一轮学案选择性必修第二册uNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

选择性必修第二册UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS(主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术)核心考点课堂突破1.contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的[教材原句]Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.(P2)总的来说,对于霍乱的传播途径,那时候的医生有两种对立的理论。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)Thewitnessesgavetwocompletely(contradict)descriptions.[小话题写作](2)跟维生素有关的新研究和声明每天都公布出来,而且很多都自相矛盾。Newstudiesandclaimsaboutvitaminsarepublisheddaily,andmanyseemto.考点必记(1)self-contradictory自相矛盾的contradictoryinformation矛盾信息(2)contradictvt.反驳contradictoneself自相矛盾contradicteachother互相矛盾contradictsb反驳某人2.infectionn.感染;传染[教材原句]Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.(P2)另一种理论是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)Thereisavirusthat(infect)word-processingdocumentsrecently.(2)Theopenwoundsoonbecame(infect).[小话题写作](3)这种病毒在短短几天内感染了数千台计算机。Thisviruswithindays.(4)她那快乐的情绪和笑声感染了全班。Hercheerfulspiritsandlaughter.考点必记(1)preventinfection防止感染skininfection皮肤感染(2)infectvt.传染;感染infectedadj.感染的beinfectedwith被感染(3)infectiousadj.传染性的infectiouslaughter富有感染力的笑声ahighlyinfectiousdisease传染性极高的疾病3.subscribevi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);赞同[教材原句]Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.(P2)斯诺赞同第二个观点。语境巧练[单句语法填空](1)Mostscientistssubscribetheviewthattheearthisbecomingwarmerbecauseofhumanactivities.[小话题写作](2)我们已经订阅了一份晚报。Wehaveaneveningnewspaper.(3)每个雇员可以认购价值不超过2000美元的股票。Eachemployeemayupto$2,000worthofshares.考点必记(1)subscribetoananimalprotectionsociety向一个动物保护协会捐款subscribetoamagazine订阅一本杂志subscribeto同意;赞同subscribefor认购(股份)(2)subscribern.订阅者;订户4.suspectvt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象[教材原句]Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(P2)斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhen(suspect)ofdrugdealing.(2)Thedrug(suspect)ofcausingover200deaths.(3)(suspect)nothing,hewalkedrightintothetrap.[小话题写作](4)从他不正常的行为来评判,我怀疑他是个小偷。Judgingfromhisabnormalbehaviour,Iathief.考点必记(1)suspectdanger疑心有危险suspectone’smotives怀疑某人的动机suspectaplot怀疑有阴谋suspectsbofdoingsth怀疑某人做过某事suspectsb/sthtobe...怀疑某人/某物是……(2)amurdersuspect杀人犯罪嫌疑人theprimesuspect首要嫌疑人5.blamevt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责n.责备;指责[教材原句]Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(P2)斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。语境巧练[单句语法填空](1)—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I’mnot(blame),Mum.Iamwhatyouhavemademe.(2)Joeisproudandstubborn,neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelse(blame).(3)Theteacherdidn’tknowwhoistoblamethebrokenwindow.(4)Manychildren(blame)formakingmistakesintheexam.[小话题写作](5)许多人发现早上起床很难,并把责任推到闹钟上。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andthealarmclock.考点必记betoblame(forsth)该(为……)受责备,应该(为……)负责blamesthonsb把某事归咎于某人blamesbforsth/doingsth因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事beblamedfor因……受谴责/责备accept/bear/taketheblameforsth对某事负责任puttheblameonsth把责任归咎于……[名师点津]betoblame意为“该受谴责,该受责备”,用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。6.handlen.把手;拉手;柄vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)[教材原句]Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(P2)相应地,他让人把水泵的把手去掉,这样它就不能用了。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineer(handle)theproblem.[小话题写作](2)然后,先处理最重要的任务,这样你会感到真正的成就感。Then,tasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseofachievement.(3)我们都得学会调节压力。Weallhavetolearnto.(4)他转动把手,打开了门。Heandopenedthedoor.考点必记(1)handleamachine操纵机器handleaproblem处理问题handlethepaperwork处理文书工作handlethedata处理数据handleacase处理一个案件handlethecrisis处理危机handleacomplaint处理投诉(2)thehandleofthedoor门把手getahandleonsth开始了解/掌握某事7.linkn.联系;纽带vt.把……连接起来;相关联[教材原句]Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.(P3)而且,后来斯诺能够表明,其他霍乱的病例和伦敦不同的自来水公司有关。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)Thetwocities(link)byarailway.(2)Thepolicemenarelookingforpeople(link)totheaccidentwhichhappenedlastnight.[小话题写作](3)这些摄像机与一台功能强大的计算机相连接。Thevideocamerasapowerfulcomputer.(4)英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来。TheChannelTunneltherestofEurope.考点必记(1)alinkoffriendship友谊的纽带alinkbetweendrinkingandlivertrouble喝酒与肝病的关系(2)belinkedby...用……连接link...with...把……和……连接起来belinkedto与……有联系;与……有关联link...to...把……和……联系起来[名师点津]berelatedto与……有联系,与……有关系relate...to...把……和……联系起来beconnectedwith与……有关系;与……有亲戚关系connect...with...把……和……连接起来8.decreasen.减少;降低;减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低[教材原句]ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.(P3)通过斯诺孜孜不倦的努力,自来水公司开始销售干净的水,全世界范围内的霍乱威胁有了很大的下降。语境巧练[单句语法填空](1)Watercantransformadesertagarden.(2)(transform)intoafrogbythewitch,theprincewasdrivenoutofthecastle.(3)Asisknowntoall,watercan(transform)intopower.(4)Inrecentyears,themovieindustryhasundergoneasubstantial(transform).考点必记(1)o...把……变成……transforminto变成(2)transformationn.改变;转换[名师点津]trans表示“从一……到另一……”,如translate,transplant,transfusion,transport等。9.breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发[教材原句]However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.(P7)然而,在1932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱做出了把专业改为航空制造业的决定,因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护并且保卫这个国家。语境巧练[选短语填空]breakout,breakoff,breakthrough,breakin,breakinto,breakdown,breakup(1)Themeetingdidn’tuntilnoon.(2)Abigfireinthetownlastnight.(3)Don’twhileothersarespeaking.(4)Aftertenyearsofhardwork,hishealthis.(5)WehopetosooninthefightagainstAIDS.(6)Therewasnoonenearbywhomightseehimtryingthehouse.(7)Thetwocountriesdiplomaticrelationsbecauseofwar.考点必记breakdown(机器)损坏;破坏;(身体/精神)垮下来;感情失去控制breakup拆散,分开;驱散,解散;分手breakin强行闯入,侵入;插话breakinto闯入,侵入;突然发出/做出……breakoff折断;中断;停止说话;(工作中)稍作休息breakthrough突破10.defendvt.保卫;防守;辩解[教材原句]However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.(P7)然而,在1932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱做出了把专业改为航空制造业的决定,因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护并且保卫这个国家。语境巧练[单句语法填空](1)Theydidn’tgivehimachance(defend)himself.(2)Thewallwasbuiltasa(defend)againsttheenemyattacks.(3)Exercisecandefendpeopleillness.[小话题写作](4)我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练,能够对付持刀袭击。Allourpolicemenaretrainedtoknifeattacks.(5)我得为她说句话,她对此事一无所知。Ihavetosaythatsheknewnothingaboutit.考点必记(1)defend...against...保护……免受……defendsb为某人辩护defendoneself为自己辩解defendaplace保卫一个地方defendachild保护孩子defendone’sconduct为某人的行为辩解defendthecountry保卫国家defendthenationalinterest保护民族利益(2)defensen.防御;防卫indefenseof保卫;为……辩护theDepartmentofDefense国防部asadefenseagainst作为针对……的防御手段11.inchargeof主管;掌管[教材原句]Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.(P8)他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎,不仅被任命负责发展中国的火箭事业还有它的太空导弹项目。语境巧练[单句语法填空](1)Theyleftmeinchargethechildrenforaweek.(2)Iamleavingtheschoolyourcharge.(3)Howmuchdidtheychargetherepairs?[句式升级]Heisinchargeofthenewspaper’sadvertisementsection.(4)→Thenewspaper’sadvertisementsection.(5)→Thenewspaper’sadvertisementsection.考点必记incharge负责;掌管inthechargeofsb/inone’scharge由……负责takechargeof负责;掌管chargesbsomemoneyforsth因为某事向某人收费freeofcharge免费chargesbwithdoingsth指控某人做某事12.notonly...butalso...不仅……而且……[教材原句]Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.(P8)他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎,不仅被任命负责发展中国的火箭事业还有它的太空导弹项目。语境巧练[用所给词的适当形式填空](1)NotonlyTombutalsohisparents(be)invitedtheotherday.(2)NotonlyhisparentsbutalsoTom(be)invitedtheotherday.[小话题写作](3)电脑应用于教学中。结果不仅节省了老师的精力,学生们也对课堂更感兴趣。Thecomputerisusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly,butstudentsbecomemoreinterestedinthelessons.考点必记“notonly...butalso...”连接并列成分,当连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式采用“就近一致”原则。[名师点津]notonly放在句首,后接句子时要用倒装结构,但but(also)后的句子不倒装。13.aboveall最重要的是;尤其是[教材原句]Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.(P9)最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的过失。语境巧练[选短语填空]inall,afterall,aboveall,firstofall(1)Thereweretwelveofusfordinner.(2)Tobegreat,youmustbesmart,confident,and,honest.(3)Bobthoughthecouldn’tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthewent.(4)Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerhastoknowtheirstrengthsandweaknesses.考点必记inall总共,共计afterall终究;毕竟(not)atall根本(不)aboveall尤其,最重要的是firstofall首先(强调次序)[语境串记]Youshouldn’thavescoldedtheboyatall.Heisachildafterall.Aboveall,hemadeonlytwomistakesinall.你根本不该责备那个男孩。他毕竟还是个孩子。最重要的是,他总共才出了两处错。随堂巩固迁移运用Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Wearefacedwithtwoapparently(contradict)statements.2.Thevaccinewasusedtoprotectthewholepopulationagainst(infect).3.Theauthoritiesnolongersubscribetheviewthatdisabledpeopleareunsuitableasteachers.4.IthinkTom,ratherthanyouis(blame)forthematter.5.Pilcher(suspect)ofgivingawaygovernmentsecretstotheenemy.6.Mostcustomersweresatisfiedwiththewaytheircomplaints(handle).7.Despitethe(intervene)oftheinternationalcommunity,thetwocountrieswereunabletosettletheirdifferences.8.(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.9.(2020·天津卷)ThankstheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.10.(2020·江苏卷)Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable(transform).Ⅱ.选词或短语填空severe,breakout,blame,suspect,castashadow,thanksto,onceandforallAsweallknow,choleraisa1.diseasewhichonce2.overpeopleallovertheworldeverytimeit3..Atfirst,people4.itwasduetobadair.5.JohnSnow,thetruthwasfoundoutthatthepollutedwaterwas6..Sincethecausewasknown,cholerawasdefeated7..Ⅲ.微语境写作请根据下面提示,写一篇短文介绍霍金。词数80左右。1.斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。(gifted)2.当他指出霍伊尔教授的错误并证明大爆炸理论是正确的时,他就出名了。(well-known,bigbangtheory)3.后来他得了一种病,不能动弹,他的世界成了一个抽象的思想世界。(comedownwith,abstract)4.然而,智慧、勇敢和决心使他成为天才,同时也是与疾病抗争的战士。(genius,fightagainst)选择性必修第二册UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS核心考点·课堂突破1.(1)contradictory(2)contradicteachother2.(1)infects(2)infected(3)infectedthousandsofcomputers(4)infect(ed)thewholeclass3.(1)to(2)subscribedto(3)subscribefor4.(1)suspected(2)issuspected(3)Suspecting(4)suspectedhimtobe5.(1)toblame(2)tobl