的年幼儿童而言，家长应告诉他们工具箱所在的位置，以便他们能在有突发情况的时候告诉客人、亲戚或保姆。结合选项，故选C。]7．Whyshouldthehomefirstaidkitbeexaminedregularly?A．Tomakeitcleanandtidy.B．Tomakesureit'savailable.C．Tobefamiliarwiththeitems.D．Tolearntodealwithemergencies.B[细节理解题。根据第四段“Noonewantstofetchafirstaidkitandfindthebandageboxemptyorthepainrelieversexpired.Keeptrackofsupplyamountsandexpirationdatesregularly.”可知，没有人想在拿起急救箱时，发现绷带盒里是空的或者止痛药过期了。要经常查看还有多少可用的东西和有效日期。因此经常查看家庭急救箱的原因在于确保有可用的东西和物品没有失效。Tomakesureit'savailable.意为“确保它可用”。故选B。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五Haveyoueverbeeninasituationwherefirstaidwasrequired?Didyouknowwhattodo?Didyoufeeladequatelyequippedandconfidentenoughtoperformfirstaidprocedures?AttheSOSCenter,trainedprofessionalsprovidesomeone­on­oneandgroupcoursesinfirstaid.FirstAidForInfants(婴儿)Thiscourseisdesignedforfirst­timeparentswhodonothaveabasicknowledgeoffirstaidforinfantsandbabies.2，orifyouwanttoavoidmorelifethreateningproblemsandillnesses,youwillgetthemfromthesetopics.FirstAidforChildrenEveryparentknowsthefearofreleasingtheirsmallchildoutintotheworld,awayfromtheirwatchfuleye.3.Thiscourseteachesparentshowtodeterminewhenaninjuryrequiresstitches(缝针),howtotreatbasiccuts,aswellashowtotreatsunburnsandotherwounds.4Ourmostpopularcourseoffersallkindsofapproachestoapplyingfirstaid.Inthistwo­daycourse,you'lllearnsomebasicskillssuchashowtorespondwhenachildoranadultchokes,whattodoifsomeonehasaheartattackorstroke,howtoreacttosnakebitesandspiderbites,andmore.Thiscourseishighlyrecommendedforlearnersofallages.5.Inaddition,weareplanningtoopenspecialcoursesincommunitycentersaroundBeijing.FormoreinformationonSOSandourcourseselectionortoregisterforacourse,pleasevisitwww.firstthings­first.com.A．BasicTrainingCourseinFirstAidB．VariousFirst­AidCoursesforBabiesC．Whenyouwanttoeaseyourbaby'sdiscomfortsD．Ifyouwanttoavoidtheriskofyourparents'injuriesE．Classesareofferedonaregu