适用于老高考旧教材广西专版2023届高考英语二轮总复习第二部分阅读理解专题一主旨大意课件

第二部分专题一主旨大意英语内容索引基础自诊•夯基固本高频考点•探究突破新题演练•能力迁移基础自诊•夯基固本Ⅰ.词汇复习13(根据汉语提示填入以g开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以g开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】Togaina15%discountofsome1.________________(商品),suchasgas,grainandothergroceries,manypeople2.________________(抓住)thechanceand3.______________(聚集)atthegateofthesupermarket.Agentleman4.______________(扫视)overthecrowd,makingagenerous

gesturetothepeopleandtoldthemthegoalofthegovernmentwasto5.______________(确保)thateveryonecouldbegiven

gifts

gradually.

goodsgrasped

gatheredglancedguaranteeⅡ.高考范文必背(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)假定你是李华,你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教MissEvans写封邮件,请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括:1.剧情简介;2.指导内容;3.商定时间地点。注意:1.词数100左右;2.结束语已为你写好。Yourssincerely,LiHua

[范文]DearMissEvans,I’mwritingtoaskyoutodomeafavor.Asyouknow,myclassmatesandIhaveadaptedtheshortplayHamletwrittenbyWilliamShakespeare.It’soneofthemostclassicalthingsinourtextbook.Wouldyougiveussomeadviceaboutoneoftheplots?That’saboutHamlet’scomplexmentalmindwhenhisfatherdiedandhismotherimmediatelymarriedhisuncle.Weareinurgentneedofyourhelpandguidance.WouldyoubeavailableonSundayafternoon?MyclassmatesandIwillbestudyingintheclassroomthen.I’dappreciateitifyoucansparesometimeandgiveussomespecificguidance.Yourssincerely,LiHua高频考点•探究突破主旨大意题,主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。这类题通常以概括中心大意、选择最佳标题等形式出现。主旨大意题的选项特点:正确的选项通常不包含细节信息和绝对意义的词,能概括文章全部内容。干扰项通常是以下列方式设置:以偏概全,选项过于笼统,选项内容是命题者杜撰的或选项为无关信息等。一、标题概括类主旨大意题考生在做标题概括类试题时要注意标题的三个特性,即醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句,要注意那些贯穿文章始终的词语。其主要设题形式有:Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis

.

Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis

.

Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?Thesuitableheadlineofthepassagemaybe

.

方法突破1.领悟主旨要义,避免以偏概全标题概括类主旨大意题考查考生对文章的领悟和概括能力。所选文章标题必须能概括全文的中心内容,即标题涵盖性强,能覆盖全文;标题要体现主题,既不能太大,也不能过于片面,即标题所指的范围要恰当;标题准确性要强,表意准确,与文章的感情色彩相同。总之,考生应认真揣摩作者的写作意图,弄清文章的篇章结构,避免以下三种错误:概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体);过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);以事实或细节代替抽象概念的主旨大意。2.逆向思维,避重就轻采用逆向思维法解题,先设定某一个选项为正确的文章标题,然后假设按照这个标题,文章通常应该怎么写、写什么;再根据其核心词,考生就可以大致确定文章的结构和内容了。如果二者与短文基本相同,就可以判断该项正确;如果与短文大相径庭,就可以判断该项不正确。例1(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,D)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?解析:C

标题概括题。文章开门见山,指出人类与植物的联系一直是科研的主题;然后讲述麻省理工学院开展的研究,力求用植物代替日常用品的功能;接下来进一步阐述用普通蔬菜来发出光照亮房间,甚至将树木变成自供电的街灯。由此可知,文章最佳标题为C项。例2(2019·全国Ⅲ卷,B)ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“It’snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChina

Through

A

Looking

GlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,”saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday’stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,”addsHill.

ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends解析:D

标题概括题。通读全文尤其是第三段和最后一段的最后一句可知,本文主要讲述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。故D项“中国文化推动国际时尚潮流”最适合作为本文的标题。演练1(2021·浙江卷,B)Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes’walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today’schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay“chocolate”intohisthree-year-oldson’searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself“marketingdirectorforNature”.Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProject

Wild

Thing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.“Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,”DavidBondsays.“Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife.”Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:“Wejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile.”Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.Q:Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LetChildrenHaveFunB.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTimeC.MarketNaturetoChildrenD.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildrenC解析:标题概括题。作者自己小时候在外面玩,而现在自己的孩子花费在屏幕上的时间太多,不再出去玩了,并叙述了很多人已意识到了这个问题,并且以电影导演

David

Bond为例,拍摄纪录片,倡导孩子们到户外,到大自然中去等。因此C项符合题意。二、文章大意类主旨大意题一篇文章总是有中心思想的,获取文章中心思想的方法就是找出主题句。主题句通常在开头段或结尾段,但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。因此,在阅读时要对文章的开头段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句给予特别的关注。其主要设题形式有:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Thewriterofthepassagewantstotellusthat

.

Thepassageismainlyabout

.

Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydealwith?方法突破选项、文章双结合,避免看懂文章却出错有的文章主旨贯穿于全文,这就需要考生通读全文,抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义,对获取的信息进行加工、提炼,通过对语篇的分析把握文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系,将每段的主题综合起来,找出文章的中心。但是考生在解答文章主旨大意类试题时,常会出现看懂文章却做错题这一现象。因为考生在选择文章主旨大意时,常会犯以偏概全的错误。要避免出现这种错误,考生首先要明白自己懂的是全文的中心思想还是细节,懂的是词汇的字面意思还是其蕴含的意义;然后以“三主一问”作为解题思路。“三主”指文章的主题思想、文章的结构主线和关键句的主谓结构。“一问”指根据文章后面所设的问题来发问:此题的考查点是什么?考生一定要读懂题干,这样在阅读文章时才能站得高,看得远,从而知全局。例(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmental

Science.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.解析:B

主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了有关玩拼图的科学研究,再结合最后一段内容不难推断出文章主旨。故选B项。演练2AsanauthorwithadegreeinEnglish,33-year-oldTomWilliamshasachievedmorethanmanypeoplewillinalifetime.Whatmakesthoseachievementsmoreimpressiveisthathe’sdyslexic(诵读困难的)....Itwasn’tuntiltheageof17thathewasgivenatestfordyslexiathatshowedwhyhe’dstruggledforsolong.Noteveryoneunderstandsdyslexiasowell.“Ifteachersaren’ttrainedtorecognizesignsofdyslexia,theywillthinkchildrenarelessableandmaythinkit’scarelessness.”hesays.Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.TomWilliams’schoollife.B.Howtoovercomedyslexia.C.TomWilliamsbecameawriterwithhisteacher’shelp.D.TomWilliamsovercamedyslexiaandbecameanauthor.D解析:主旨大意题。根据文中的As

an

author和“What

makes

those

achievements

more

impressive

is

that

he’s

dyslexic.”可知,文章主要讲述了诵读困难症患者Tom

Williams克服困难,最终成了一位作家的故事。三、段落大意类主旨大意题每个段落通常都有一个中心,通常中心思想会在该段首句或末句体现出来,即常说的段落主题句。一般说来,采用归纳法的段落,细节表述在前,归纳概括在后。若主题句出现在段首,则文章多为说明文和议论文。主题句也可能出现在段落的中间。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句,考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。其主要设题形式有:Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisprobablythat

.

Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith?Whatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinparagraph...?Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeparagraph...?Whatisthemainideadiscussedinparagraph...?方法突破如何找准主题句找准主题句是确定文章主旨大意的主要方法。主题句在文中的位置:开门见山:提出主题——细节支撑——阐明主题;段末点睛:细节描述——归纳要点——概括主题;段中点旨:细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。在阅读非故事性文章如科普类说明文时,主题句尤其明显。有的文章的主题句不明显,隐含在段落之中,考生要注意辨别。例(2019·浙江卷,C)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.27.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.解析:A

段落大意题。通读第二段可知,在加利福尼亚的不同地区,大树减少的程度都非常严重。由此可知,本段主要讲述加利福尼亚大树减少的严峻性。故选A项。演练3(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,B)Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes.” B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.” D.Theperformanceofrealapes.B解析:段落大意题。给出的段落即是第二段,此段主要讲述《猩球崛起》在拍摄过程中是如何借助计算机技术创造出“数字化人猿”的。故选B项。新题演练•能力迁移A(2022·全国乙卷,C)Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机的各种优势、对铁路系统做出的诸多贡献以及未来的应用方向。1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.A解析:细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线,这使得它将被应用于铁路系统成为可能。故选A项。2.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.C解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“to

inspect

and

repair

the

rail

infrastructure”可以推断出,画线单词指的就是“维修,维护”。故选C项。3.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.A解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知,人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报,确保列车能及时应对问题,从而提高安全系数。故选A项。4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailwaysD解析:主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向,因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。故选D项。B(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,C)Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在英国,人们的生活方式逐渐发生着改变:越来越多的家庭选择合住。1.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.Kathryn. D.Thedaughters.B解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...but

Rita

Whitehead

has

her

own

kitchen,bathroom,bedroom

and

living

room

on

the

ground

floor.”可知,丽塔在一楼有她自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。所以丽塔居住在一楼。故选B项。2.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.A解析:推理判断题。根据第五段中尼克说的话“From

my

standpoint,it

all

seems

to

work

very

well.Would

I

recommend

it?Yes,I

think

I

would.”可知,尼克觉得和岳母合住在一起挺好的。由此推测,尼克对于与岳母合住持积极的态度。故选A项。3.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.C解析:推理判断题。结合第六段中的“Official

reports

suggest

that

the

number

of

households

with

three

generations

living

together

had

risen

from

325,000

in

2001

to

419,000

in

2013.”可知,官方报告显示三代同堂的家庭数量从2001年的32.5万户增加到了2013年的41.9万户。第七段也用了相关的数据对家庭几代人合住的情况进行了介绍。文中作者是在引用官方的具体数据对几代人合住的家庭进行分析和说明。故选C项。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.D解析:主旨大意题。文章重点讲述了在英国越来越多的家庭选择合住这一社会现象。故选D项。C(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,C)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鸭票产生的背景及其社会影响。1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.A解析:细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,北美水禽数量减少的一个原因是它们赖以生存的湿地大量流失。故选A项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.C解析:词义猜测题。根据句首的Unfortunately一词以及下文出现的were

killed和were

dried等信息可推断,该词的大意为“毁坏,破坏”。故选C项。3.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.D解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知,1934年通过的这项法案让政府筹集到了大量的资金,可以用于购买水禽的栖息地。故选D项。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHuntingA解析:标题概括题。通读全文可知,为了保护北美的水禽,美国在1934年发行了鸭票。出售鸭票的收入被用来购买水禽的栖息地,并取得重大成效。A项最具概括性。故选A项。D(2022·全国甲卷,D)Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,th