新高考数学一轮复习10.2 圆的方程（精练）（基础版）（原卷版）

10.2圆的方程（精练）（基础版）题组一题组一圆的方程1．（2022湖南期末）若SKIPIF1<0的三个顶点坐标分别为SKIPIF1<0，SKIPIF1<0，SKIPIF1<0，则SKIPIF1<0外接圆的圆心坐标为（）A．SKIPIF1<0 B．SKIPIF1<0 C．SKIPIF1<0 D．SKIPIF1<02．（2022成都期末）已知圆SKIPIF1<0的圆心为SKIPIF1<0，且圆SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0轴的交点分别为SKIPIF1<0，则圆SKIPIF1<0的标准方程为（）A．SKIPIF1<0 B．SKIPIF1<0C．SKIPIF1<0 D．SKIPIF1<03．（2022天津月考）与SKIPIF1<0轴相切，且圆心坐标为SKIPIF1<0的圆的标准方程为（）A．SKIPIF1<0 B．SKIPIF1<0C．SKIPIF1<0 D．SKIPIF1<04．（2022·全国·高二课时练习）求满足下列条件的圆的方程，并画出图形：(1)经过点SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0，圆心在x轴上；(2)经过直线SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0的交点，圆心为点SKIPIF1<0；(3)经过SKIPIF1<0，SKIPIF1<0两点，且圆心在直线SKIPIF1<0上；(4)经过SKIPIF1<0，SKIPIF1<0，SKIPIF1<0三点．题组二直线与圆的位置关系题组二直线与圆的位置关系1（2022·滨州二模）已知直线SKIPIF1<0，圆SKIPIF1<0，则直线l与圆C的位置关系是（）A．相离 B．相切 C．相交 D．不确定2．（2022·毕节模拟）曲线SKIPIF1<0与直线SKIPIF1<0有两个交点，则实数SKIPIF1<0的取值范围为（）A．SKIPIF1<0 B．SKIPIF1<0C．SKIPIF1<0 D．SKIPIF1<03．（2022汕尾期末）（多选）直线SKIPIF1<0：SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0：SKIPIF1<0相交于SKIPIF1<0，SKIPIF1<0两点，则（）A．直线SKIPIF1<0过定点SKIPIF1<0B．SKIPIF1<0时，直线SKIPIF1<0平分圆SKIPIF1<0C．SKIPIF1<0时，SKIPIF1<0为等腰直角三角形D．SKIPIF1<0时，弦SKIPIF1<0最短4．（2022广东月考）（多选）已知点SKIPIF1<0是圆SKIPIF1<0上的任意一点，直线SKIPIF1<0，则下列结论正确的是（）A．直线SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0的位置关系只有相交和相切两种B．圆SKIPIF1<0的圆心到直线SKIPIF1<0距离的最大值为SKIPIF1<0C．点SKIPIF1<0到直线SKIPIF1<0距离的最小值为SKIPIF1<0D．点SKIPIF1<0可能在圆SKIPIF1<0上5．（2022盐城期末）已知直线SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0相切，则实数a的值为．6（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）已知点SKIPIF1<0，若直线SKIPIF1<0关于SKIPIF1<0的对称直线与圆SKIPIF1<0存在公共点，则实数a的取值范围为．7．（2022广东）当圆SKIPIF1<0截直线SKIPIF1<0所得的弦长最短时，m的值为（）A．SKIPIF1<0 B．SKIPIF1<0 C．-1 D．18（2022山西）．过点SKIPIF1<0的直线l与圆SKIPIF1<0有公共点，则直线l倾斜角的取值范围是（）A．SKIPIF1<0 B．SKIPIF1<0 C．SKIPIF1<0 D．SKIPIF1<09（2022山东）．过点SKIPIF1<0的直线SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0：SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0，SKIPIF1<0两点，当弦SKIPIF1<0取最大值时，直线SKIPIF1<0的方程为（）A．SKIPIF1<0 B．SKIPIF1<0 C．SKIPIF1<0 D．SKIPIF1<0题组三题组三圆与圆的位置关系1．（2022·邯郸模拟）已知圆SKIPIF1<0：SKIPIF1<0和圆SKIPIF1<0：SKIPIF1<0，则“SKIPIF1<0”是“圆SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0内切”的（）A．充分不必要条件 B．必要不充分条件C．充分必要条件 D．既不充分也不必要条件2．（2022·河东模拟）圆SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0的公共弦长为．3．（2022·河西模拟）设SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0相交于SKIPIF1<0两点，则SKIPIF1<0．4．（2022·威海模拟）圆SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0的公共弦长为．5．（2022·湖南模拟）已知动圆SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0外切，与圆SKIPIF1<0内切，则动圆圆心SKIPIF1<0的轨迹方程为．6．（2021·山东济南市·高二期末）（多选）已知圆SKIPIF1<0和圆SKIPIF1<0的公共点为SKIPIF1<0，SKIPIF1<0，则（）A．SKIPIF1<0 B．直线SKIPIF1<0的方程是SKIPIF1<0C．SKIPIF1<0 D．SKIPIF1<07．（2021·全国高二课时练习）（多选）圆SKIPIF1<0和圆SKIPIF1<0的交点为A，B，则有（）A．公共弦AB所在直线方程为SKIPIF1<0B．线段AB中垂线方程为SKIPIF1<0C．公共弦AB的长为SKIPIF1<0D．P为圆SKIPIF1<0上一动点，则P到直线AB距离的最大值为SKIPIF1<08．（2022云南）已知圆SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0．(1)求证：圆SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0相交；(2)求两圆公共弦所在直线的方程；(3)求经过两圆交点，且圆心在直线SKIPIF1<0上的圆的方程．题组四题组四切线问题1．（2022哈尔滨）设圆SKIPIF1<0，圆SKIPIF1<0，则圆SKIPIF1<0，SKIPIF1<0的公切线有（

）A．1条 B．2条 C．3条 D．4条2．（2022·青海）（多选）已知圆SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0有四条公切线，则实数a的取值可能是（

）A．－4 B．－2 C．SKIPIF1<0 D．33．（2022广东）（多选）已知圆SKIPIF1<0，圆SKIPIF1<0，则下列是M，N两圆公切线的直线方程为（

）A．y＝0 B．3x－4y＝0 C．SKIPIF1<0 D．SKIPIF1<04．（2022·广东模拟）（多选）已知圆SKIPIF1<0和圆SKIPIF1<0，过圆SKIPIF1<0上任意一点SKIPIF1<0作圆SKIPIF1<0的两条切线，设两切点分别为SKIPIF1<0，则（）A．线段SKIPIF1<0的长度大于SKIPIF1<0B．线段SKIPIF1<0的长度小于SKIPIF1<0C．当直线SKIPIF1<0与圆SKIPIF1<0相切时，原点SKIPIF1<0